Identification
- Generic Name
- Curcumin
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11672
- Background
Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is an active component in the golden spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) and in Curcuma xanthorrhiza oil. It is a highly pleiotropic molecule that exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, wound-healing, and antimicrobial activities 1. Due to these properties, curcumin has been investigated for the treatment and supportive care of clinical conditions including proteinuria, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, depression, and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Despite proven efficacy against numerous experimental models, poor bioavailability due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination have been shown to limit the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin 1. Curcumin is under investigation for the treatment and supportive care of various clinical conditions including mucositis, rectal cancer, prostate cancer, chronic schizophrenia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) 1.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Curcumin (DB11672)
- Weight
- Average: 368.3799
Monoisotopic: 368.125988372 - Chemical Formula
- C21H20O6
- Synonyms
- Curcumin
- Diferuloylmethane
- External IDs
- E 100
- E-100
- E100
- INS NO. 100(I)
- INS-100(I)
- NSC-32982
Pharmacology
- Indication
No approved therapeutic indications.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Intravenous application of 25 mg/kg bw curcumin to rats resulted in an increase in bile flow by 80 and 120% 3. In the rat model of inflammation, curcumin was shown to inhibit edema formation. In nude mouse that had been injected subcutaneously with prostate cancer cells, administration of curcumin caused a marked decrease in the extent of cell proliferation, a significant increase of apoptosis and micro-vessel density 3. Curcumin may exert choleretic effects by increasing biliary excretion of bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin, as well as increasing bile solubility 3. Curcumin inhibited arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in vitro 3.
- Mechanism of action
Curcumin acts as a scavenger of oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and singlet oxygen and inhibit lipid peroxidation as well as peroxide-induced DNA damage 3. Curcumin mediates potent anti-inflammatory agent and anti-carcinogenic actions via modulating various signalling molecules. It suppresses a number of key elements in cellular signal transduction pathways pertinent to growth, differentiation, and malignant transformation; it was demonstrated in vitro that curcumin inhibits protein kinases, c-Jun/AP-1 activation, prostaglandin biosynthesis, and the activity and expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 3.
Target Actions Organism UPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Not Available Humans UVitamin D3 receptor Not Available Humans UMultidrug resistance-associated protein 5 inhibitorHumans UCarbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 Not Available Humans UGlutathione S-transferase P Not Available Humans - Absorption
Curcumin displays poor absorption into the gastrointestinal tract. In a rat study, oral administration of a single dose of 2 g of curcumin resulted in a plasma concentration of less than 5 μg/mL, indicating poor absorption from the gut 3.
- Volume of distribution
Following oral administration of radio-labelled curcumin to rats, radioactivity was detected in the liver and kidneys 3.
- Protein binding
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Metabolism
Initially, curcumin undergoes rapid intestinal metabolism to form curcumin glucuronide and curcumin sulfate via O-conjugation. Other metabolites formed include tetrahydrocurcumin, hexahydrocurcumin, and hexahydrocurcuminol via reduction 3. Curcumin may also undergo intensive second metabolism in the liver where the major metabolites were glucuronides of tetrahydrocurcumin and hexahydrocurcumin, with dihydroferulic acid and traces of ferulic acid as further metabolites 3. Hepatic metabolites are expected to be excreted in the bile 3. Certain curcumin metabolites, such as tetrahydrocurcumin, retain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties 3.
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Following oral administration of curcumin to rats at a dose of 1 g/kg bw, about 75% of dose was excreted in the faeces and only traces of the compound was detected in the urine 3. When a single 400 mg dose of curcumin was administered orally to rats, about 60% was absorbed and 40% was excreted unchanged in the faeces over an period of 5 days 3. Intraperitoneal administration resulted in fecal excretion of 73% and biliary excretion of 11% 3.
