Cabotegravir

Identification

Summary

Cabotegravir is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor used for treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV-1 infection.

Brand Names
Apretude, Vocabria
Generic Name
Cabotegravir
DrugBank Accession Number
DB11751
Background

Cabotegravir, or GSK1265744, is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that is prescribed with the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, rilpivirine.4,6,7 Early research into cabotegravir showed it had lower oral bioavailability than dolutegravir,4 which resulted in the development of long acting monthly intramuscular injection formulation for cabotegravir.4,7

Cabotegravir was granted FDA approval on 21 January 2021 in combination with rilpivirine to treat HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed individuals.8 While previously administered once monthly only, this combination product was granted FDA approval for dosing every two months on February 01, 2022 11 and without the need for an oral lead-in period prior.7

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 405.358
Monoisotopic: 405.113626985
Chemical Formula
C19H17F2N3O5
Synonyms
  • Cabotegravir
External IDs
  • 744 LA
  • GSK 1265744
  • GSK 744
  • GSK-1265744A
  • GSK1265744
  • GSK1265744A
  • GSK744
  • GSK744 LA
  • GSK744 LAP
  • S-265744
  • S/GSK1265744

Pharmacology

Indication

Oral cabotegravir is indicated in combination with rilpivirine for the short-term treatment of HIV-1 in virologically suppressed adults with no history of treatment failure to assess tolerability of cabotegravir or who have missed an injected dose of cabotegravir.6 Intramuscular extended-release cabotegravir in combination with rilpivirine is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older weighing at least 35 kg to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure and with no known or suspected resistance to either cabotegravir or rilpivirine.7

An extended-release injectable suspension formulation of cabotegravir is also indicated for the prevention of sexually-acquired HIV-1 infection (i.e. for pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP) in at-risk adults and adolescents weighing at least 35kg.10

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)Combination Product in combination with: Rilpivirine (DB08864)••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• •• ••••••••• •••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••• •• ••••• •• ••
Used in combination to treatHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)Regimen in combination with: Rilpivirine (DB08864)••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••••• •• ••••••••• •••••••••••••
Treatment ofHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection••••••••••••
Prevention ofHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••• •••• ••••••••• •••••• •• ••••• •• •••••••••••• ••••••••••• •••••••• •••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Cabotegravir is an inhibitor of HIV integrase, which reduces viral replication.6,7 It has a long duration of action as the oral tablet is given daily and the intramuscular suspension is given monthly.6,7 Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of hypersensitivity, hepatotoxicity, and depression.6,7

Mechanism of action

Cabotegravir binds to the active site of HIV integrase, preventing strand transfer of the viral genome into the host genome, and preventing replication of the virus.6,7

TargetActionsOrganism
AIntegrase
inhibitor
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Absorption

Oral cabotegravir has a Tmax of 3 hours, reaches a Cmax of 8.0 µg/mL, and has an AUC of 145 µg*h/mL.6 Intramuscular extended-release cabotegravir has a Tmax of 7 days, reaches a Cmax of 8.0 µg/mL, and has an AUC of 1591 µg*h/mL.7

Volume of distribution

Data regarding the volume of distribution of cabotegravir is not readily available.3,7,9

Protein binding

Cabotegravir is >99.8% bound to proteins in plasma, usually alubmin.5,6

Metabolism

Cabotegravir is O-glucuronidated to the M1 and M2 metabolites, with 67% of glucuronidation performed by UGT1A1, and 33% by UGT1A9.1,2

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

An oral radiolabelled dose of cabotegravir is 58.5% recovered in the feces and 26.8% recovered in the urine.1,2,6

Half-life

The mean half life of oral cabotegravir is 41 hours.6 The mean half life of intramuscular extended-release cabotegravir is 5.6-11.5 weeks.7

Clearance

Data regarding the clearance of cabotegravir is not readily available.3,7,9 Clearance in dogs was 0.34 mL/min/kg and in cynomolgus monkeys was 0.32 mL/min/kg.4

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Data regarding the toxicity of cabotegravir is not readily available.6,7,9 In the event of overdose, patients should have their vital signs monitored, including an ECG to monitor the QT interval.6,7 Treat patients symptomatically and supportively.6,7 As cabotegravir is highly protein bound, dialysis is not expected to remove a significant amount of the drug from plasma.6,7

