Identification
- Summary
D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate is a form of vitamin E used to treat and prevent vitamin deficiencies.
- Generic Name
- D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB14002
- Background
Alpha-tocopherol is the primary form of vitamin E that is preferentially used by the human body to meet appropriate dietary requirements. In particular, the RRR-alpha-tocopherol (or sometimes called the d-alpha-tocopherol stereoisomer) stereoisomer is considered the natural formation of alpha-tocopherol and generally exhibits the greatest bioavailability out of all of the alpha-tocopherol stereoisomers. Moreover, RRR-alpha-tocopherol acetate is a relatively stabilized form of vitamin E that is most commonly used as a food additive when needed 6.
Alpha-tocopherol acetate is subsequently most commonly indicated for dietary supplementation in individuals who may demonstrate a genuine deficiency in vitamin E. Vitamin E itself is naturally found in various foods, added to others, or used in commercially available products as a dietary supplement. The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for vitamin E alpha-tocopherol are: males = 4 mg (6 IU) females = 4 mg (6 IU) in ages 0-6 months, males = 5 mg (7.5 IU) females = 5 mg (7.5 IU) in ages 7-12 months, males = 6 mg (9 IU) females = 6 mg (9 IU) in ages 1-3 years, males = 7 mg (10.4 IU) females = 7 mg (10.4 IU) in ages 4-8 years, males = 11 mg (16.4 IU) females = 11 mg (16.4 IU) in ages 9-13 years, males = 15 mg (22.4 IU) females = 15 mg (22.4 IU) pregnancy = 15 mg (22.4 IU) lactation = 19 mg (28.4 IU) in ages 14+ years 11. Most individuals obtain adequate vitamin E intake from their diets; genuine vitamin E deficiency is considered to be rare.
Nevertheless, vitamin E is known to be a fat-soluble antioxidant that has the capability to neutralize endogenous free radicals. This biologic action of vitamin E consequently continues to generate ongoing interest and study in whether or not its antioxidant abilities may be used to help assist in preventing or treating a number of different conditions like cardiovascular disease, ocular conditions, diabetes, cancer and more. At the moment however, there exists a lack of formal data and evidence to support any such additional indications for vitamin E use.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (DB14002)
- Weight
- Average: 472.7428
Monoisotopic: 472.39164553 - Chemical Formula
- C31H52O3
- Synonyms
- (+)-alfa-tocopherol acetate
- alpha-tocopheryl acetate, D-
- D-alpha tocoferil acetate
- D-alpha tocopheryl acetate
- D-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
- RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate
- Vitamin E acetate, D-
- External IDs
- T-3376
Pharmacology
- Indication
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
Vitamin E, known for its antioxidant activities, is protective against cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer and has also demonstrated immune-enhancing effects. It may be of limited benefit in some with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. It may be helpful in some neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, some eye disorders including cataracts, and diabetes and premenstrual syndrome. It may also help protect skin from ultraviolet irradiation although claims that it reverses skin aging, enhances male fertility and exercise performance are poorly supported. It may help relieve some muscle cramps.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
Vitamin E has antioxidant activity. It may also have anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, neuroprotective, antiviral, immunomodulatory, cell membrane-stabilizing and antiproliferative actions. Vitamin E is a collective term used to describe eight separate forms, the best-known form being alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and is an important antioxidant. It acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Vitamin E is often used in skin creams and lotions because it is believed to play a role in encouraging skin healing and reducing scarring after injuries such as burns. There are three specific situations when a vitamin E deficiency is likely to occur. It is seen in persons who cannot absorb dietary fat, has been found in premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), and is seen in individuals with rare disorders of fat metabolism. A vitamin E deficiency is usually characterized by neurological problems due to poor nerve conduction. Symptoms may include infertility, neuromuscular impairment, menstrual problems, miscarriage and uterine degradation. Preliminary research has led to a widely held belief that vitamin E may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease. Antioxidants such as vitamin E help protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer. It also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen. Low levels of vitamin E have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer.
- Mechanism of action
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
Although all forms of Vitamin E exhibit antioxidant activity, it is known that the antioxidant activity of vitamin E is not sufficient to explain the vitamin's biological activity.
