Identification
- Generic Name
- Sodium hydroxide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11151
- Background
Sodium hydroxide is also known as lye or soda , or caustic soda 6.
At room temperature, sodium hydroxide is a white crystalline odorless solid that absorbs moisture from the air. It is a synthetically manufactured substance. When dissolved in water or neutralized with acid it releases substantial amounts of heat, which may prove sufficient to ignite combustible materials. Sodium hydroxide is highly corrosive 2.
Sodium hydroxide is generally used as a solid or a diluted in a 50% solution. This chemical is used to manufacture soaps, rayon, paper, explosives, dyestuffs, and petroleum products 2.
It is also used in processing cotton fabric, laundering and bleaching, metal cleaning and processing, oxide coating, electroplating, and electrolytic extracting. It is commonly found in commercial drain/ oven cleaners 2. According to the the FDA, sodium hydroxide is considered a direct food recognized as safe, where it serves as a pH control agent and follows good manufacturing guidelines 3.
Interestingly, sodium hydroxide has been studied for its use in the treatment of prion disease (as occurs in mad cow disease and kuru). The use of this compound has been shown to effectively reduce prion levels in an in vitro inactivation assay 1.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Sodium hydroxide (DB11151)
- Weight
- Average: 39.9971
Monoisotopic: 39.992509329 - Chemical Formula
- HNaO
- Synonyms
- caustic soda
- lye
- soda lye
- sodio hidróxido
- sodium hydrate
- Sodium hydroxide
- white caustic
- External IDs
- E-524
- INS-524
- NSC-135799
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used to destroy or kill the nail matrix (matrixectomies) 4.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Dehydration hypertonic Combination Product in combination with: Magnesium chloride (DB09407), Potassium chloride (DB00761), Calcium chloride (DB01164), Sodium chloride (DB09153), Dextrose, unspecified form (DB09341), Malic acid (DB12751) •••••••••••• •••••••• Used in combination to treat Isotonic dehydration Combination Product in combination with: Malic acid (DB12751), Dextrose, unspecified form (DB09341), Potassium chloride (DB00761), Sodium chloride (DB09153), Calcium chloride (DB01164), Magnesium chloride (DB09407) •••••••••••• •••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Sodium Hydroxide 10% forms a strongly alkaline and caustic solution. As a caustic agent, it is used to destroy organic tissue by chemical action 4.
- Mechanism of action
Because of its high-level alkalinity, sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution directly causes bond breakage in proteins (especially disulfide bridges). Hair and fingernails are found to be dissolved after 20 hours of direct contact with sodium hydroxide at pH values higher than 9.2 8.
Sodium hydroxide has depilatory effects which have been described after accidental contact with solutions in the workplace. The breakage of bonds in proteins may lead to severe necrosis to the application site. The level of corrosion depends on the period of contact with the tissue, and on the concentration of sodium hydroxide 8.
- Absorption
There are no quantitative data for the absorption of sodium hydroxide through the skin. Solutions which contain 50 % sodium hydroxide have been shown to be corrosive and lethal when applied dermally to mice 9.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Human poisoning cases indicate that a dose of 10 grams orally is fatal 5. Sodium hydroxide is toxic by oral ingestion 2.
Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to all tissues. Concentrated vapors lead to serious damage to the eyes and respiratory system. Oral ingestion of sodium hydroxide, which occurs frequently in children, causes severe tissue necrosis, with stricture formation of the esophagus, often resulting in death. Contact with the skin may result in contact dermatitis, hair loss, as well as necrosis due to severe irritation 7.
Increased incidence of esophageal carcinoma after severe intoxication with sodium hydroxide has been reported in man. In animal studies, long-term dermal contact with substances leading to pH changes in the skin causes the development of tumors, as a result of severe tissue irritation and reparative cell growth 9.
Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. May cause damage to the following organs: mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes MSDS. Tumors are not to be expected if the effects of irritation are prevented 9.