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcamprosateThe excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Cabotegravir.
AcyclovirThe excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Cabotegravir.
Adefovir dipivoxilThe excretion of Adefovir dipivoxil can be decreased when combined with Cabotegravir.
AdenineThe metabolism of Cabotegravir can be decreased when combined with Adenine.
Adenovirus type 7 vaccine liveThe therapeutic efficacy of Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live can be decreased when used in combination with Cabotegravir.
Food Interactions
  • Take at the same time every day. Take the oral tablets at the same time every day.
  • Take with food. Take the oral tablets with a meal.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Cabotegravir sodium3L12PT535M1051375-13-3AEZBWGMXBKPGFP-KIUAEZIZSA-M
International/Other Brands
Vocabria (ViiV Healthcare)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ApretudeInjection, suspension, extended release; Kit200 mg/1mLIntramuscularViiV Healthcare Company2021-12-20Not applicableUS flag
VocabriaInjection400 mgIntramuscularVii V Healthcare B.V.2021-02-08Not applicableEU flag
VocabriaTablet30 mgOralViiV Healthcare ULC2020-09-21Not applicableCanada flag
VocabriaTablet, film coated30 mgOralVii V Healthcare B.V.2021-02-08Not applicableEU flag
VocabriaTablet, film coated30 mg/1OralViiV Healthcare Company2021-01-21Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
CabenuvaCabotegravir (200 mg/1mL) + Rilpivirine (300 mg/1mL)Injection, suspension, extended release; KitIntramuscularViiV Healthcare Company2021-01-21Not applicableUS flag
CabenuvaCabotegravir (200 mg / mL) + Rilpivirine (300 mg / mL)Kit; Suspension, extended releaseIntramuscularViiV Healthcare ULC2020-09-21Not applicableCanada flag
CabenuvaCabotegravir (200 mg/1mL) + Rilpivirine (300 mg/1mL)Injection, suspension, extended release; KitIntramuscularViiV Healthcare Company2021-01-21Not applicableUS flag
CabenuvaCabotegravir (200 mg / mL) + Rilpivirine (300 mg / mL)Kit; Suspension, extended releaseIntramuscularViiV Healthcare ULC2020-09-21Not applicableCanada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J05AJ04 — Cabotegravir
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a pyridine ring bearing a carboxylic acid group or a derivative thereof.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Pyridines and derivatives
Sub Class
Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
2-heteroaryl carboxamides / Fluorobenzenes / Hydroxypyridines / Aryl fluorides / Vinylogous amides / Vinylogous acids / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Oxazolidines / Lactams
show 8 more
Substituents
2-heteroaryl carboxamide / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl fluoride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Cyclic ketone / Fluorobenzene
show 20 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
HMH0132Z1Q
CAS number
1051375-10-0
InChI Key
WCWSTNLSLKSJPK-LKFCYVNXSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C19H17F2N3O5/c1-9-8-29-14-7-23-6-12(16(25)17(26)15(23)19(28)24(9)14)18(27)22-5-10-2-3-11(20)4-13(10)21/h2-4,6,9,14,26H,5,7-8H2,1H3,(H,22,27)/t9-,14+/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(3R,6S)-N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-10-hydroxy-6-methyl-8,11-dioxo-4-oxa-1,7-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0^{3,7}]trideca-9,12-diene-12-carboxamide
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CN3C=C(C(=O)NCC4=C(F)C=C(F)C=C4)C(=O)C(O)=C3C(=O)N1[C@@H](C)CO2

