Ferrous sulfate

Identification

Summary

Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement used to prevent or treat iron deficiency anemia.

Generic Name

Ferrous sulfate anhydrous
Commonly known or available as Ferrous sulfate

DrugBank Accession Number

DB13257

Background

Iron deficiency anemia is a large public health concern worldwide, especially in young children, infants, and women of childbearing age.⁴ This type of anemia occurs when iron intake, iron stores, and iron loss do not adequately support the formation of erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells.⁸

Ferrous sulfate is a synthetic agent used in the treatment of iron deficiency. It is the gold standard of oral iron therapy in the UK and many other countries.^14,18

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

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MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Ferrous sulfate anhydrous (DB13257)

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Weight

Average: 151.908
Monoisotopic: 151.886671311

Chemical Formula

FeO₄S

Synonyms

• iron sulfate (1:1)
• iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous)
• iron(II) sulfate

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Pharmacology

Indication

Ferrous sulfate is used for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adults and children.^4,17,22

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Used in combination to treat	Anaemia folate deficiency	Combination Product in combination with: Folic acid (DB00158)	••••••••••••			••••••• •••• ••••••
Used in combination to prevent	Anaemia folate deficiency	Combination Product in combination with: Folic acid (DB00158)	••••••••••••			••••••• •••• ••••••
Used in combination to prevent	Anemia	Combination Product in combination with: Folic acid (DB00158)	••••••••••••			••••••• •••• ••••••
Used in combination to treat	Anemia	Combination Product in combination with: Folic acid (DB00158)	••••••••••••			••••••• •••• ••••••
Used in combination to treat	Folate deficiency	Combination Product in combination with: Ascorbic acid (DB00126), Folic acid (DB00158)	••••••••••••	•••••	•••••••••	••••••• •••••••• •••••••

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Associated Therapies

• Iron replacement therapy

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Ferrous sulfate replenishes iron, an essential component in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and various enzymes. It replaces the iron that is usually found in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Iron participates in oxygen transport and storage, electron transport and energy metabolism, antioxidant and beneficial pro-oxidant functions, oxygen sensing, tissue proliferation and growth, as well as DNA replication and repair.^6,9

Mechanism of action

Iron is required to maintain optimal health, particularly for helping to form red blood cells (RBC) that carry oxygen around the body. A deficiency in iron indicates that the body cannot produce enough normal red blood cells.^9,22 Iron deficiency anemia occurs when body stores of iron decrease to very low levels, and the stored iron is insufficient to support normal red blood cell (RBC) production. Insufficient dietary iron, impaired iron absorption, bleeding, pregnancy, or loss of iron through the urine can lead to iron deficiency.^9,24 Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include fatigue, breathlessness, palpitations, dizziness, and headache.

Taking iron in supplement form, such as ferrous sulfate, allows for more rapid increases in iron levels when dietary supply and stores are not sufficient.¹² Iron is transported by the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) across the endolysosomal membrane to enter the macrophage. It can then can be incorporated into ferritin and be stored in the macrophage or carried of the macrophage by ferroportin. This exported iron is oxidized by the enzyme to ceruloplasmin to Fe3+, followed by sequestration by transferrin for transport in the serum to various sites, including the bone marrow for hemoglobin synthesis or into the liver.⁶ Iron combines with porphyrin and globin chains to form hemoglobin, which is critical for oxygen delivery from the lungs to other tissues.¹⁹

Target	Actions	Organism
AHemoglobin subunit alpha	binder	Humans
ATransferrin receptor	substrate	Humans

Absorption

Approximately 5 – 10% of dietary iron is absorbed, and this absorption rate increases to up to 30% in iron deficiency states. Oral iron supplements are absorbed up to 60% via active and passive transport processes.¹⁷ Gastrointestinal absorption of iron occurs via strict regulation by the enterocyte and duodenal cytochrome and ferric reductase enzymes.^6,24 The hormone hepcidin heavily regulates iron absorption and distribution throughout the body.²²

The median time to maximum serum concentration (Tmax) is generally 4 hours after administration. Between 2-8 hours post administration, average serum iron concentrations fluctuate by 20%, according to one study.¹ Bioavailability of iron depends on whether it is administered in a film coated tablet or enteric coated tablet. One pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers revealed a 30% bioavailability for enteric coated tablets. The AUC of enteric coated tablets varied between a lower limit of -46.93 to 5.25 µmolxh/l. Cmax is higher for film coated tablets, ranging from 3.4 to 22.1 µmol/h/l.¹⁰

