This drug entry is a stub and has not been fully annotated. It is scheduled to be annotated soon.
Identification
- Summary
Candesartan is an angiotensin-receptor blocker indicated in the treatment of hypertension.
- Generic Name
- Candesartan
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB13919
- Background
Candesartan is an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) that may be used alone or with other agents to treat hypertension. It is available as a prodrug in the form of candesartan cilexetil.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Experimental
- Structure
Structure for Candesartan (DB13919)
- Weight
- Average: 440.454
Monoisotopic: 440.159688536 - Chemical Formula
- C24H20N6O3
- Synonyms
- 2-ethoxy-1-(p-(o-1H-tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl)-7-benzimidazolecarboxylic acid
- Candesartan
- External IDs
- CV-11974
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of High blood pressure (hypertension) •••••••••••• •••••• Treatment of Nyha functional class ii-iv heart failure •••••••••••• •••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism AType-1 angiotensin II receptor antagonistHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbaloparatide Abaloparatide may increase the hypotensive activities of Candesartan. Abatacept The metabolism of Candesartan can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abrocitinib The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Candesartan. Acebutolol Acebutolol may increase the hypotensive activities of Candesartan. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of renal failure, hyperkalemia, and hypertension can be increased when Candesartan is combined with Aceclofenac. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BLOPRESID Candesartan (16 MG) + Hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 MG) Tablet Oral Cheplapharm Arzneimittel Gmbh 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy 
BLOPRESID Candesartan (32 MG) + Hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 MG) Tablet Oral Cheplapharm Arzneimittel Gmbh 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy BLOPRESID Candesartan (32 MG) + Hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 MG) Tablet Oral Cheplapharm Arzneimittel Gmbh 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy BLOPRESID Candesartan (32 MG) + Hydrochlorothiazide (25 MG) Tablet Oral Cheplapharm Arzneimittel Gmbh 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy BLOPRESID Candesartan (32 MG) + Hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 MG) Tablet Oral Cheplapharm Arzneimittel Gmbh 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C09DA06 — Candesartan and diuretics
- C09DA — Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and diuretics
- C09D — ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs), COMBINATIONS
- C09 — AGENTS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- C09DB — Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and calcium channel blockers
- C09D — ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs), COMBINATIONS
- C09 — AGENTS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- C09DX — Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), other combinations
- C09D — ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs), COMBINATIONS
- C09 — AGENTS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- C09CA — Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain
- C09C — ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs), PLAIN
- C09 — AGENTS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- Drug Categories
- Agents Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin System
- Agents causing hyperkalemia
- Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and calcium channel blockers
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and diuretics
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain
- Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers
- Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
- Antihypertensive Agents
- Benzene Derivatives
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Lipid Modifying Agents
- OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- UGT1A3 substrates
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biphenyls and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing to benzene rings linked together by a C-C bond.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Biphenyls and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Biphenyls and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Phenyltetrazoles and derivatives / Benzimidazoles / Alkyl aryl ethers / N-substituted imidazoles / Vinylogous amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds show 3 more
- Substituents
- Alkyl aryl ether / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Benzimidazole / Biphenyl / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Ether / Heteroaromatic compound show 14 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- biphenylyltetrazole, benzimidazolecarboxylic acid (CHEBI:3347)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- S8Q36MD2XX
- CAS number
- 139481-59-7
- InChI Key
- HTQMVQVXFRQIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C24H20N6O3/c1-2-33-24-25-20-9-5-8-19(23(31)32)21(20)30(24)14-15-10-12-16(13-11-15)17-6-3-4-7-18(17)22-26-28-29-27-22/h3-13H,2,14H2,1H3,(H,31,32)(H,26,27,28,29)
- IUPAC Name
- 2-ethoxy-1-{[2'-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl}-1H-1,3-benzodiazole-7-carboxylic acid
- SMILES
- CCOC1=NC2=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C2N1CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=NN1
References
- General References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Atacand (candesartan cilexetil) oral tablets [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014934
- KEGG Drug
- D00522
- PubChem Compound
- 2541
- PubChem Substance
- 347829334
- ChemSpider
- 2445
- BindingDB
- 50240609
- 214354
- ChEBI
- 3347
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1016
- ZINC
- ZINC000003782818
- PharmGKB
- PA448765
- Wikipedia
- Candesartan