Vitamin E's anti-atherogenic activity involves the inhibition of the oxidation of LDL and the accumulation of oxLDL in the arterial wall. It also appears to reduce oxLDL-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells. Oxidation of LDL is a key early step in atherogenesis as it triggers a number of events which lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, vitamin E inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKC plays a role in smooth muscle cell proliferation, and, thus, the inhibition of PKC results in inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, which is involved in atherogenesis.
Vitamin E's antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities involves the downregulation of the expression of intracellular cell adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 which lowers the adhesion of blood components to the endothelium. In addition, vitamin E upregulates the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 which in turn enhances the release of prostacyclin. Prostacyclin is a vasodilating factor and inhibitor of platelet aggregation and platelet release. It is also known that platelet aggregation is mediated by a mechanism involving the binding of fibrinogen to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) complex of platelets. GPIIb/IIIa is the major membrane receptor protein that is key to the role of the platelet aggregation response. GPIIb is the alpha-subunit of this platelet membrane protein. Alpha-tocopherol downregulates GPIIb promoter activity which results in reduction of GPIIb protein expression and decreased platelet aggregation. Vitamin E has also been found in culture to decrease plasma production of thrombin, a protein which binds to platelets and induces aggregation. A metabolite of vitamin E called vitamin E quinone or alpha-tocopheryl quinone (TQ) is a potent anticoagulant. This metabolite inhibits vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, which is a major enzyme in the coagulation cascade.
The neuroprotective effects of vitamin E are explained by its antioxidant effects. Many disorders of the nervous system are caused by oxidative stress. Vitamin E protects against this stress, thereby protecting the nervouse system.
The immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin E have been demonstrated in vitro, where alpha-tocopherol increases mitogenic response of T lymphocytes from aged mice. The mechanism of this response by vitamin E is not well understood, however it has been suggested that vitamin E itself may have mitogenic activity independent of its antioxidant activity.
Lastly, the mechanism of action of vitamin E's antiviral effects (primarily against HIV-1) involves its antioxidant activity. Vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, which is thought to contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis, as well as to the pathogenesis of other viral infections. Vitamin E also affects membrane integrity and fluidity and, since HIV-1 is a membraned virus, altering membrane fluidity of HIV-1 may interfere with its ability to bind to cell-receptor sites, thus decreasing its infectivity.Target Actions Organism USEC14-like protein 3 Not Available Humans USEC14-like protein 2 Not Available Humans UNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Not Available Humans UProtein kinase C beta type Not Available Humans UArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Not Available Humans UProtein kinase C alpha type Not Available Humans - Absorption
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
50 to 80% absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.
- Volume of distribution
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
- Protein binding
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
Bound to beta-lipoproteins in blood.
- Metabolism
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
Hepatic.
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
- Half-life
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
- Clearance
In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
- Adverse Effects
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In addition to any following information, owing to d-alpha-Tocopherol acetate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareOrlistat Orlistat can cause a decrease in the absorption of D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Vitamin E prodrug N9PR3490H9 59-02-9 GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N Tocofersolan prodrug O03S90U1F2 9002-96-4 Not applicable - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Aquasol E Capsules 100 I.U. Capsule 100 unit Oral Columbia Laboratories 1996-07-30 2006-07-11 Canada 