It is advisable to take ferrous sulfate with ascorbic acid, as this practice may increase absorption.^22,24 Avoid antacids, tea, coffee,tea, dairy products, eggs, and whole-grain bread for at least an hour after taking ferrous sulfate. Calcium can decrease iron absorption by 33% if taken concomitantly.¹⁷

Volume of distribution

About 60% of iron is distributed the erythrocytes.⁶ The remainder of the iron is found in muscle tissues (as a part of myoglobin), and in a variety of different enzymes, as well as in storage form. Most stored iron is in the form of ferritin, which can be found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen and, and muscle. Iron crosses the placenta and is also found in breast milk.¹⁷

Protein binding

The protein binding for ferrous sulfate is equal to or greater than 90%.¹⁷ It is bound to transferrin and ferritin, ferroportin, myoglobin, and other enzymes.^22,24 Approximately 60% of iron is located in the erythrocytes as part of hemoglobin.⁶

Metabolism

The metabolism of iron is complex. Normally, iron exists in the ferrous (Fe2+) or ferric (Fe3+) state, but since Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+, which hydrolyzes to insoluble iron(III)hydroxides in neutral aqueous solutions, iron binds to plasma proteins and is either transported or stored throughout the body.⁶

There are three proteins that serve to regulate the storage and transport of ingested iron. The first protein , transferrin, transports iron in both the plasma and extracellular fluid. Ceruloplasmin in the plasma and hephaestin on the enterocyte participate in the oxidation and binding of iron to transferrin. The main role of transferrin is the chelation of iron to prevent the production of reactive oxygen species, while facilitating its transport into cells.²⁴ The transferrin receptor, located on many cells that require iron, binds the transferrin complex and internalizes this complex. Ferritin is a protein that stores iron, making it readily available for body requirements.⁶

Route of elimination

Oral iron is recycled, with some loss in the urine, sweat, and desquamation. Some iron can be lost during menstrual bleeding^9,17 This loss is balanced by changes in intestinal absorption. The enzyme hepcidin promotes the excretion of iron via the sloughing of enterocytes with ferritin stores into the feces.²⁴

Half-life

The half-life of orally administered iron is not readily available in the literature, with total effects lasting 2-4 months (congruent with the red blood cell life span)¹¹ with an onset of action of 4 days and peak activity at 7-10 days.¹⁷

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

The toxicity of ferrous sulfate in humans depends on the amount of iron ingested. Up to 20 mg/kg of elemental iron is not toxic, 20-60 mg/kg has mild toxicity, and more than 60 mg/kg can lead to severe symptoms and morbidity.¹³

Overdose information

Iron containing products are the primary cause of drug overdose in children under 6 years of age.²⁰ Iron is toxic to the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, in addition to central nervous system. The most early reported effects following the excess ingestion of iron include nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and black/tarry stools.¹⁴ Symptoms of overdose in the later stages include bluish lips, fingernails, and palms, drowsiness, tachycardia, seizures, metabolic acidosis, hepatic injury, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Sequelae of iron sulfate overdose include intestinal obstruction, pyloric stenosis, and gastric scarring.¹⁷ If the patient is comatose or seizing, gastric lavage with sodium bicarbonate should be performed. Deferoxamine is the antidote for iron poisoning. Other supportive treatments to support fluid and electrolyte balance and correct metabolic acidosis are also advised.¹⁷ Hospitalization should continue for 24 h after the patient becomes asymptomatic to monitor for delayed onset of shock/gastrointestinal bleeding.

Pathways

Not Available

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Not Available

Interactions

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This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
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Alendronic acid	Ferrous sulfate anhydrous can cause a decrease in the absorption of Alendronic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Almasilate	Almasilate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferrous sulfate anhydrous resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminium phosphate	Aluminium phosphate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferrous sulfate anhydrous resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminum hydroxide	Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferrous sulfate anhydrous resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Asenapine	Asenapine can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferrous sulfate anhydrous resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.

Food Interactions

• Avoid milk and dairy products. Take ferrous sulfate at least 2 hours before or after milk.
• Limit caffeine intake. Food and beverages containing caffeine may reduce iron absorption.
• Take at least 2 hours before or after calcium supplements.
• Take separate from antacids. Take ferrous sulfate at least 2 hours before or after antacids.
• Take with food. This may reduce gastric irritation.
• Take with foods containing vitamin C. Foods rich in vitamin C increase the absorption of iron.