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Prevention Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Stroke 1 4 Completed Prevention Hypertension 1 4 Completed Treatment Angiotensin Converting Enzyme / Angiotensin Receptor Blockers / Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) / Fibrinolysis / Inflammation 1 4 Completed Treatment Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) / Hypertension, Essential Hypertension / Stroke 1 4 Completed Treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 4 MG Tablet Oral Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 8 MG/12.5MG Tablet Oral 32 MG Tablet, coated Oral Tablet Oral 16 MG Tablet Oral 8 MG Tablet Tablet Oral 2 MG - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00745 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.44 ALOGPS logP 4.68 Chemaxon logS -4.8 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.44 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 1.5 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 7 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 118.81 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 7 Chemaxon Refractivity 134.92 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 45.29 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 5 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 224.7596645 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 225.7150645 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 188.79489 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 225.8005645 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 225.0148645 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 191.19046 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 225.0135645 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 225.7173645 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 197.20973 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for angiotensin II. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
- Gene Name
- AGTR1
- Uniprot ID
- P30556
- Uniprot Name
- Type-1 angiotensin II receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 41060.53 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Cervenka L, Navar LG: Renal responses of the nonclipped kidney of two-kidney/one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats to type 1 angiotensin II receptor blockade with candesartan. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Jan;10 Suppl 11:S197-201. [Article]
- Malmqvist K, Kahan T, Dahl M: Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade in hypertensive women: benefits of candesartan cilexetil versus enalapril or hydrochlorothiazide. Am J Hypertens. 2000 May;13(5 Pt 1):504-11. [Article]
- Wada T, Inada Y, Ojima M, Sanada T, Shibouta Y, Nishikawa K: Comparison of the antihypertensive effects of the new angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil (TCV-116) and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in rats. Hypertens Res. 1996 Jun;19(2):75-81. [Article]
- Engelhorn T, Doerfler A, Heusch G, Schulz R: Reduction of cerebral infarct size by the AT1-receptor blocker candesartan, the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin and their combination. An experimental study in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Oct 2;406(1-2):92-6. Epub 2006 Aug 9. [Article]
- Caballero-George C, Vanderheyden PM, Solis PN, Gupta MP, Pieters L, Vauquelin G, Vlietinck A: In vitro effect of sanguinarine alkaloid on binding of [3H]candesartan to the human angiotensin AT1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Jan 5;458(3):257-62. [Article]
- McInnes GT, O'Kane KP, Istad H, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Van Mierlo HF: Comparison of the AT1-receptor blocker, candesartan cilexetil, and the ACE inhibitor, lisinopril, in fixed combination with low dose hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 2000 Apr;14(4):263-9. [Article]
- Vauquelin G, Fierens F, Van Liefde I: Long-lasting angiotensin type 1 receptor binding and protection by candesartan: comparison with other biphenyl-tetrazole sartans. J Hypertens Suppl. 2006 Mar;24(1):S23-30. [Article]
- Mendis B, Page SR: Candesartan: widening indications for this angiotensin II receptor blocker? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 Aug;10(12):1995-2007. doi: 10.1517/14656560903092197. [Article]
- Meredith PA: Candesartan cilexetil--a review of effects on cardiovascular complications in hypertension and chronic heart failure. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Jul;23(7):1693-705. [Article]
- Baguet JP, Barone-Rochette G, Neuder Y: Candesartan cilexetil in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):257-64. Epub 2009 Apr 8. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Walsky RL, Gaman EA, Obach RS: Examination of 209 drugs for inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C8. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;45(1):68-78. [Article]
- Backman JT, Filppula AM, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ: Role of Cytochrome P450 2C8 in Drug Metabolism and Interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241. doi: 10.1124/pr.115.011411. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- McClellan KJ, Goa KL: Candesartan cilexetil. A review of its use in essential hypertension. Drugs. 1998 Nov;56(5):847-69. [Article]
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
- Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
- Taavitsainen P, Kiukaanniemi K, Pelkonen O: In vitro inhibition screening of human hepatic P450 enzymes by five angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 May;56(2):135-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Retinoic acid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A3
- Uniprot ID
- P35503
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3
- Molecular Weight
- 60337.835 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gas...
- Gene Name
- PTGS1
- Uniprot ID
- P23219
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 68685.82 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Takara K, Kakumoto M, Tanigawara Y, Funakoshi J, Sakaeda T, Okumura K: Interaction of digoxin with antihypertensive drugs via MDR1. Life Sci. 2002 Feb 15;70(13):1491-500. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y6L6
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76447.99 Da
References
- Karlgren M, Ahlin G, Bergstrom CA, Svensson R, Palm J, Artursson P: In vitro and in silico strategies to identify OATP1B1 inhibitors and predict clinical drug-drug interactions. Pharm Res. 2012 Feb;29(2):411-26. doi: 10.1007/s11095-011-0564-9. Epub 2011 Aug 23. [Article]
Drug created at October 22, 2017 17:19 / Updated at May 21, 2021 10:23