Zinc gluconate

Identification

Summary

Zinc gluconate is an ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins.

Generic Name

Zinc gluconate

DrugBank Accession Number

DB11248

Background

Zinc gluconate is a zinc salt of gluconic acid comprised of two gluconic acid molecules for each zinc cation (2+). Zinc gluconate is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance by FDA ⁹. It is available as a trace mineral supplement and over the counter as a lozenge form for a reduced duration of common colds and with decreased symptom severity.

Although it has been nasally administered for treating the common cold, this route of administration has been associated with some cases of anosmia ⁵, ¹, ², ⁷.

Studies show that zinc may be better absorbed in humans in the gluconate form ⁴, ¹⁹, however, results from other studies may vary.^6,10

Interestingly, zinc supplementation has become a critical intervention for treating diarrheal episodes in children. Studies suggest that administration of zinc along with new low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions/salts (oral rehydration solution), may reduce both the duration and severity of diarrheal episodes for up to 12 weeks ⁸.

More information about Zinc (in its natural form) is available at Zinc.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Vet approved

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 455.67
Monoisotopic: 454.030097
Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₄Zn

Synonyms

Zinc gluconate

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Pharmacology

Indication

Zinc gluconate is mainly indicated in conditions like zinc deficiency, and can also be administered in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in diarrhea ¹⁵.

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Treatment of	Zinc deficiency		••••••••••••			•••••••••
Treatment of	Zinc deficiency		••• •••			•••••••• ••••••

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Zinc is an important mineral found in almost every cell in the human body. It promotes the activity of about 100 enzymes. Zinc deficiency is often associated with an increased risk of infection. When they are used to treat the common cold, zinc supplements may interfere with rhinovirus cleavage or adhesion and may play a role in protecting plasma membranes from microbial toxins and complement ¹³.

Mechanism of action

Although the mechanism of action is not completely known, zinc supplementation may be used to increase immunity against viruses or may interfere with the replication of certain viruses, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV) ⁷.

Absorption

Please refer to DrugBank entry Zinc

Volume of distribution

Stored primarily in skeletal muscle and bone ¹³.

Protein binding

Please refer to DrugBank entry Zinc

Metabolism

Please refer to DrugBank entry Zinc

Route of elimination

Feces and urine ¹³

Half-life

280 days ¹⁸

Clearance

Please refer to DrugBank entry Zinc

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth irritation have been reported in patients ingesting zinc gluconate tablets that were dissolved in the mouth for management the common cold ¹¹.

Zinc crosses the placenta and is found the cord blood and placenta. Fetal concentrations are regulated by the placenta ¹¹.

For more information, refer to Please refer to DrugBank entry Zinc.

Acute: 1290 mg/kg in mouse ¹²

Pathways

Not Available

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Interactions

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This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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Carbamazepine	Zinc gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Carbamazepine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ceftibuten	Zinc gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ceftibuten resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Cephalexin	Zinc gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cephalexin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Cinoxacin	Zinc gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cinoxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ciprofloxacin	Zinc gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ciprofloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.

Food Interactions

Avoid milk and dairy products. Separate the use of zinc from these products by at least 2 hours before administration. Separate for 2 hours after administration if these products also contain phosphorus.
Do not take with bran and high fiber foods. For optimal absorption, take zinc at least 2 hours before or after eating high-fiber foods.
Take on an empty stomach. Take at least 1 hour before and 2 hours after eating for optimal absorption. Zinc can be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.

Products

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Zinc gluconate trihydrate	F2F0XU34WQ	12389-19-4	ZPQPBMFYUZNVPE-BMDZSJGYSA-L

Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Zinc cation	ionic	13S1S8SF37	23713-49-7	PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
ZINC INJECTABLE A 1mg/ml, solution injectable pour perfusion	Injection, solution	1 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Laboratoire Aguettant	2013-10-01	Not applicable

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Chelated Mega Zinc Tab 75mg	Tablet	75 mg / tab	Oral	Rheingold Food International Ltd.	1985-12-31	2001-07-06
Chelated Zinc Tab 25mg	Tablet	25 mg / tab	Oral	Rheingold Food International Ltd.	1985-12-31	1996-09-16
Chelated Zinc Tab 50mg	Tablet	50 mg	Oral	Nutra Research Intl Ltd.	1986-12-31	2006-08-04
Chewable Zinc Wafers 10mg	Tablet	10 mg	Oral	Shaklee Corporation	1986-12-31	2003-07-25
Fisherman's Friend Zinc Lozenges	Lozenge	5 mg / loz	Oral	Lofthouse Of Fleetwood Ltd.	1999-08-15	2003-06-20