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Ferrous sulfate	39R4TAN1VT	7782-63-0	SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Ferrous sulfate dihydrate	G0Z5449449	10028-21-4	KFJBRJOPXNCARV-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Ferrous sulfate monohydrate	RIB00980VW	17375-41-6	XBDUTCVQJHJTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Ferrous sulfate sesquihydrate	1OA214846O	13463-43-9	JJUUPAANEJLKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-J

Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Iron	unknown	E1UOL152H7	7439-89-6	XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Ferrous cation	ionic	GW89581OWR	15438-31-0	CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Product Images

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International/Other Brands

Anemifer / Aritoferon / Bioron / Blissferon / Caron / Dyaferon / Fe-Plus / Feklon / Feromin / Ferrifol / Ferrocebrina Solucion / Ferrogeme / Ferroglobin / Ferrograd / Ferrolin / Ferrosi / Ferrosi sulfas / Ferrous Sulfate Washington Pharm / Ferrous Sulfate-Minsheng Pharm / Fertonic / Fesyrup / Hierro Fabra / Hierro Richet / Hierro Vannier / Iberol / Inshel / Iron-200 / Jeferin / Kdiron / Kidiron / Pediafer Goutt / Pharmafer / Rhea Ferrous Sulfate / Sulfas Ferrosus / Sulfato Ferroso / Sulfato Ferroso Ecar / Sulfato Ferroso Kronos / Sulfato Ferroso L.Ch. / Sulfato Ferroso Richet / Sulfato Ferroso Sant Gall Friburg / Sulfato Ferroso Valma / TGI / Tibilin / United Home Fersulfate Iron / Valdefer / Vitafer-Fol

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Ferrous Sulfate	Tablet	65 mg/1	Oral	Boca Pharmacal, Inc.	2010-09-14	2018-06-30
Ferrous Sulfate	Tablet	65 mg/1	Oral	Healthlife of Usa	2017-12-05	Not applicable

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Ferinsol Drops	Solution / drops	125 mg / mL	Oral	Mead Johnson Nutritionals	1951-12-31	1996-09-30
Fero Grad Filmtab	Tablet, extended release	105 mg	Oral	Abbott	1961-12-31	2008-06-06
Ferrous Sulfate	Tablet	325 mg/1	Oral	A-S Medication Solutions	2001-02-19	Not applicable
Ferrous Sulfate	Tablet, film coated	325 mg/1	Oral	Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.	2014-07-01	2019-12-31
Ferrous Sulfate	Tablet	325 mg/1	Oral	Qualitest	2001-02-19	2020-03-30

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Aktiferrin - Saft	Ferrous sulfate (3.42 g/100ml) + Serine (2.58 g/100ml)	Syrup	Oral	Teva B.V.	1978-02-13	Not applicable
Aktiferrin - Tropfen	Ferrous sulfate (1.416 g/30ml) + Serine (1.068 g/30ml)	Solution / drops	Oral	Teva B.V.	1978-02-13	Not applicable
FERBEAPLEX TABLETS	Ferrous sulfate anhydrous (200 mg) + Nicotinamide (10 mg) + Riboflavin (1.5 mg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (3 mg)	Tablet, sugar coated	Oral	BEACONS PHARMACEUTICALS PTE. LTD.	1991-02-19	Not applicable
Fero Grad 500	Ferrous sulfate (105 mg) + Ascorbic acid (500 mg)	Tablet, extended release	Oral	Abbott	1961-12-31	1999-08-09
FEROCOM TABLETS	Ferrous sulfate (180 mg) + Folic acid (5 mg) + Nicotinamide (10 mg) + Riboflavin (1.5 mg) + Thiamine (3 mg)	Tablet, coated	Oral	SUNWARD PHARMACEUTICAL SDN. BHD.	2020-09-08	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Abavite	Ferrous sulfate (30 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (60 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.025 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (13.5 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (0.5 mg/1) + Niacin (15 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (0.25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.8 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.6 mg/1) + Vitamin A palmitate (0.33 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (15 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	ABACOS HEALTH	2021-03-31	Not applicable
Exact-Rx SODIUM SULFACETAMIDE and SULFER 10%/5% Cleanser	Ferrous sulfate (50 mg/1g) + Sulfacetamide sodium (100 mg/1g)	Lotion	Topical	Exact Rx, Inc.	2011-08-01	2017-04-20
Ferrous Sulfate	Ferrous sulfate (325 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Preferred Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2004-06-18	2019-09-18
Ferrous Sulfate	Ferrous sulfate (325 mg/1)	Tablet, film coated	Oral	Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.	2014-07-01	2019-12-31
Ferrous Sulfate	Ferrous sulfate (65 mg/1) + Calcium (20 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Martin Ekwealor Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2014-09-01	Not applicable

