Trolamine

Identification

Brand Names
Tru-micin
Generic Name
Trolamine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB13747
Background

Trolamine, which is also referred to as triethanolamine (TEA), is a tertiary amine and a triol. It is a bifunctional compound that exhibits both properties of alcohols and amines. Trolamine contains small amounts of diethanolamine and ethanolamine and may also act as an antioxidant against the auto-oxidation of animal and vegetable fats 1. It is commonly used as a pH adjuster and surfactant in industrial and cosmetic products such as skin and hair conditioning products.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 149.1882
Monoisotopic: 149.105193351
Chemical Formula
C6H15NO3
Synonyms
  • 2,2',2''-nitrilotris(ethanol)
  • nitrilo-2,2',2''-triethanol
  • nitrilotriethanol
  • triethanolamine
  • tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
  • tris(β-hydroxyethyl)amine
  • Trolamine

Pharmacology

Indication

Trolamine is used as an alkalizing agent, surfactant, and counter-ion in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations 1. It is not considered to be an active pharmacological ingredient and so has no official indication.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofPain••• •••
Management ofPain••• •••
Management ofPain••• •••
Management ofPain••• •••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Acts as a surfactant or alkalizing agent to aid in emulsification and solubilizing of compounds or in raising the pH of a solution 1

Mechanism of action

As an amine, trolamine is capable of accepting a hydrogen to form hydroxide and a conjugate acid. This raises the pH of the solution. As a surfactant, it can lower the interfacial tension in a mixture or solution to prevent separation of emulsions or precipitation of a compound out of solution.

Absorption

Dermal absorption of trolamine increases with the dose 1. This has been found to range from 19-28% in rats with doses of 68-276 mg/kg in 190 μL of acetone without occlusion and from 60-80% in mice with doses of 79-1120 mg/kg in the same volume of acetone.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Trolamine is excreted mostly as the unchanged compound 1. No diethanolamine or ethanolamine has been found. Very small amounts of trolamine glucuronide have been detected but not quantified.

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Route of elimination

When orally administered to rats, the 53% of the trolamine dose was found to be excreted in the urine and 20% in the feces 1. 98% was excreted in the urine with intravenous administration.

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Trolamine produced mild erythema and edema in rabbits with dermally administered doses of 2 g/kg under occlusion 1. The oral LD50 was found to be 8 g/kg in guinea pigs and 4.19-11.26 g/kg in rats. Repeated oral administration in rats and guinea pigs produced hepatic and renal damage with deaths occurring in rats at doses >0.3 g/kg/day. When inhaled trolamine produced edema and inflammation in rats at doses over 100 mg/m³ after 5 days and at doses over 4.7 mg/m³ after 90 days. There is some evidence of carcinogenicity at high dermal doses (1000 mg/kg/day) in mice. Trolamine is not classified as a carcinogen in humans.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Tenofovir alafenamideThe serum concentration of Tenofovir alafenamide can be increased when it is combined with Trolamine.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Sallys Box Friendly Black Head Three Step SheetCream0.036 mg/3mLTopicalImine Co., Ltd.2015-01-052015-01-05US flag
Tru-micinLotion0.1 mg/1mLTopicalTruceuticals, Llc2013-06-07Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Bee Pollen-jojoba High Moisture CreamTrolamine (0.6 %) + Octinoxate (7.5 %) + Oxybenzone (3.0 %) + Titanium dioxide (0.1 %)CreamTopicalRachel Perry Inc.Not applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Calenda-cucumber Oil-free MoisturizerTrolamine (0.6 %) + Octinoxate (7.5 %) + Oxybenzone (3 %)CreamTopicalRachel Perry Inc.Not applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Lecithin-aloe Moisture CreamTrolamine (0.8 %) + Octinoxate (7.5 %) + Oxybenzone (4 %) + Titanium dioxide (0.15 %)CreamTopicalRachel Perry Inc.Not applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Protection Hp Hand SanitizergelTrolamine (0.98 g/350mL) + Carbomer (1.05 g/350mL) + Ethanol (262.5 mL/350mL)GelExtracorporealShenzhen Anmay Paper Manufacture Co., Ltd.2020-05-20Not applicableUS flag
Protection Hp Hand SanitizergelTrolamine (1.4 g/500mL) + Carbomer (1.5 g/500mL) + Ethanol (375 mL/500mL)GelExtracorporealShenzhen Anmay Paper Manufacture Co., Ltd.2020-05-20Not applicableUS flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Sallys Box Friendly Black Head Three Step SheetTrolamine (0.036 mg/3mL)CreamTopicalImine Co., Ltd.2015-01-052015-01-05US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
D03AX12 — Trolamine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols. These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic nitrogen compounds
Class
Organonitrogen compounds
Sub Class
Amines
Direct Parent
1,2-aminoalcohols
Alternative Parents
Trialkylamines / Primary alcohols / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
1,2-aminoalcohol / Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic oxygen compound / Organooxygen compound / Organopnictogen compound / Primary alcohol / Tertiary aliphatic amine / Tertiary amine
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
tertiary amino compound, amino alcohol (CHEBI:28621)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
9O3K93S3TK
CAS number
102-71-6
InChI Key
GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C6H15NO3/c8-4-1-7(2-5-9)3-6-10/h8-10H,1-6H2
IUPAC Name
2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethan-1-ol
SMILES
OCCN(CCO)CCO