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
A+ Zinc Tab	Zinc gluconate (3 mg / tab) + Fish liver oil (10000 unit / tab) + Zinc oxide (12 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Nutrilite, A Division Of Access Business Group, Llc	1983-12-31	2001-06-29
ADDEL JUNIOR Konzentrat zur Herstellung einer Infusionslösung	Zinc gluconate (697 μg/ml) + Copper gluconate (142.8 μg/ml) + Manganese gluconate (4.052 μg/ml) + Potassium Iodide (1.308 μg/ml) + Sodium selenite (4.381 μg/ml)	Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous	Laboratoire Aguettant	2017-05-17	Not applicable
Adeks Tablets	Zinc gluconate (7.5 mg) + Ascorbic acid (60 mg) + Beta carotene (3 mg) + Biotin (50 mcg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Cyanocobalamin (12 mcg) + Folic acid (0.2 mg) + Niacin (10 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg) + Phylloquinone (0.15 mg) + Pyridoxine (1.5 mg) + Riboflavin (1.3 mg) + Thiamine (1.2 mg) + Vitamin A palmitate (4000 unit) + Vitamin E (150 unit)	Tablet	Oral	Axcan Pharma	1998-01-20	2011-04-20
Adrenergy Tablets	Zinc gluconate (5 mg) + Ascorbic acid (150 mg) + Manganese (1 mg) + Nicotinamide (80 mg) + Pantothenic acid (60 mg)	Tablet	Oral	Morter Healthsystem	Not applicable	Not applicable
ANFEZINC - G SURUP	Zinc gluconate (15 mg/5mL) + Ferrous gluconate (40 mg/5mL)	Syrup	Oral	BERAT BERAN İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ.	2012-08-27	2024-01-23

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Floriva	Zinc gluconate (5 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (75 mg/1) + Beta carotene (1000 [iU]/1) + Biotin (40 ug/1) + Cholecalciferol (600 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (6 ug/1) + Folic acid (100 ug/1) + Levomefolate glucosamine (162 ug/1) + Nicotinamide (15 mg/1) + Pyridoxine (1.8 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.5 mg/1) + Sodium fluoride (0.5 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (1.3 mg/1) + Vitamin A acetate (1000 [iU]/1) + Vitamin E (20 [iU]/1)	Tablet, chewable	Oral	BonGeo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2014-10-15	Not applicable
Floriva	Zinc gluconate (5 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (75 mg/1) + Beta carotene (1000 [iU]/1) + Biotin (40 ug/1) + Cholecalciferol (600 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (6 ug/1) + Folic acid (100 ug/1) + Levomefolate glucosamine (162 ug/1) + Nicotinamide (15 mg/1) + Pyridoxine (1.8 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.5 mg/1) + Sodium fluoride (1 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (1.3 mg/1) + Vitamin A acetate (1000 [iU]/1) + Vitamin E (20 [iU]/1)	Tablet, chewable	Oral	BonGeo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2014-10-15	Not applicable
Floriva	Zinc gluconate (5 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (75 mg/1) + Beta carotene (1000 [iU]/1) + Biotin (40 ug/1) + Cholecalciferol (600 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (6 ug/1) + Folic acid (100 ug/1) + Levomefolate glucosamine (162 ug/1) + Nicotinamide (15 mg/1) + Pyridoxine (1.8 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.5 mg/1) + Sodium fluoride (0.25 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (1.3 mg/1) + Vitamin A acetate (1000 [iU]/1) + Vitamin E (20 [iU]/1)	Tablet, chewable	Oral	BonGeo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2015-09-10	Not applicable
ZINC INJECTABLE A 1mg/ml, solution injectable pour perfusion	Zinc gluconate trihydrate (1 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Laboratoire Aguettant	2013-10-01	Not applicable
Zyvana	Zinc gluconate (23 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (527 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.041 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12 mg/1) + Selenium (0.097 mg/1)	Capsule	Oral	Sterling-Knight Pharmaceuticals, LLC	2021-02-22	Not applicable

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: U6WSN5SQ1Z
CAS number: 4468-02-4
InChI Key: WHMDKBIGKVEYHS-IYEMJOQQSA-L
InChI: InChI=1S/2C6H12O7.Zn/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-,3-,4+,5-;/m11./s1
IUPAC Name: zinc(2+) ion bis((2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate)
SMILES: [Zn++].[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)C([O-])=O.[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)C([O-])=O