Categories

Drug Categories

• Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
• Delayed-Action Preparations
• Hematinics
• Iron Compounds
• Iron Preparations
• Minerals
• Organometallic Compounds
• Pharmaceutical Preparations
• Polyvalent cation containing laxatives, antacids, oral supplements

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a transition metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Transition metal oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Transition metal sulfates

Direct Parent

Transition metal sulfates

Alternative Parents

Inorganic salts / Inorganic oxides

Substituents

Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt / Transition metal sulfate

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

metal sulfate, iron molecular entity (CHEBI:75832)

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

2IDP3X9OUD

CAS number

7720-78-7

InChI Key

BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L

InChI

InChI=1S/Fe.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2

IUPAC Name

lambda2-iron(2+) sulfate

SMILES

[Fe++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Mitchell AG. The preparation and characterization of ferrous sulphate hydrates. (1984 Aug).J Pharm Pharmacol.

General References

1. Leary A, Barthe L, Clavel T, Sanchez C, Oulmi-Castel M, Paillard B, Edmond JM, Brunner V: Pharmacokinetics of Ferrous Sulphate (Tardyferon(R)) after Single Oral Dose Administration in Women with Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2016 Jan;66(1):51-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1549934. Epub 2015 May 19. [Article]
2. Conrad ME, Umbreit JN, Moore EG, Hainsworth LN, Porubcin M, Simovich MJ, Nakada MT, Dolan K, Garrick MD: Separate pathways for cellular uptake of ferric and ferrous iron. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Oct;279(4):G767-74. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.4.G767. [Article]
3. Tolkien Z, Stecher L, Mander AP, Pereira DI, Powell JJ: Ferrous sulfate supplementation causes significant gastrointestinal side-effects in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 20;10(2):e0117383. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117383. eCollection 2015. [Article]
4. Santiago P: Ferrous versus ferric oral iron formulations for the treatment of iron deficiency: a clinical overview. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:846824. doi: 10.1100/2012/846824. Epub 2012 May 2. [Article]
5. Waldvogel-Abramowski S, Waeber G, Gassner C, Buser A, Frey BM, Favrat B, Tissot JD: Physiology of iron metabolism. Transfus Med Hemother. 2014 Jun;41(3):213-21. doi: 10.1159/000362888. Epub 2014 May 12. [Article]
6. Geisser P, Burckhardt S: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of iron preparations. Pharmaceutics. 2011 Jan 4;3(1):12-33. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3010012. [Article]
7. Cancado RD, Munoz M: Intravenous iron therapy: how far have we come? Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2011;33(6):461-9. doi: 10.5581/1516-8484.20110123. [Article]
8. Miller JL: Iron deficiency anemia: a common and curable disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2013 Jul 1;3(7). pii: cshperspect.a011866. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011866. [Article]
9. Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R: Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci. 2014 Feb;19(2):164-74. [Article]
10. Walker SE, Paton TW, Cowan DH, Manuel MA, Dranitsaris G: Bioavailability of iron in oral ferrous sulfate preparations in healthy volunteers. CMAJ. 1989 Sep 15;141(6):543-7. [Article]
11. Kaestner L, Bogdanova A: Regulation of red cell life-span, erythropoiesis, senescence, and clearance. Front Physiol. 2014 Jul 18;5:269. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00269. eCollection 2014. [Article]
12. FERROUS SULFATE - National Library of Medicine HSDB Database - Toxnet [Link]
13. Iron poisoning [Link]
14. Ferrous Sulfate Supplementation Causes Significant Gastrointestinal Side-Effects in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [Link]
15. Ferrous sulfate, Daily Med [Link]
16. Ferrous sulfate, epocrates [Link]
17. Ferrous sulfate DavisPlus [Link]
18. Ferrous Sulfate Tablet, Delayed Release (Enteric Coated) [Link]
19. Antianemia Drugs [Link]
20. Dailymed: Ferrous sulfate tablets [Link]
21. The Science Company: Ferrous sulfate MSDS [Link]
22. ODS Health Professional Fact Sheet: Iron [Link]
23. Medicines UK: Ferrous sulfate 200mg oral tablets [Link]
24. NIH Statpearls: Biochemistry, Iron Absorption [Link]

