Identification
- Summary
Estradiol valerate is an estradiol prodrug used to treat some effects of menopause, hypoestrogenism, androgen dependant carcinoma of the prostate, and in combination products for endometriosis and contraception.
- Brand Names
- Delestrogen, Natazia
- Generic Name
- Estradiol valerate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB13956
- Background
Estradiol Valerate (also known as E2V) is a pro-drug ester of Estradiol, a naturally occurring hormone that circulates endogenously within the human body. Estradiol is the most potent form of all mammalian estrogenic steroids and acts as the major female sex hormone. As a pro-drug of estradiol, estradiol acetate therefore has the same downstream effects within the body through binding to the Estrogen Receptor (ER) including ERα and ERβ subtypes, which are located in various tissues including in the breasts, uterus, ovaries, skin, prostate, bone, fat, and brain.
Estradiol is commonly produced with an ester side-chain as endogenous estradiol has very low oral bioavailability on its own (2-10%). First-pass metabolism by the gut and the liver quickly degrades the estradiol molecule before it gets a chance to enter systemic circulation and exert its estrogenic effects 9. Esterification of estradiol aims to improves absorption and bioavailability after oral administration (such as with Estradiol valerate) or to sustain release from depot intramuscular injections (such as with Estradiol Cypionate) through improved lipophilicity. Following absorption, the esters are cleaved, resulting in the release of endogenous estradiol, or 17β-estradiol. Ester pro-drugs of estradiol are therefore considered to be bioidentical forms of estrogen 12.
Estradiol valerate is commercially available as an intramuscular injection as the product Delestrogen and is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and vulvovaginal atrophy due to menopause, for the treatment of hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration or primary ovarian failure, and for the treatment of advanced androgen-dependent carcinoma of the prostate (for palliation only). Estradiol valerate is also available in combination with Dienogest as the commercially available product Natazia used for the prevention of pregnancy and for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding.
The primary source of estrogen in normally cycling adult women is the ovarian follicle, which secretes 70 to 500 mcg of estradiol daily, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. However, after menopause, most endogenous estrogen is produced by conversion of androstenedione, secreted by the adrenal cortex, to estrone by peripheral tissues. Thus, estrone and the sulfate conjugated form, estrone sulfate, are the most abundant circulating estrogens in postmenopausal women Label. Although circulating estrogens exist in a dynamic equilibrium of metabolic interconversions, estradiol is the principal intracellular human estrogen and is substantially more potent than its metabolites, estrone and estriol at the receptor level. Because of the difference in potency between estradiol and estrone, menopause (and a change in primary hormone from estradiol to estrone) is associated with a number of symptoms associated with this reduction in potency and in estrogenic effects. These include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood changes, irregular menses, chills, and sleeping problems. Administration of synthetic and bioidentical forms of estrogen, such as estradiol valerate, has shown to improve these menopausal symptoms.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Estradiol valerate (DB13956)
- Weight
- Average: 356.4984
Monoisotopic: 356.23514489 - Chemical Formula
- C23H32O3
- Synonyms
- Estradiol valerate
Pharmacology
- Indication
Estradiol valerate is commercially available as an intramuscular injection as the product Delestrogen and is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and vulvovaginal atrophy due to menopause, for the treatment of hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration or primary ovarian failure, and for the treatment of advanced androgen-dependent carcinoma of the prostate (for palliation only).
Estradiol valerate is also available in combination with Dienogest as the commercially available product Natazia used for the prevention of pregnancy and for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding.