Aquasol E Capsules 100unit Capsule 100 unit / cap Oral Rhone Poulenc Rorer 1992-12-31 1997-08-13 Canada Clear Base E 800iu Cap Capsule 800 unit / cap Oral Gahler Enterprises Ltd. 1994-12-31 2008-07-17 Canada E Vitamin 200 I.U. (natural Source) - Cap Capsule 200 unit / cap Oral H.J. Sutton Industries Ltd. 1996-10-25 1998-08-31 Canada E Vitamin 400 I.U. (natural Source)-cap Capsule 400 unit / cap Oral H.J. Sutton Industries Ltd. 1996-10-25 1998-08-31 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Allbee C 800 Tab D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (45 unit) + Ascorbic acid (800 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (17 mcg) + Nicotinamide (100 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (33 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (30 mg) + Riboflavin (17 mg) + Thiamine mononitrate (15 mg) Tablet Oral Whitehall Robins Inc. 1994-12-31 2003-08-01 Canada C.E.b12 Complex Pwr D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (6 unit / g) + Ascorbic acid (200 mg / g) + Cyanocobalamin (1.8 mcg / g) Powder Oral Pure Life International Prods Inc. 1993-12-31 2002-07-04 Canada Cheon Shim Bo Hwa D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (1 mg/1) + Borage oil (311 mg/1) Capsule Oral Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd 2011-04-06 Not applicable US 
Cheon Shim Bo Yun D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (3 mg/1) + N-Acetylglucosamine (263 mg/1) + Soy isoflavones (30 mg/1) Capsule Oral Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd 2010-11-08 Not applicable US Childrens Chewab Vitamin W Chel Minerals D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (25 unit) + Ascorbic acid (75 mg) + Biotin (50 mcg) + Cyanocobalamin (10 mcg) + Folic acid (10 mcg) + Iodine (1 mg) + Iron (5 mg) + Nicotinamide (10 mg) + Pantothenic acid (10 mg) + Pyridoxine (5 mg) + Riboflavin (5 mg) + Thiamine (5 mg) + Vitamin A (5000 unit) + Vitamin D (400 unit) Tablet Oral Anabolic Laboratories Inc. 1981-12-31 1996-10-02 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Active OB D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + Doconexent (320 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (2 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (30 mg/1) Capsule, liquid filled Oral Gm Pharmaceuticals 2013-10-28 2017-03-31 US Cheon Shim Bo Hwa D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (1 mg/1) + Borage oil (311 mg/1) Capsule Oral Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd 2011-04-06 Not applicable US Cheon Shim Bo Yun D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (3 mg/1) + N-Acetylglucosamine (263 mg/1) + Soy isoflavones (30 mg/1) Capsule Oral Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd 2010-11-08 Not applicable US Duet DHA D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (3 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2800 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (200 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (820 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (220 ug/1) + Iron (25 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (430 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Wh Nutritionals, Llc 2011-09-09 2014-12-31 US Duet DHA D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (3 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2800 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (200 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (820 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (220 ug/1) + Iron (25 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (400 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Wh Nutritionals, Llc 2011-09-09 2014-12-31 US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- A7E6112E4N
- CAS number
- 58-95-7
- InChI Key
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C31H52O3/c1-21(2)13-10-14-22(3)15-11-16-23(4)17-12-19-31(9)20-18-28-26(7)29(33-27(8)32)24(5)25(6)30(28)34-31/h21-23H,10-20H2,1-9H3/t22-,23-,31-/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl acetate
- SMILES
- CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@]1(C)CCC2=C(C)C(OC(C)=O)=C(C)C(C)=C2O1
References
- General References
- Iuliano L, Micheletta F, Maranghi M, Frati G, Diczfalusy U, Violi F: Bioavailability of vitamin E as function of food intake in healthy subjects: effects on plasma peroxide-scavenging activity and cholesterol-oxidation products. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001 Oct;21(10):E34-7. [Article]
- Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, Riemersma RA, Appel LJ, Guallar E: Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):37-46. Epub 2004 Nov 10. [Article]
- Horwitt MK, Elliott WH, Kanjananggulpan P, Fitch CD: Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol after ingestion of various vitamin E preparations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Aug;40(2):240-5. [Article]
- Rumbold AR, Crowther CA, Haslam RR, Dekker GA, Robinson JS: Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 27;354(17):1796-806. [Article]
- Poston L, Briley AL, Seed PT, Kelly FJ, Shennan AH: Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 Apr 8;367(9517):1145-54. [Article]
- Schmolz L, Birringer M, Lorkowski S, Wallert M: Complexity of vitamin E metabolism. World J Biol Chem. 2016 Feb 26;7(1):14-43. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.14. [Article]
- Zondlo Fiume M: Final report on the safety assessment of Tocopherol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Tocopheryl Linoleate, Tocopheryl Linoleate/Oleate, Tocopheryl Nicotinate, Tocopheryl Succinate, Dioleyl Tocopheryl Methylsilanol, Potassium Ascorbyl Tocopheryl Phosphate, and Tocophersolan. Int J Toxicol. 2002;21 Suppl 3:51-116. doi: 10.1080/10915810290169819. [Article]