References

General References
  1. Bowers GD, Culp A, Reese MJ, Tabolt G, Moss L, Piscitelli S, Huynh P, Wagner D, Ford SL, Gould EP, Pan R, Lou Y, Margolis DA, Spreen WR: Disposition and metabolism of cabotegravir: a comparison of biotransformation and excretion between different species and routes of administration in humans. Xenobiotica. 2016;46(2):147-62. doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1060372. Epub 2015 Jul 1. [Article]
  2. Patel M, Eberl HC, Wolf A, Pierre E, Polli JW, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ: Mechanistic Basis of Cabotegravir-Glucuronide Disposition in Humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2019 Aug;370(2):269-277. doi: 10.1124/jpet.119.258384. Epub 2019 Jun 7. [Article]
  3. Spreen W, Min S, Ford SL, Chen S, Lou Y, Bomar M, St Clair M, Piscitelli S, Fujiwara T: Pharmacokinetics, safety, and monotherapy antiviral activity of GSK1265744, an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor. HIV Clin Trials. 2013 Sep-Oct;14(5):192-203. doi: 10.1310/hct1405-192. [Article]
  4. Johns BA, Kawasuji T, Weatherhead JG, Taishi T, Temelkoff DP, Yoshida H, Akiyama T, Taoda Y, Murai H, Kiyama R, Fuji M, Tanimoto N, Jeffrey J, Foster SA, Yoshinaga T, Seki T, Kobayashi M, Sato A, Johnson MN, Garvey EP, Fujiwara T: Carbamoyl pyridone HIV-1 integrase inhibitors 3. A diastereomeric approach to chiral nonracemic tricyclic ring systems and the discovery of dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572) and (S/GSK1265744). J Med Chem. 2013 Jul 25;56(14):5901-16. doi: 10.1021/jm400645w. Epub 2013 Jul 11. [Article]
  5. Shaik JSB, Ford SL, Lou Y, Zhang Z, Bakshi KK, Tenorio AR, Trezza C, Spreen WR, Patel P: A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cabotegravir in Patients With Hepatic Impairment and Healthy Matched Controls. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2019 Jul;8(5):664-673. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.655. Epub 2019 Feb 27. [Article]
  6. FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
  7. FDA Approved Drug Products: Cabenuva (Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine) Intramuscular Extended-Release Suspension [Link]
  8. FDA News Release: FDA Approves First Extended-Release, Injectable Drug Regimen for Adults Living with HIV [Link]
  9. Cayman Chemical: Cabotegravir MSDS [Link]
  10. FDA Approved Drug Products: Apretude (cabotegravir) extended-release suspension for intramuscular injection [Link]
  11. BioSpace News: ViiV Healthcare Announces US FDA Approval of Cabenuva (cabotegravir, rilpivirine) for Use Every Two Months, Expanding the Label of the First and Only Complete Long-Acting HIV Treatment [Link]
  12. FDA Approved Drug Products: APRETUDE (cabotegravir extended-release injectable suspension), for intramuscular use (Jan 2024) [Link]
PubChem Compound
54713659
PubChem Substance
347828108
ChemSpider
30829503
BindingDB
50492496
RxNav
2475077
ChEBI
172944
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2403238
ZINC
ZINC000096927633
Wikipedia
Cabotegravir

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, suspension, extended release; kitIntramuscular200 mg/1mL
Injection, suspension, extended release; kitIntramuscular
Kit; suspension, extended releaseIntramuscular
InjectionIntramuscular400 mg
InjectionIntramuscular600 mg
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular400 MG
Injection, suspensionIntramuscular600 MG
SuspensionIntramuscular600.000 mg
TabletOral30 mg
TabletOral31.620 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral30 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral30 mg/1
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US7125879No2006-10-242022-08-09US flag
US6838464No2005-01-042021-02-26US flag
US8080551No2011-12-202023-04-11US flag
US8410103No2013-04-022026-04-28US flag
US10927129No2021-02-232026-04-28US flag
US11224597No2011-09-152031-09-15US flag
US11389447No2007-06-302027-06-30US flag

Properties

State
Liquid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP1.04Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.04Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.7Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area99.18 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity97.9 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability38.11 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0050900000-70ad65de69676c87f187
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0091100000-3f78e90cd5ff574132eb
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-08fr-0090300000-3e7624bbf52de47042ef
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0hl9-3197300000-0c7954bf622375b8676f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-040a-0192000000-f266ac4fb4031a7c312d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00rf-4539100000-720a71bf535feda2895b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0030900000-c2f28f25d827c763af76
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0091100000-1531a5ef36e47175e865
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0bt9-0071900000-631b4b026e8954e3571c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fb9-1169300000-558ed6fe45cec545b8b1
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0401-0193000000-9b17a0d1f44ac230f95e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0076-3439100000-d907f295ddb983ed13a2
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-191.01923
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M-H]-191.01923
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M-H]-191.01923
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+193.37724
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+193.37724
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+193.37724
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+199.50215
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+199.50215
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+199.50215
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Not Available
Gene Name
pol
Uniprot ID
Q7ZJM1
Uniprot Name
Integrase
Molecular Weight
32226.645 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the...
Gene Name
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID
P22309
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
Molecular Weight
59590.91 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Retinoic acid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
Gene Name
UGT1A9
Uniprot ID
O60656
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
Molecular Weight
59940.495 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Shaik JSB, Ford SL, Lou Y, Zhang Z, Bakshi KK, Tenorio AR, Trezza C, Spreen WR, Patel P: A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cabotegravir in Patients With Hepatic Impairment and Healthy Matched Controls. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2019 Jul;8(5):664-673. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.655. Epub 2019 Feb 27. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. OAT1 and OAT3 (organic anion transporters 1 and 3) [Link]
  2. FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. OAT1 and OAT3 (organic anion transporters 1 and 3) [Link]
  2. FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]

Drug created at October 20, 2016 20:45 / Updated at February 01, 2024 01:51