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to manage Heavy menstrual bleeding Combination Product in combination with: Dienogest (DB09123) •••••••••••• Used in combination for symptomatic treatment of Hypogonadism Combination Product in combination with: Norgestrel (DB09389) •••••••••••• ••••• •••• • •••••• ••••••• •••• •••••• Symptomatic treatment of Menopausal symptoms •••••••••••• Used in combination for symptomatic treatment of Menopause Combination Product in combination with: Norgestrel (DB09389) •••••••••••• ••••• •••• • •••••• ••••••• •••• •••••• Used in combination to manage Menstrual irregularities Combination Product in combination with: Norgestrel (DB09389) •••••••••••• ••••••• •••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Estrogen mediates its effects across the body through potent agonism of the Estrogen Receptor (ER), which is located in various tissues including in the breasts, uterus, ovaries, skin, prostate, bone, fat, and brain. Estradiol binds to both subtypes of the Estrogen Receptor: Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) and Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ). Estradiol also acts as a potent agonist of G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER), which has recently been recognized as a major mediator of estradiol's rapid cellular effects 11.
- Mechanism of action
Estradiol enters target cells freely (e.g., female organs, breasts, hypothalamus, pituitary) and interacts with a target cell receptor. When the estrogen receptor has bound its ligand it can enter the nucleus of the target cell, and regulate gene transcription which leads to formation of messenger RNA. The mRNA interacts with ribosomes to produce specific proteins that express the effect of estradiol upon the target cell. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary.
Increases in the down-stream effects of ER binding reverses some of the symptoms of menopause, which are primarily caused by a loss of estrogenic activity.
Target Actions Organism AEstrogen receptor alpha agonistHumans AEstrogen receptor beta agonistHumans UNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Not Available Humans UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 Not Available Humans UNuclear receptor coactivator 2 Not Available Humans UG-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 Not Available Humans UATP synthase subunit a Not Available Humans UBeclin-1 Not Available Humans UEstradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 2 Not Available Humans UEstrogen-related receptor gamma ligandHumans - Absorption
IM Injection: When conjugated with aryl and alkyl groups for parenteral administration, the rate of absorption of oily preparations is slowed with a prolonged duration of action, such that a single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate or estradiol cypionate is absorbed over several weeks Label.
Natazia: After oral administration of estradiol valerate, cleavage to 17β-estradiol and valeric acid takes place during absorption by the intestinal mucosa or in the course of the first liver passage. This gives rise to estradiol and its metabolites, estrone and other metabolites. Maximum serum estradiol concentrations of 73.3 pg/mL are reached at a median of approximately 6 hours (range: 1.5–12 hours) and the area under the estradiol concentration curve [AUC(0–24h)] was 1301 pg·h/mL after single ingestion of a tablet containing 3 mg estradiol valerate under fasted condition on Day 1 of the 28-day sequential regimen.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Exogenous estrogens are metabolized using the same mechanism as endogenous estrogens. Estrogens are partially metabolized by cytochrome P450.
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Estradiol, estrone and estriol are excreted in the urine along with glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Estradiol valerate which could result in a higher serum level. Abametapir The serum concentration of Estradiol valerate can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Estradiol valerate can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abciximab Estradiol valerate may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Abciximab. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Estradiol valerate. - Food Interactions
- Exercise caution with grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism, which may increase the serum concentration of estradiol valerate.