- Half-life
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Clearance
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
In an acute oral toxicity study in mouse, LD50 was >2000 mg/kg MSDS. Single oral doses of curcumin at 1-5 g/kg bw induced no toxic effects in rats 3. There has been no cases of overdose reported 3.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The metabolism of 1,2-Benzodiazepine can be decreased when combined with Curcumin. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Curcumin. Abiraterone The metabolism of Abiraterone can be decreased when combined with Curcumin. Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be decreased when combined with Curcumin. Acebutolol The metabolism of Acebutolol can be decreased when combined with Curcumin. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Victory 19 Virus Out Liquid 0.5 g/1mL Oral CHANGJAE BENKO BIO Co., Ltd. 2022-03-10 Not applicable US 
Victory 19 Virus Out Liquid 0.5 g/1mL Oral CHANGJAE BENKO BIO Co., Ltd. 2021-09-21 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Kaydia Patch Curcumin (1 g/100g) + Arnica montana flower (0.5 g/100g) + Ginger (0.5 g/100g) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (2 g/100g) + Piperine (0.2 g/100g) + Pyridoxine (1 g/100g) + Thiamine chloride (1 g/100g) Patch Topical Strong Current Enterprises Limited 2020-05-01 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Kaydia Patch Curcumin (1 g/100g) + Arnica montana flower (0.5 g/100g) + Ginger (0.5 g/100g) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (2 g/100g) + Piperine (0.2 g/100g) + Pyridoxine (1 g/100g) + Thiamine chloride (1 g/100g) Patch Topical Strong Current Enterprises Limited 2020-05-01 Not applicable US Victory 19 Virus Out Curcumin (0.5 g/1mL) Liquid Oral CHANGJAE BENKO BIO Co., Ltd. 2022-03-10 Not applicable US Victory 19 Virus Out Curcumin (0.5 g/1mL) Liquid Oral CHANGJAE BENKO BIO Co., Ltd. 2021-09-21 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Alkanes
- Analgesics
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Antirheumatic Agents
- Benzene Derivatives
- Catechols
- Coloring Agents
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Diarylheptanoids
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Heptanes
- Hydrocarbons, Acyclic
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Phenols
- Sensory System Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as curcuminoids. These are aromatic compounds containing a curcumin moiety, which is composed of two aryl buten-2-one (feruloyl) chromophores joined by a methylene group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
- Class
- Diarylheptanoids
- Sub Class
- Linear diarylheptanoids
- Direct Parent
- Curcuminoids
- Alternative Parents
- Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Methoxyphenols / Styrenes / Phenoxy compounds / Methoxybenzenes / Anisoles / Beta-diketones / Alkyl aryl ethers / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Enones show 4 more
- Substituents
- 1,3-dicarbonyl compound / 1,3-diketone / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Acryloyl-group / Alkyl aryl ether / Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone / Anisole / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group show 16 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- aromatic ether, enone, polyphenol, beta-diketone, diarylheptanoid (CHEBI:3962)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- IT942ZTH98
- CAS number
- 458-37-7
- InChI Key
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C21H20O6/c1-26-20-11-14(5-9-18(20)24)3-7-16(22)13-17(23)8-4-15-6-10-19(25)21(12-15)27-2/h3-12,24-25H,13H2,1-2H3/b7-3+,8-4+
- IUPAC Name
- (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
- SMILES
- COC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C2=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C2)=CC=C1O
References
- General References
- Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB: Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS J. 2013 Jan;15(1):195-218. doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8. Epub 2012 Nov 10. [Article]
- Lopes-Rodrigues V, Sousa E, Vasconcelos MH: Curcumin as a Modulator of P-Glycoprotein in Cancer: Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016 Nov 10;9(4). pii: ph9040071. doi: 10.3390/ph9040071. [Article]
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
- External Links
- PDB Entries
- 6hdr
- MSDS
- Download (48 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Bleeding / Breakthrough Bleeding / Implants 1 4 Completed Treatment Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease （ADPKD) 1 4 Completed Treatment Chronic Schizophrenia 1 4 Completed Treatment Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 1 4 Completed Treatment Periodontitis 2
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Patch Topical Liquid Oral 0.5 g/1mL - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 183 MSDS water solubility Insoluble in cold water MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00575 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.62 ALOGPS logP 4.12 Chemaxon logS -4.8 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 9.08 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.4 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 93.06 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 8 Chemaxon Refractivity 103.81 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 38.12 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 228.7768835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 228.8447835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 228.8214835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 229.2853835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 228.9663835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 184.98848 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 229.8095835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 209.2882119 predictedDarkChem Standard v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 232.2334835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 230.3873835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 229.2603835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 187.34648 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 229.5451835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 228.6890835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 229.1596835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 229.1553835 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 193.79266 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE...
