Identification
- Summary
Turpentine is a medication used to treat minor aches and pains of muscles and joints.
- Generic Name
- Turpentine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11120
- Background
Turpentine, also known as spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, and wood turpentine, is a liquid extracted from live trees, mainly pine, through distillation of resin. It is used as a solvent and base material in organic synthesis reactions. Turpentine is composed of terpenes, mainly the monoterpenes alpha-pinene and beta-pinene with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, dipentene, and terpinolene.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Experimental
- Synonyms
- Gum turpentine
- Spirits of gum turpentine
- Turpentine (gum)
- Turpentine gum
- External IDs
- Fema no. 3088
Pharmacology
- Indication
Turpentine has been used experimentally in a bath for the treatment of disseminated sclerosis and sexual dysfunction. It also has been studied for its antibacterial activity and inhibition of osteoclast activity. Turpentine is utilized in experimental models of inflammation to induce a systemic inflammatory immune response in animals.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Symptomatic treatment of Joint pain ••• ••••• Symptomatic treatment of Muscle pain ••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Turpentine oil, when inhaled, may help reduce congestion. When used on the skin, turpentine oil may cause warmth and redness that can help relieve pain in the tissue underneath.
- Mechanism of action
Binding of turpentine oil or inflammatory cytokines e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1) activate signalling through the IL-1 Type 1 receptor (IL-1 R1). Initiation occurs by binding of Toll-interleukin 1 receptor adaptor protein (TIRAP) and Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (mD88) which then dissociates and interacts with IRAK (Interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase) and the tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). This activates the MAPK pathway leading to transcription of the nuclear factor κB transcription factor and production of inflammatory mediators.
Target Actions Organism UMitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Not Available Humans - Absorption
Turpentine is readily absorbed from GI tract, skin, and respiratory tract.
- Volume of distribution
Turpentine, as a lipophilic substance, accumulates in fatty tissues. The highest concentrations of turpentine following inhalation by rats were found in the spleen, kidneys, brain, and peripheral and perinephric fat.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Elimination of absorbed turpentine in the urine is manifested by an odor resembling that of violets.
- Half-life
Eight male volunteers were exposed to 450 mg/cu m turpentine by inhalation (2 hr, 50 W) in an exposure chamber. The mean half lives of the last phase of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and 3-carene (components of turpentine) averaged 32, 25, and 42 hours, respectively.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Human : TCLo ( Inhalation) 175ppm, Effects : lung, Thorax or Respiration Human: TCLo ( inhalation ) 6gm/m3/3h , Effects : Behavioral: Headache Infant: LDLo ( Oral ) 1748 mg/kg, Effect : GI, Nausea or vomiting Man: LDLo (Oral ) 3mg/kg Mouse LC50 ( inhalation ) 29mg/m3/2h Mouse: LD50 ( intravenous ) 1180ug/kg Rabbit: LDLo ( Skin) 5010mg/kg, Effect: general depressed activity
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
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Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Turpentine oil C5H0QJ6V7F 8006-64-2 Not applicable - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Die Da Wan Hua Pain Relieving Oil 6 g/100mL Topical GUANGZHOU BAIYUNSHAN JINGXIUTANG PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD 2003-05-08 Not applicable US 
Humco Turpentine Oil Rectified Liquid 1000 mg/1mL Topical Humco Holding Group, Inc. 1998-03-25 2021-04-30 US Koong Yick Hak Kwai Oil Oil 46 g/100mL Topical Ling Nam Medicine Factory (H.K.) Ltd. 2021-02-25 Not applicable US Ling Nam Hak Kwai Oil Oil 50 g/100mL Topical Ling Nam Medicine Factory (H.K.) Ltd. 2020-11-10 Not applicable US Ling Nam Hak Kwai Oil Oil 46 g/100mL Topical Ling Nam Medicine Factory (H.K.) Ltd. 2021-02-25 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Artrex Turpentine (6 g/60g) + Camphor (3 g/60g) + Levomenthol (1.8 g/60g) Cream Topical BIO-VED Pharmaceuticals 2004-04-01 2014-10-02 US Artrex Turpentine (6 g/60g) + Camphor (3 g/60g) + Menthol (1.8 g/60g) Cream Topical Bioved Pharmaceuticals 2004-04-01 Not applicable US AXE BRAND HEAT OIL Turpentine oil (22 %) + Cinnamon leaf oil (4 %) + Cinnamon oil (5 %) + Citronella oil (2 %) + Methyl salicylate (60 %) Oil Topical Leung Kai Fook Medical Sdn Bhd 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia 
BUĞUMENTOL BUĞU, 40 G Turpentine (2 g) + Eucalyptol (2 g) + Levomenthol (1 g) + Peppermint oil (2 g) Solution Respiratory (inhalation) DROGSAN İLAÇLARI SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 1989-06-16 Not applicable Turkey 
Cal Mo Dol Ont Turpentine oil (3 mg / g) + Camphor (15 mg / g) + Eucalyptol (25 mg / g) + Levomenthol (40 mg / g) + Methyl salicylate (100 mg / g) + Peppermint oil (7.5 mg / g) Ointment Topical Herbes Universelles Inc. 1980-12-31 2009-07-15 Canada 
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- XJ6RUH0O4G
- CAS number
- 9005-90-7
References
- General References
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 347911126
- 10938
- Wikipedia
- Turpentine
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Cream Topical Solution Respiratory (inhalation) Solution / drops Auricular (otic) Oil Oil Topical 6 g/100mL Liniment Topical Liquid Topical 1000 mg/1mL Oil Topical 46 g/100mL Oil Topical 50 g/100mL Liquid Topical Oil Topical Spray Topical Oil Topical 40.13 %w/v Ointment Topical Ointment Topical 5 % - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Not Available
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Rna polymerase ii carboxy-terminal domain kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK ca...
- Gene Name
- MAPK1
- Uniprot ID
- P28482
- Uniprot Name
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 41389.265 Da
References
Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at September 28, 2021 21:54