- Exercise caution with St. John's Wort. This herb induces the CYP3A4 metabolism of estradiol valerate. Therefore it may reduce the serum concentration and effectiveness of estradiol valerate.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Estradiol prodrug 4TI98Z838E 50-28-2 VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N - Product Images
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Delestrogen Injection 20 mg/1mL Intramuscular Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2007-11-01 Not applicable US 
Delestrogen Injection 20 mg/1mL Intramuscular Monarch Pharmaceuticals,Inc. 1954-07-15 2007-10-01 US Delestrogen Injection 10 mg/1mL Intramuscular Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2007-11-01 Not applicable US Delestrogen Injection 10 mg/1mL Intramuscular Monarch Pharmaceuticals,Inc. 1954-07-15 2007-10-01 US Delestrogen Injection 40 mg/1mL Intramuscular Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2007-11-01 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Estradiol Valerate Injection 10 mg/1mL Intramuscular Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. 2020-04-21 Not applicable US Estradiol Valerate Injection, solution 40 mg/1mL Intramuscular Perrigo Company 2010-03-31 Not applicable US Estradiol Valerate Injection 20 mg/1mL Intramuscular Par Pharmaceutical 2012-06-01 2017-03-31 US Estradiol Valerate Injection 20 mg/1mL Intramuscular Sandoz 2007-10-04 2011-12-31 US Estradiol valerate Injection 20 mg/1mL Intramuscular Xiromed, Llc 2023-05-01 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ARIORA 1MG/2MG Estradiol valerate (1 mg) + Dienogest (2 mg) Tablet Oral 2017-01-01 Not applicable Germany 
ARIORA 1MG/2MG Estradiol valerate (1 mg) + Dienogest (2 mg) Tablet Oral 2017-01-01 Not applicable Germany CLIMEN Estradiol valerate (2 MG) + Estradiol valerate (2 mg) + Cyproterone acetate (1 mg) Kit; Tablet, coated Oral Bayer S.P.A. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy 
CLIMEN Estradiol valerate (2 MG) + Estradiol valerate (2 mg) + Cyproterone acetate (1 mg) Kit; Tablet, coated Oral Bayer S.P.A. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy CLIMEN 2MG+ 2MG/1 MG KAPLI TABLET, 21 ADET Estradiol valerate (4 mg) + Cyproterone acetate (1 mg) Tablet, coated Oral BAYER TÜRK KİMYA SAN. LTD. ŞTİ. 1994-04-01 Not applicable Turkey 
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones
- BCRP/ABCG2 Inhibitors
- Contraceptive Agents, Female
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Estradiol Congeners
- Estradiol, agonists
- Estranes
- Estrenes
- Estrogen Contraceptives
- Estrogens
- Fused-Ring Compounds
- Gonadal Hormones
- Gonadal Steroid Hormones
- Hormonal Contraceptives for Systemic Use
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 Inhibitors
- OCT1 inhibitors
- OCT2 Inhibitors
- Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Steroids
- Thyroxine-binding globulin inducers
- UGT1A1 Substrates
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as steroid esters. These are compounds containing a steroid moiety which bears a carboxylic acid ester group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Steroids and steroid derivatives
- Sub Class
- Steroid esters
- Direct Parent
- Steroid esters
- Alternative Parents
- Estrogens and derivatives / 3-hydroxysteroids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Tetralins / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Carboxylic acid esters / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 3-hydroxysteroid / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester / Estrane-skeleton / Estrogen-skeleton / Hydrocarbon derivative
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- steroid ester (CHEBI:31561) / C18 steroids (estrogens) and derivatives (C12859) / C18 steroids (estrogens) and derivatives (LMST02010039)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- OKG364O896
- CAS number
- 979-32-8
- InChI Key
- RSEPBGGWRJCQGY-RBRWEJTLSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C23H32O3/c1-3-4-5-22(25)26-21-11-10-20-19-8-6-15-14-16(24)7-9-17(15)18(19)12-13-23(20,21)2/h7,9,14,18-21,24H,3-6,8,10-13H2,1-2H3/t18-,19-,20+,21+,23+/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1S,3aS,3bR,9bS,11aS)-7-hydroxy-11a-methyl-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl pentanoate
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCC)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C3
References
- General References
- Pentikainen V, Erkkila K, Suomalainen L, Parvinen M, Dunkel L: Estradiol acts as a germ cell survival factor in the human testis in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 May;85(5):2057-67. [Article]
- Sharpe RM, Skakkebaek NE: Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? Lancet. 1993 May 29;341(8857):1392-5. [Article]
- Raman JD, Schlegel PN: Aromatase inhibitors for male infertility. J Urol. 2002 Feb;167(2 Pt 1):624-9. [Article]
- Carani C, Qin K, Simoni M, Faustini-Fustini M, Serpente S, Boyd J, Korach KS, Simpson ER: Effect of testosterone and estradiol in a man with aromatase deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 10;337(2):91-5. [Article]
- Behl C, Widmann M, Trapp T, Holsboer F: 17-beta estradiol protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Nov 13;216(2):473-82. [Article]