External Links

PubChem Compound

62662

PubChem Substance

347829289

ChemSpider

22804

ChEBI

75832

ChEMBL

CHEMBL1200830

Wikipedia

Iron(II)_sulfate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Other	Abnormal Uterine Bleeding / Heavy Menstrual Bleeding / Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Anemia	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Anemia / Colorectal Neoplasms	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Crohn's Disease (CD) / Ulcerative Colitis	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Delivery Complications / Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Syrup	Oral
Tablet, film coated	Oral	100 mg/1
Lotion	Topical
Solution	Oral	15 mg/1mL
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral	200 mg
Solution / drops	Oral	125 mg / mL
Tablet, coated	Oral	0.34 g
Tablet, extended release	Oral	105 mg
Tablet, coated	Oral
Syrup
Tablet, film coated	Oral	105 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral
Tablet, extended release	Oral	329.7 mg
Solution	Oral	25 mg
Tablet	Oral
Elixir	Oral	220 mg/5mL
Tablet	Oral
Tablet	Oral	324 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	325 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	65 mg/1
Tablet, coated	Oral	325 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral	325 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral	65 mg/1
Tablet, delayed release	Oral	65 mg/1
Tablet, coated	Oral	65 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	325 mg
Tablet	Oral	35 mg
Capsule, delayed release	Oral
Capsule, extended release	Oral	30 mg
Tablet, coated	Oral	150 mcg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	35 mg / srt
Tablet, extended release	Oral	50 mg
Powder	Oral
Tablet, effervescent	Oral
Capsule, liquid filled	Oral
Liquid; tablet	Oral
Liquid	Oral
Solution	Oral
Tablet, delayed release	Oral	300 mg
Tablet	Oral	300 mg
Liquid	Oral	220 mg/5mL
Capsule	Oral
Suspension / drops	Oral
Tablet, coated	Oral
Tablet, delayed release	Oral	60 mg
Tablet, coated	Oral	100 mg
Syrup	Oral	4 g
Tablet, coated	Oral	300 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	80 MG
Tablet, extended release	Oral	247.25 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	247.25 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Solution / drops	Oral
Solution	Oral	125.000 mg
Tablet	Oral	200.00 mg
Syrup	Oral	60 mg/5ml
Tablet, coated	Oral	163 mg
Syrup	Oral	125 mg/5ml
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral	200 mg
Tablet, coated	Oral	200 mg
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral	165 mg

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	64	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB9232125_EN.htm
boiling point (°C)	> 300 °C	MSDS
water solubility	25.6 g/100 mL	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB9232125_EN.htm
logP	-0.84	http://foodb.ca/compounds/FDB014740
pKa	-3	http://foodb.ca/compounds/FDB014740

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.84	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	-3	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	-2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	80.26 Å2	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	Chemaxon
Refractivity	11.53 m3·mol-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	5.81 Å3	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Not Available

Targets

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Details1. Hemoglobin subunit alpha

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Binder

General Function

Oxygen transporter activity

Specific Function

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.

Gene Name

HBA1

Uniprot ID

P69905

Uniprot Name

Hemoglobin subunit alpha

Molecular Weight

15257.405 Da

References

1. Geisser P, Burckhardt S: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of iron preparations. Pharmaceutics. 2011 Jan 4;3(1):12-33. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3010012. [Article]
2. Johnson-Wimbley TD, Graham DY: Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in the 21st century. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2011 May;4(3):177-84. doi: 10.1177/1756283X11398736. [Article]
3. Alleyne M, Horne MK, Miller JL: Individualized treatment for iron-deficiency anemia in adults. Am J Med. 2008 Nov;121(11):943-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.07.012. [Article]

Details2. Transferrin receptor (Protein Group)

Kind

Protein group

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Substrate

General Function

Virus receptor activity

Specific Function

Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferri...

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Components:

Name	UniProt ID
Transferrin receptor protein 1	P02786
Transferrin receptor protein 2	Q9UP52

References

1. Geisser P, Burckhardt S: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of iron preparations. Pharmaceutics. 2011 Jan 4;3(1):12-33. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3010012. [Article]
2. Johnson-Wimbley TD, Graham DY: Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in the 21st century. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2011 May;4(3):177-84. doi: 10.1177/1756283X11398736. [Article]
3. Alleyne M, Horne MK, Miller JL: Individualized treatment for iron-deficiency anemia in adults. Am J Med. 2008 Nov;121(11):943-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.07.012. [Article]

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Drug created at June 23, 2017 20:38 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54