References

General References
  1. Fiume MM, Heldreth B, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler D, Marks JG Jr, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA: Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2013 May-Jun;32(3 Suppl):59S-83S. doi: 10.1177/1091581813488804. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0032538
KEGG Drug
D00215
KEGG Compound
C06771
PubChem Compound
7618
PubChem Substance
347829313
ChemSpider
13835630
RxNav
38623
ChEBI
28621
ChEMBL
CHEMBL446061
ZINC
ZINC000000896409
PDBe Ligand
211
Wikipedia
Triethanolamine
PDB Entries
2hmp / 3frl / 3h7c / 3rq0 / 3zuk / 5cix / 6cww
MSDS
Download (164 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3CompletedTreatmentAllergic Reaction2
3CompletedTreatmentDermatitis, Photoallergic1
3CompletedTreatmentDermatitis, Phototoxic1
2Unknown StatusSupportive CareNasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Radiodermatitis1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CreamTopical
GelExtracorporeal
LiquidExtracorporeal
CreamTopical0.036 mg/3mL
LiquidTopical
LotionTopical0.1 mg/1mL
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Liquid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)21.6Fiume MM, Heldreth B, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(3 Suppl):59S-83S.
boiling point (°C)335.4Fiume MM, Heldreth B, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(3 Suppl):59S-83S.
water solubilityMiscibleFiume MM, Heldreth B, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(3 Suppl):59S-83S.
logP-1.59Fiume MM, Heldreth B, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(3 Suppl):59S-83S.
pKa7.76Fiume MM, Heldreth B, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(3 Suppl):59S-83S.
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility497.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-1.4ALOGPS
logP-1.9Chemaxon
logS0.52ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.12Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.44Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area63.93 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count6Chemaxon
Refractivity38.86 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability16.38 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-03di-1970000000-1cdc1ba11e5a386f1352
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-015j-8900000000-5fc1298b8ec2e7f10e7c
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-014i-9800000000-98de38ceda39aaf45b22
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-03di-1970000000-1cdc1ba11e5a386f1352
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-066r-9400000000-4742c6b283ff3c63f5cf
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0900000000-0c50692a60886d3a9842
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0ue9-3900000000-2610bf9e1d6b422b2581
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-9100000000-ad4771662a2213681b1c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00dl-9000000000-3099cf0c685e5aa6736f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-006w-9000000000-d387d0ee743aefe8efec
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0ue9-4900000000-a63f8f03a9f4f6fe4fd5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0gx0-0900000000-31bbfc1546adf4de8b86
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-3900000000-5043dc1ed3bfd2bead72
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ik9-2900000000-de86ae79874999bde4a9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9200000000-d03931184edc47bed003
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udj-5900000000-3e903730face74fe4e57
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-2863c4e7f670bceca673
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-130.8948042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-130.7023042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-129.34485
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+127.9768042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+128.0769042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+132.27501
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+128.3917042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+128.4975042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+141.06438
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Drug created at June 23, 2017 20:47 / Updated at September 28, 2021 21:54