- Schmidt JW, Wollner D, Curcio J, Riedlinger J, Kim LS: Hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women: Past problems and future possibilities. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2006 Oct;22(10):564-77. [Article]
- Foresta C, Zuccarello D, Biagioli A, De Toni L, Prana E, Nicoletti V, Ambrosini G, Ferlin A: Oestrogen stimulates endothelial progenitor cells via oestrogen receptor-alpha. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Oct;67(4):520-5. Epub 2007 Jun 15. [Article]
- Garcia-Segura LM, Sanz A, Mendez P: Cross-talk between IGF-I and estradiol in the brain: focus on neuroprotection. Neuroendocrinology. 2006;84(4):275-9. Epub 2006 Nov 23. [Article]
- O'Connell MB: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Sep;35(9S):18S-24S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04143.x. [Article]
- Dusterberg B, Nishino Y: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological features of oestradiol valerate. Maturitas. 1982 Dec;4(4):315-24. [Article]
- Prossnitz ER, Barton M: Estrogen biology: new insights into GPER function and clinical opportunities. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014 May 25;389(1-2):71-83. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Feb 12. [Article]
- W. KuhnzH. BlodeH. Zimmermann (1993). Pharmacokinetics of Exogenous Natural and Synthetic Estrogens and Antiestrogens. In: Estrogens and Antiestrogens II.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. [ISBN:978-3-642-60107-1]
- FDA Thailand Product Information: Progynova (estradiol valerate) oral tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Natazia (estradiol valerate and dienogest) tablets for oral use [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Compound
- C12859
- PubChem Compound
- 13791
- ChemSpider
- 13194
- ChEBI
- 31561
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1511
- ZINC
- ZINC000003881556
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Estradiol_valerate
- FDA label
- Download (317 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Basic Science Hormone Replacement 1 4 Completed Other Contraception 1 4 Completed Prevention Osteoporosis 1 4 Completed Treatment Endometrial Preparation / Frozen Embryo Transfer 1 4 Completed Treatment Female Infertility 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, coated Oral Tablet Oral 2.000 mg Tablet Tablet, sugar coated Oral Injection Intramuscular 10 mg/1mL Injection Intramuscular 20 mg/1mL Injection Intramuscular 40 mg/1mL Liquid Intramuscular 10 mg / mL Tablet Oral 2 mg Injection, solution Intramuscular 20 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intramuscular 40 mg/1mL Tablet, film coated Oral Injection, solution Intramuscular Tablet Oral 1 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 2 mg Solution Intramuscular; Parenteral Solution Parenteral Kit Oral Kit; tablet, film coated Oral Solution Intramuscular Liquid Intramuscular 20 mg / mL Solution Intramuscular 50 mg Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 1.000 mg Tablet Oral 2.000 mg Tablet, sugar coated Oral 2 mg Kit; tablet, coated Oral Injection Parenteral 10 mg Tablet, sugar coated Oral Tablet, coated Oral Tablet, sugar coated Oral 1 mg Tablet, sugar coated Oral 2 mg Tablet Oral 3.0000 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 1 mg Tablet, coated Oral 1 mg Tablet, coated Oral 2 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6133251 No 2000-10-17 2016-10-25 US US8071577 No 2011-12-06 2026-05-13 US US8153616 No 2012-04-10 2028-01-30 US US6884793 No 2005-04-26 2016-10-25 US
Properties
- State
- Not Available
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.000617 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 5.28 ALOGPS logP 5.78 Chemaxon logS -5.8 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 10.33 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -5.4 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 46.53 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 Chemaxon Refractivity 102.89 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 42.57 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 4 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-0059000000-f538dd75a4509c048c09 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-0019000000-8f3d14fa5b4145f57b38 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4r-0194000000-f6b89db344b2e5c09cc7 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-1069000000-90c0bf7d680bad68bc66 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-066r-9001000000-d343bfb29c71fec224b6 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-1000-3962000000-7a019421950f4281430d Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 196.4657659 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 197.0777659 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 189.5372 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 196.3607659 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 197.5359659 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 191.4326 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 196.5987659 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 197.21065 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissu...