To date, there are no relevant studies of the prenatal toxic effects of sodium hydroxide 9.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Sodium cation ionic LYR4M0NH37 17341-25-2 FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Sodium Hydroxide Liquid .01 g/1g Topical Gordon Laboratories 2010-07-16 Not applicable US 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Aminoplasmal B. Braun 10%E Solution for Intravenous Infusion Sodium hydroxide (0.36 g/1000ml) + Alanine (10.5 g/1000ml) + Arginine (11.5 g/1000ml) + Aspartic acid (5.6 g/1000ml) + Glutamic acid (7.2 g/1000ml) + Glycine (12 g/1000ml) + Histidine (3 g/1000ml) + Isoleucine (5 g/1000ml) + Leucine (8.9 g/1000ml) + Lysine hydrochloride (8.56 g/1000ml) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.508 g/1000ml) + Methionine (4.4 g/1000ml) + Phenylalanine (4.7 g/1000ml) + Potassium acetate (2.453 g/1000ml) + Proline (5.5 g/1000ml) + Serine (2.3 g/1000ml) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.858 g/1000ml) + Sodium phosphate, dibasic dodecahydrate (3.581 g/1000ml) + Threonine (4.2 g/1000ml) + Tryptophan (1.6 g/1000ml) + Tyrosine (0.4 g/1000ml) + Valine (6.2 g/1000ml) Injection, solution Intravenous B.BRAUN MEDICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia 
AMINOPLASMAL B.BRAUN 10% E SOLUTION FOR INFUSION Sodium hydroxide (0.360 g/1000ml) + Alanine (10.50 g/1000ml) + Arginine (11.50 g/1000ml) + Aspartic acid (5.60 g/1000ml) + Glutamic acid (7.20 g/1000ml) + Glycine (12.00 g/1000ml) + Histidine (3.00 g/1000ml) + Isoleucine (5.00 g/1000ml) + Leucine (8.90 g/1000ml) + Lysine hydrochloride (8.56 g/1000ml) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.508 g/1000ml) + Methionine (4.40 g/1000ml) + Phenylalanine (4.70 g/1000ml) + Potassium acetate (2.453 g/1000ml) + Proline (5.50 g/1000ml) + Serine (2.30 g/1000ml) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.858 g/1000ml) + Sodium phosphate, dibasic dodecahydrate (3.581 g/1000ml) + Threonine (4.20 g/1000ml) + Tryptophan (1.60 g/1000ml) + Tyrosine (0.40 g/1000ml) + Valine (6.20 g/1000ml) Solution Intravenous B. BRAUN SINGAPORE PTE LTD 2018-01-23 Not applicable Singapore 
AMINOPLASMAL-10% E INFUSION Sodium hydroxide (0.2 g/l) + Acetylcysteine (0.5 g/l) + Alanine (13.7 g/l) + Arginine (9.2 g/l) + Asparagine (3.27 g/l) + Aspartic acid (1.3 g/l) + Glutamic acid (4.6 g/l) + Glycine (7.9 g/l) + Histidine (5.2 g/l) + Isoleucine (5.1 g/l) + Leucine (8.9 g/l) + Lysine hydrochloride (5.6 g/l) + Magnesium acetate (0.56 g/l) + Malic acid (1.01 g/l) + Methionine (3.8 g/l) + N-acetyltyrosine (1 g/l) + Ornithine hydrochloride (2.51 g/l) + Phenylalanine (5.1 g/l) + Potassium acetate (2.45 g/l) + Proline (8.9 g/l) + Serine (2.4 g/l) + Sodium acetate (3.95 g/l) + Sodium phosphate, monobasic (1.4 g/l) + Threonine (4.1 g/l) + Tryptophan (1.8 g/l) + Tyrosine (0.3 g/l) + Valine (4.8 g/l) Injection Intravenous B. BRAUN SINGAPORE PTE LTD 1991-05-13 Not applicable Singapore AMINOPLASMAL-5% E INFUSION Sodium hydroxide (0.2 g/1000ml) + Acetylcysteine (0.25 g/1000ml) + Alanine (6.85 g/1000ml) + Arginine (4.6 g/1000ml) + Asparagine (1.64 g/1000ml) + Aspartic acid (0.65 g/1000ml) + Glutamic acid (2.3 g/1000ml) + Glycine (3.95 g/1000ml) + Histidine (2.6 g/1000ml) + Isoleucine (2.55 g/1000ml) + Leucine (4.45 g/1000ml) + Lysine hydrochloride (2.8 g/1000ml) + Magnesium acetate (0.56 g/1000ml) + Malic acid (1.01 g/1000ml) + Methionine (1.9 g/1000ml) + N-acetyltyrosine (0.35 g/1000ml) + Ornithine hydrochloride (1.25 g/1000ml) + Phenylalanine (2.55 g/1000ml) + Potassium acetate (2.45 g/1000ml) + Proline (4.45 g/1000ml) + Serine (1.2 g/1000ml) + Sodium acetate (3.95 g/1000ml) + Sodium phosphate, monobasic (1.4 g/1000ml) + Threonine (2.05 g/1000ml) + Tryptophan (0.9 g/1000ml) + Tyrosine (0.3 g/1000ml) + Valine (2.4 g/1000ml) Injection Intravenous B. BRAUN SINGAPORE PTE LTD 1991-05-13 Not applicable Singapore AMINOPLASMAL® 10% E Sodium hydroxide (0.36 g) + Alanine (10.5 g) + Arginine (11.5 g) + Aspartic acid (5.6 g) + Glutamic acid (7.2 g) + Glycine (12 g) + Histidine (3 g) + Isoleucine (5 g) + Leucine (8.9 g) + Lysine