References

General References

Marshall S: Zinc gluconate and the common cold. Review of randomized controlled trials. Can Fam Physician. 1998 May;44:1037-42. [Article]
Farr BM, Conner EM, Betts RF, Oleske J, Minnefor A, Gwaltney JM Jr: Two randomized controlled trials of zinc gluconate lozenge therapy of experimentally induced rhinovirus colds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987 Aug;31(8):1183-7. [Article]
McElroy BH, Miller SP: Effectiveness of zinc gluconate glycine lozenges (Cold-Eeze) against the common cold in school-aged subjects: a retrospective chart review. Am J Ther. 2002 Nov-Dec;9(6):472-5. [Article]
Siepmann M, Spank S, Kluge A, Schappach A, Kirch W: The pharmacokinetics of zinc from zinc gluconate: a comparison with zinc oxide in healthy men. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Dec;43(12):562-5. [Article]
Heckmann SM, Hujoel P, Habiger S, Friess W, Wichmann M, Heckmann JG, Hummel T: Zinc gluconate in the treatment of dysgeusia--a randomized clinical trial. J Dent Res. 2005 Jan;84(1):35-8. doi: 10.1177/154405910508400105. [Article]
Wegmuller R, Tay F, Zeder C, Brnic M, Hurrell RF: Zinc absorption by young adults from supplemental zinc citrate is comparable with that from zinc gluconate and higher than from zinc oxide. J Nutr. 2014 Feb;144(2):132-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.181487. Epub 2013 Nov 20. [Article]
Zinc Gluconate [Link]
NCBI [Link]
Code of federal regulations [Link]
Zinc Absorption by Young Adults from Supplemental Zinc Citrate Is Comparable with That from Zinc Gluconate and Higher than from Zinc Oxide [Link]
Zinc Gluconate Toxicity [Link]
Zinc Gluconate, Anhydrous [Link]
Zinc gluconate, Drugs.com [Link]
Zinc Medline Plus [Link]
Drug Info SYS Zinc Gluconate [Link]
Absorption and metabolism of oral zinc gluconate in humans in fasting state, during, and after a meal [Link]
ReductioninDurationofCommon ColdsbyZincGluconate Lozengesina Double-BlindStudy [Link]
Zinc Toxicity in Humans [Link]
The pharmacokinetics of zinc from zinc gluconate: a comparison with zinc oxide in healthy men [Link]

External Links

PubChem Compound: 443445
PubChem Substance: 347827951
ChemSpider: 391659
RxNav: 58300
ChEBI: 29708
ChEMBL: CHEMBL3833377
Wikipedia: Zinc_gluconate

MSDS

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Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Wilson's Disease	1
3	Completed	Other	Gastroenteritis	1
3	Completed	Supportive Care	Death / Diarrhea / Meningitis / Pneumonia / Sepsis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Herpes Simplex Labialis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Renal Insufficiency,Chronic / Trace Element Deficiency / Trace Element Excess / Zinc Deficiency	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Powder, for solution	Oral
Capsule	Oral	50 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral	10 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral	20 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	75 mg / tab
Tablet	Oral	25 mg / tab
Tablet, film coated
Tablet, coated	Oral
Capsule, gelatin coated	Oral
Powder	Oral
Liquid	Oral
Lozenge	Oral	5 mg / loz
Tablet, chewable	Oral
Lozenge	Oral	5 mg
Syrup	Oral
Tablet	Oral
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Tablet	Oral
Solution	Oral
Solution	Oral	1.188 g
Capsule	Oral	500 mg/1
Capsule	Oral	2.5 mg / cap
Solution, concentrate	Intravenous
Tablet, extended release	Oral
Capsule	Oral
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous
Lozenge	Oral	13.3 mg / loz
Tablet	Oral	10 mg
Pill		50 mg
Capsule	Oral	50 mg / cap
Tablet	Oral	30 mg / tab
Tablet	Oral	1.37 mg / tab
Tablet	Oral	10 mg / tab
Injection, solution	Intravenous	1 mg/1mL
Lozenge	Oral	9.9 mg / loz
Lozenge	Oral	10 mg / loz
Tablet	Oral	20 mg / tab
Tablet	Oral	20 mg
Tablet	Oral	50 mg / tab
Lozenge	Oral
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous	1 mg/ml
Tablet, film coated	Oral	70 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	140 mg
Tablet	Oral	174 mg
Tablet	Oral	15 mg
Capsule	Oral	25 mg
Tablet	Oral	25 mg
Tablet	Oral	50 mg

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	moderately soluble	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	40.0 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-2	ALOGPS
logP	-3.4	Chemaxon
logS	-1.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.39	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	-1	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	7	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	141.28 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	10	Chemaxon
Refractivity	49.11 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	16.62 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST): Not Available
Spectra: Not Available
Chromatographic Properties: Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at February 03, 2022 06:26

Zinc gluconate

Identification

Structure for Zinc gluconate (DB11248)

Pharmacology

Interactions

Products

Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)