- Gene Name
- ESR1
- Uniprot ID
- P03372
- Uniprot Name
- Estrogen receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 66215.45 Da
References
- Brama M, Gnessi L, Basciani S, Cerulli N, Politi L, Spera G, Mariani S, Cherubini S, Scotto d'Abusco A, Scandurra R, Migliaccio S: Cadmium induces mitogenic signaling in breast cancer cell by an ERalpha-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007 Jan 29;264(1-2):102-8. Epub 2006 Nov 27. [Article]
- Lehnes K, Winder AD, Alfonso C, Kasid N, Simoneaux M, Summe H, Morgan E, Iann MC, Duncan J, Eagan M, Tavaluc R, Evans CH Jr, Russell R, Wang A, Hu F, Stoica A: The effect of estradiol on in vivo tumorigenesis is modulated by the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt1 pathway. Endocrinology. 2007 Mar;148(3):1171-80. Epub 2006 Nov 30. [Article]
- Sasson S: Equilibrium binding analysis of estrogen agonists and antagonists: relation to the activation of the estrogen receptor. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 Jan;39(1):59-69. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent m...
- Gene Name
- ESR2
- Uniprot ID
- Q92731
- Uniprot Name
- Estrogen receptor beta
- Molecular Weight
- 59215.765 Da
References
- Vijayanathan V, Greenfield NJ, Thomas TJ, Ivanova MM, Tyulmenkov VV, Klinge CM, Gallo MA, Thomas T: Effects of estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen on the conformation, thermal stability, and DNA recognition of estrogen receptor beta. Biochem Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;85(1):1-10. [Article]
- Sasson S: Equilibrium binding analysis of estrogen agonists and antagonists: relation to the activation of the estrogen receptor. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 Jan;39(1):59-69. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism an...
- Gene Name
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID
- O75469
- Uniprot Name
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Xue Y, Moore LB, Orans J, Peng L, Bencharit S, Kliewer SA, Redinbo MR: Crystal structure of the pregnane X receptor-estradiol complex provides insights into endobiotic recognition. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 May;21(5):1028-38. Epub 2007 Feb 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeabl...
- Gene Name
- CHRNA4
- Uniprot ID
- P43681
- Uniprot Name
- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4
- Molecular Weight
- 69956.47 Da
References
- Paradiso K, Zhang J, Steinbach JH: The C terminus of the human nicotinic alpha4beta2 receptor forms a binding site required for potentiation by an estrogenic steroid. J Neurosci. 2001 Sep 1;21(17):6561-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transcription coactivator activity
- Specific Function
- Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Coactivator of the steroid binding domain (AF-2) but not of the modulating N-terminal domain (AF-1). Required with NCOA1 to ...
- Gene Name
- NCOA2
- Uniprot ID
- Q15596
- Uniprot Name
- Nuclear receptor coactivator 2
- Molecular Weight
- 159155.645 Da
References
- Geistlinger TR, McReynolds AC, Guy RK: Ligand-selective inhibition of the interaction of steroid receptor coactivators and estrogen receptor isoforms. Chem Biol. 2004 Feb;11(2):273-81. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid hormone binding
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled estrogen receptor that binds to 17-beta-estradiol (E2) with high affinity, leading to rapid and transient activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Stimulates cAMP ...
- Gene Name
- GPER1
- Uniprot ID
- Q99527
- Uniprot Name
- G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 42247.12 Da
References
- Thomas P, Dong J: Binding and activation of the seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor GPR30 by environmental estrogens: a potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Dec;102(1-5):175-9. Epub 2006 Nov 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Key component of the proton channel; it may play a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane.