hydrochloride (8.56 g) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.508 g) + Phenylalanine (4.7 g) + Potassium acetate (2.453 g) + Proline (5.5 g) + Racemethionine (4.4 g) + Serine (2.3 g) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.858 g) + Sodium phosphate, dibasic dodecahydrate (3.581 g) + Threonine (4.2 g) + Tryptophan (1.6 g) + Tyrosine (0.4 g) + Valine (6.2 g) Solution Intravenous B. BRAUN MEDICAL S.A. 2015-07-27 Not applicable Colombia 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Sodium Hydroxide Sodium hydroxide (.01 g/1g) Liquid Topical Gordon Laboratories 2010-07-16 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal hydroxides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is hydroxide, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
- Class
- Alkali metal oxoanionic compounds
- Sub Class
- Alkali metal hydroxides
- Direct Parent
- Alkali metal hydroxides
- Alternative Parents
- Inorganic sodium salts / Inorganic oxides / Inorganic hydrides
- Substituents
- Alkali metal hydroxide / Inorganic hydride / Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt / Inorganic sodium salt
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- alkali metal hydroxide (CHEBI:32145)
- Affected organisms
- Humans
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 55X04QC32I
- CAS number
- 1310-73-2
- InChI Key
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1
- IUPAC Name
- sodium hydroxide
- SMILES
- [OH-].[Na+]
References
- General References
- Bauman PA, Lawrence LA, Biesert L, Dichtelmuller H, Fabbrizzi F, Gajardo R, Groner A, Jorquera JI, Kempf C, Kreil TR, von Hoegen I, Pifat DY, Petteway SR Jr, Cai K: Critical factors influencing prion inactivation by sodium hydroxide. Vox Sang. 2006 Jul;91(1):34-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00790.x. [Article]
- Sodium Hydroxide, PubChem [Link]
- FDA document, Sodium Hydroxide [Link]
- Sodium Hydroxide Solution [Link]
- EPA, Sodium Hydroxide [Link]
- Chemical Safety Facts, Sodium Hydroxide [Link]
- SODIUM HYDROXIDE [Link]
- Sodium Hydroxide [Link]
- Chlorine and sodium hydroxide [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Compound
- C12569
- PubChem Compound
- 14798
- PubChem Substance
- 347827921
- ChemSpider
- 14114
- 9880
- ChEBI
- 32145
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL2105794
- Wikipedia
- Sodium_hydroxide
- MSDS
- Download (50.8 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Heart Failure 1 4 Completed Treatment Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) / Psoriasis 1 4 Completed Treatment Thyroid Eye Disease 1 3 Completed Treatment Critically Ill Patients 1 3 Completed Treatment Parenteral Nutrition for Patients With Proven Insufficient Enteral Resorption 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution Intravenous 10.50 g/1000ml Injection Intravenous 0.5 g/l Injection Intravenous 0.25 g/1000ml Liquid Topical Suspension Subcutaneous 2.000 mg Solution Extracorporeal Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 600 mg Injection Intravenous Emulsion Intravenous 0.468 g Solution Parenteral 0.080 mg Solution Intravenous Solution Parenteral Emulsion Parenteral Emulsion Intravenous Injection, solution Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.656 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 6.792 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous Injection, solution Intravenous Liquid Topical .01 g/1g Suspension - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 323 MSDS boiling point (°C) 1388 MSDS water solubility easily soluble in cold water, hot water MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP -0.77 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.09 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 0 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 1.78 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 111.38988 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 113.22337 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 120.548965 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:52