- Gene Name
- PPARG
- Uniprot ID
- P37231
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Molecular Weight
- 57619.58 Da
References
- Nishiyama T, Mae T, Kishida H, Tsukagawa M, Mimaki Y, Kuroda M, Sashida Y, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K, Kitahara M: Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Feb 23;53(4):959-63. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear hormone receptor. Transcription factor that mediates the action of vitamin D3 by controlling the expression of hormone sensitive genes. Recruited to promoters via its interaction with BAZ1B...
- Gene Name
- VDR
- Uniprot ID
- P11473
- Uniprot Name
- Vitamin D3 receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 48288.64 Da
References
- Bartik L, Whitfield GK, Kaczmarska M, Lowmiller CL, Moffet EW, Furmick JK, Hernandez Z, Haussler CA, Haussler MR, Jurutka PW: Curcumin: a novel nutritionally derived ligand of the vitamin D receptor with implications for colon cancer chemoprevention. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Dec;21(12):1153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.09.012. Epub 2010 Feb 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Acts as a multispecific organic anion pump which can transport nucleotide analogs.
- Gene Name
- ABCC5
- Uniprot ID
- O15440
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5
- Molecular Weight
- 160658.8 Da
References
- Prehm P: Curcumin analogue identified as hyaluronan export inhibitor by virtual docking to the ABC transporter MRP5. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Dec;62:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.028. Epub 2013 Aug 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Curator comments
- Non-competitive inhibitor
- General Function
- Prostaglandin-e2 9-reductase activity
- Specific Function
- NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate specificity. Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds including quinones, prostaglandins, menadione, plus various xenobiotics. ...
- Gene Name
- CBR1
- Uniprot ID
- P16152
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1
- Molecular Weight
- 30374.73 Da
References
- Hintzpeter J, Hornung J, Ebert B, Martin HJ, Maser E: Curcumin is a tight-binding inhibitor of the most efficient human daunorubicin reductase--Carbonyl reductase 1. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Jun 5;234:162-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.019. Epub 2014 Dec 22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Curator comments
- Irreversibly inhibits the enzyme via covalent modification at high concentrations. At low concentrations enzyme activity may be modified but not entirely inhibited by covalent binding.
- General Function
- S-nitrosoglutathione binding
- Specific Function
- Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration.
- Gene Name
- GSTP1
- Uniprot ID
- P09211
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione S-transferase P
- Molecular Weight
- 23355.625 Da
References
- van Iersel ML, Ploemen JP, Lo Bello M, Federici G, van Bladeren PJ: Interactions of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones with human glutathione S-transferase P1-1. Chem Biol Interact. 1997 Dec 12;108(1-2):67-78. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Curcumin is expected to be a moderate to strong inhibitor of CYP 2C9.
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Volak LP, Ghirmai S, Cashman JR, Court MH: Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1594-605. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552. Epub 2008 May 14. [Article]
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Volak LP, Ghirmai S, Cashman JR, Court MH: Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1594-605. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552. Epub 2008 May 14. [Article]
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Glutathione transferase activity
- Specific Function
- Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.
- Gene Name
- GSTA1
- Uniprot ID
- P08263
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione S-transferase A1
- Molecular Weight
- 25630.785 Da
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.
- Gene Name
- GSTM1
- Uniprot ID
- P09488
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1
- Molecular Weight
- 25711.555 Da
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- S-nitrosoglutathione binding
- Specific Function
- Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration.
- Gene Name
- GSTP1
- Uniprot ID
- P09211
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione S-transferase P
- Molecular Weight
- 23355.625 Da
References
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Lopes-Rodrigues V, Sousa E, Vasconcelos MH: Curcumin as a Modulator of P-Glycoprotein in Cancer: Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016 Nov 10;9(4). pii: ph9040071. doi: 10.3390/ph9040071. [Article]
- Romiti N, Tongiani R, Cervelli F, Chieli E: Effects of curcumin on P-glycoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Life Sci. 1998;62(25):2349-58. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00216-1. [Article]
- Zhang W, Tan TM, Lim LY: Impact of curcumin-induced changes in P-glycoprotein and CYP3A expression on the pharmacokinetics of peroral celiprolol and midazolam in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Jan;35(1):110-5. doi: 10.1124/dmd.106.011072. Epub 2006 Oct 18. [Article]
- European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Drug created at October 20, 2016 20:38 / Updated at May 15, 2023 23:19