- Specific Function
- Hydrogen ion transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- MT-ATP6
- Uniprot ID
- P00846
- Uniprot Name
- ATP synthase subunit a
- Molecular Weight
- 24816.865 Da
References
- Van Dorst B, Mehta J, Rouah-Martin E, De Coen W, Blust R, Robbens J: The identification of cellular targets of 17beta estradiol using a lytic (T7) cDNA phage display approach. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Feb;25(1):388-93. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.10.012. Epub 2010 Oct 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Plays a central role in autophagy (PubMed:23184933). Acts as core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (PubMed:20643123, PubMed:20208530). Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex forms. Involved in endocytosis (PubMed:25275521). Protects against infection by a neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus (PubMed:9765397). May play a role in antiviral host defense.
- Specific Function
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding
- Gene Name
- BECN1
- Uniprot ID
- Q14457
- Uniprot Name
- Beclin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 51895.945 Da
References
- Van Dorst B, Mehta J, Rouah-Martin E, De Coen W, Blust R, Robbens J: The identification of cellular targets of 17beta estradiol using a lytic (T7) cDNA phage display approach. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Feb;25(1):388-93. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.10.012. Epub 2010 Oct 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Testosterone dehydrogenase (nad+) activity
- Specific Function
- Capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione, as well as estradiol and estrone. Also has 20-alpha-HSD activity. Uses NADH while EDH17B3 uses NADPH.
- Gene Name
- HSD17B2
- Uniprot ID
- P37059
- Uniprot Name
- Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 42784.75 Da
References
- Wetzel M, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Perspicace E, Moller G, Adamski J, Hartmann RW: Introduction of an electron withdrawing group on the hydroxyphenylnaphthol scaffold improves the potency of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17beta-HSD2) inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2011 Nov 10;54(21):7547-57. doi: 10.1021/jm2008453. Epub 2011 Oct 19. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Ligand
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Orphan receptor that acts as transcription activator in the absence of bound ligand. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response ...
- Gene Name
- ESRRG
- Uniprot ID
- P62508
- Uniprot Name
- Estrogen-related receptor gamma
- Molecular Weight
- 51305.485 Da
References
- Babu S, Vellore NA, Kasibotla AV, Dwayne HJ, Stubblefield MA, Uppu RM: Molecular docking of bisphenol A and its nitrated and chlorinated metabolites onto human estrogen-related receptor-gamma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Sep 21;426(2):215-20. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.065. Epub 2012 Aug 23. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Lee AJ, Cai MX, Thomas PE, Conney AH, Zhu BT: Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98. [Article]
- Hong CC, Tang BK, Hammond GL, Tritchler D, Yaffe M, Boyd NF: Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and risk factors for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(4):R352-65. doi: 10.1186/bcr798. Epub 2004 May 7. [Article]
- Usmani KA, Cho TM, Rose RL, Hodgson E: Inhibition of the human liver microsomal and human cytochrome P450 1A2 and 3A4 metabolism of estradiol by deployment-related and other chemicals. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Sep;34(9):1606-14. doi: 10.1124/dmd.106.010439. Epub 2006 Jun 21. [Article]
- Chang SY, Chen C, Yang Z, Rodrigues AD: Further assessment of 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol as an inhibitor of different human cytochrome P450 forms in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Aug;37(8):1667-75. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.026997. Epub 2009 May 19. [Article]
- CYP1A2 cancer.gov CTEP [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P22309
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
- Molecular Weight
- 59590.91 Da
References
- Hanioka N, Tanabe N, Jinno H, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Nagaoka K, Naito S, Koeda A, Narimatsu S: Functional characterization of human and cynomolgus monkey UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 enzymes. Life Sci. 2010 Aug 14;87(7-8):261-8. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.001. Epub 2010 Jul 8. [Article]
- Guillemette C, Belanger A, Lepine J: Metabolic inactivation of estrogens in breast tissue by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: an overview. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(6):246-54. Epub 2004 Sep 27. [Article]
- Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInducer
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Lee AJ, Cai MX, Thomas PE, Conney AH, Zhu BT: Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98. [Article]
- Modugno F, Knoll C, Kanbour-Shakir A, Romkes M: A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7. doi: 10.1023/B:BREA.0000004376.21491.44. [Article]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID
- P20815
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A5
- Molecular Weight
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A7
- Uniprot ID
- P24462
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A7
- Molecular Weight
- 57525.03 Da
References
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P04798
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A1
- Molecular Weight
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Zhang Y, Gaikwad NW, Olson K, Zahid M, Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG: Cytochrome P450 isoforms catalyze formation of catechol estrogen quinones that react with DNA. Metabolism. 2007 Jul;56(7):887-94. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.001. [Article]
- Paracchini V, Pedotti P, Raimondi S, Garte S, Bradlow HL, Sepkovic DW, Taioli E: A common CYP1B1 polymorphism is associated with 2-OHE1/16-OHE1 urinary estrone ratio. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(7):702-6. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2005.119. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q16678
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 60845.33 Da
References
- Zhang Y, Gaikwad NW, Olson K, Zahid M, Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG: Cytochrome P450 isoforms catalyze formation of catechol estrogen quinones that react with DNA. Metabolism. 2007 Jul;56(7):887-94. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.001. [Article]
- Murray GI, Melvin WT, Greenlee WF, Burke MD: Regulation, function, and tissue-specific expression of cytochrome P450 CYP1B1. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:297-316. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.297. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Cheng ZN, Shu Y, Liu ZQ, Wang LS, Ou-Yang DS, Zhou HH: Role of cytochrome P450 in estradiol metabolism in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2001 Feb;22(2):148-54. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. [Article]
- Cheng ZN, Shu Y, Liu ZQ, Wang LS, Ou-Yang DS, Zhou HH: Role of cytochrome P450 in estradiol metabolism in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2001 Feb;22(2):148-54. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Modugno F, Knoll C, Kanbour-Shakir A, Romkes M: A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7. doi: 10.1023/B:BREA.0000004376.21491.44. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Androgen binding
- Specific Function
- Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
- Gene Name
- SHBG
- Uniprot ID
- P04278
- Uniprot Name
- Sex hormone-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 43778.755 Da
References
- Campusano M C, Brusco G F, Campino J C, Rodriguez P L, Arteaga U E: [Assessment of androgenic decline in the elderly]. Rev Med Chil. 2006 Sep;134(9):1123-8. Epub 2006 Dec 12. [Article]
- Kuba R, Pohanka M, Zakopcan J, Novotna I, Rektor I: Sexual dysfunctions and blood hormonal profile in men with focal epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2006 Dec;47(12):2135-40. [Article]
- Bendlova B, Zavadilova J, Vankova M, Vejrazkova D, Lukasova P, Vcelak J, Hill M, Cibula D, Vondra K, Starka L, Vrbikova J: Role of D327N sex hormone-binding globulin gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Apr;104(1-2):68-74. Epub 2007 Jan 26. [Article]
- Sablik Z, Samborska-Sablik A, Bolinska-Soltysiak H, Goch JH, Kula K: [Hyperandrogenism as a risk factor of coronary artery disease in young women]. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2006 Feb;115(2):118-24. [Article]
- Mohamad MJ, Mohammad MA, Karayyem M, Hairi A, Hader AA: Serum levels of sex hormones in men with acute myocardial infarction. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007 Apr;28(2):182-6. [Article]
- O'Connell MB: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Sep;35(9S):18S-24S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04143.x. [Article]
- Pardridge WM: Serum bioavailability of sex steroid hormones. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 May;15(2):259-78. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- O'Connell MB: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Sep;35(9S):18S-24S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04143.x. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- FABP are thought to play a role in the intracellular transport of long-chain fatty acids and their acyl-CoA esters. FABP2 is probably involved in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein synthesis. Binds satu...
- Gene Name
- FABP2
- Uniprot ID
- P12104
- Uniprot Name
- Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal
- Molecular Weight
- 15207.165 Da
References
- Rowland A, Knights KM, Mackenzie PI, Miners JO: Characterization of the binding of drugs to human intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP): potential role of IFABP as an alternative to albumin for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of drug kinetic parameters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jul;37(7):1395-403. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.027656. Epub 2009 Apr 27. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creat...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A2
- Uniprot ID
- O15244
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 62579.99 Da
References
- Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [Article]
- Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnico...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A1
- Uniprot ID
- O15245
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 61153.345 Da
References
- Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [Article]
- Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [Article]
- Romigi A, Vitrani G, Lo Giudice T, Centonze D, Franco V: Profile of pitolisant in the management of narcolepsy: design, development, and place in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Aug 30;12:2665-2675. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S101145. eCollection 2018. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Toxin transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain.
- Gene Name
- SLC22A3
- Uniprot ID
- O75751
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 3
- Molecular Weight
- 61279.485 Da
References
- Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [Article]
- Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost.
- Gene Name
- SLCO2B1
- Uniprot ID
- O94956
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76709.98 Da
References
- Tamai I, Nozawa T, Koshida M, Nezu J, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Functional characterization of human organic anion transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) in comparison with liver-specific OATP-C. Pharm Res. 2001 Sep;18(9):1262-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P46721
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 74144.105 Da
References
- Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Vore M, Schuster VL: Estradiol 17 beta-D-glucuronide is a high-affinity substrate for oatp organic anion transporter. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F326-31. [Article]
- Bossuyt X, Muller M, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ: Polyspecific drug and steroid clearance by an organic anion transporter of mammalian liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):891-6. [Article]
- Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
- Specific Function
- ATP-dependent transporter probably involved in cellular detoxification through lipophilic anion extrusion.
- Gene Name
- ABCC10
- Uniprot ID
- Q5T3U5
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7
- Molecular Weight
- 161627.375 Da
References
- Chen ZS, Hopper-Borge E, Belinsky MG, Shchaveleva I, Kotova E, Kruh GD: Characterization of the transport properties of human multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7, ABCC10). Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;63(2):351-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds.
- Gene Name
- SLC22A11
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NSA0
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 11
- Molecular Weight
- 59970.945 Da
References
- Cha SH, Sekine T, Kusuhara H, Yu E, Kim JY, Kim DK, Sugiyama Y, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and characterization of multispecific organic anion transporter 4 expressed in the placenta. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 11;275(6):4507-12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- Imai Y, Asada S, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Breast cancer resistance protein exports sulfated estrogens but not free estrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;64(3):610-8. [Article]
- Imai Y, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Estrone and 17beta-estradiol reverse breast cancer resistance protein-mediated multidrug resistance. Jpn J Cancer Res. 2002 Mar;93(3):231-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y6L6
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76447.99 Da
References
- Tamai I, Nozawa T, Koshida M, Nezu J, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Functional characterization of human organic anion transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) in comparison with liver-specific OATP-C. Pharm Res. 2001 Sep;18(9):1262-9. [Article]
- Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Rao US, Fine RL, Scarborough GA: Antiestrogens and steroid hormones: substrates of the human P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):287-92. [Article]
- Kim WY, Benet LZ: P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1)-mediated efflux of sex-steroid hormones and modulation of P-gp expression in vitro. Pharm Res. 2004 Jul;21(7):1284-93. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- Cha SH, Sekine T, Fukushima JI, Kanai Y, Kobayashi Y, Goya T, Endou H: Identification and characterization of human organic anion transporter 3 expressing predominantly in the kidney. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 May;59(5):1277-86. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NPD5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
- Molecular Weight
- 77402.175 Da
References
- Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and rT3. Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), 17-beta-gluc...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1C1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NYB5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1
- Molecular Weight
- 78695.625 Da
References
- Pizzagalli F, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Klenk U, Folkers G, Meier PJ: Identification of a novel human organic anion transporting polypeptide as a high affinity thyroxine transporter. Mol Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;16(10):2283-96. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones T3 (triiodo-L-thyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and rT3, and of estrone-3-sulfate and taurocholate.
- Gene Name
- SLCO4A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q96BD0
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1
- Molecular Weight
- 77192.505 Da
References
- Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, Sai Y, Oku A, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60. [Article]
Drug created at January 12, 2018 22:33 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55