- Ricciarelli R, Tasinato A, Clement S, Ozer NK, Boscoboinik D, Azzi A: alpha-Tocopherol specifically inactivates cellular protein kinase C alpha by changing its phosphorylation state. Biochem J. 1998 Aug 15;334 ( Pt 1):243-9. doi: 10.1042/bj3340243. [Article]
- Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds (2000). Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press (US). [ISBN:0309069491]
- Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center: Vitamin E [Link]
- National Institute for Health [Link]
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Safety Assessment of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols as Used in Cosmetics [Link]
- Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology: Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Annatto δ-tocotrienol in Healthy Fed Subjects [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D01735
- KEGG Compound
- C13202
- ChemSpider
- 77987
- 1441649
- ChEBI
- 32321
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1047
- ZINC
- ZINC000004172337
- Wikipedia
- Tocopheryl_acetate
- MSDS
- Download (47.5 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 3 Completed Prevention Pre-Eclampsia 1 2, 3 Completed Basic Science Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule, liquid filled Oral Powder Oral Capsule Oral Capsule Oral 800 unit / cap Capsule Oral Capsule, gelatin coated; kit; tablet Oral Capsule, liquid filled; kit; tablet Oral Kit Oral Capsule Oral 600 unit / cap Lotion Topical Liquid Topical Tablet, chewable Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Paste, dentifrice Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Suspension / drops Oral Tablet Oral Liquid Oral Tablet, coated Oral Tablet Oral 2.5 unit / tab Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet Oral 400 unit / cap Capsule Oral 100 unit Capsule Oral 100 unit / cap Capsule Oral 400 unit / cap Capsule Oral 200 unit / cap - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Not Available
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 2.93e-06 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 9.19 ALOGPS logP 10.42 Chemaxon logS -8.2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.9 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 35.53 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 14 Chemaxon Refractivity 144.53 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 60.48 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 244.1563355 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 243.0611355 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 219.73743 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 245.0323355 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 244.0306355 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 222.133 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 243.9073355 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 243.5128355 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 228.04553 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Probable hydrophobic ligand-binding protein; may play a role in the transport of hydrophobic ligands like tocopherol, squalene and phospholipids.
- Gene Name
- SEC14L3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UDX4
- Uniprot Name
- SEC14-like protein 3
- Molecular Weight
- 46047.835 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Ye X, Ji C, Yin G, Tang R, Zeng L, Gu S, Ying K, Xie Y, Zhao RC, Mao Y: Characterization of a human Sec14-like protein cDNA SEC14L3 highly homologous to human SPF/TAP. Mol Biol Rep. 2004 Mar;31(1):59-63. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Vitamin e binding
- Specific Function
- Carrier protein. Binds to some hydrophobic molecules and promotes their transfer between the different cellular sites. Binds with high affinity to alpha-tocopherol. Also binds with a weaker affinit...
- Gene Name
- SEC14L2
- Uniprot ID
- O76054
- Uniprot Name
- SEC14-like protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 46144.9 Da
References
- Neuzil J, Dong LF, Wang XF, Zingg JM: Tocopherol-associated protein-1 accelerates apoptosis induced by alpha-tocopheryl succinate in mesothelioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 May 19;343(4):1113-7. Epub 2006 Mar 31. [Article]
- Ni J, Pang ST, Yeh S: Differential retention of alpha-vitamin E is correlated with its transporter gene expression and growth inhibition efficacy in prostate cancer cells. Prostate. 2007 Apr 1;67(5):463-71. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism an...
- Gene Name
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID
- O75469
- Uniprot Name
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Rabovsky A, Cuomo J, Eich N: Measurement of plasma antioxidant reserve after supplementation with various antioxidants in healthy subjects. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Sep;371(1-2):55-60. Epub 2006 Mar 6. [Article]
- Meijerman I, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH: Herb-drug interactions in oncology: focus on mechanisms of induction. Oncologist. 2006 Jul-Aug;11(7):742-52. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosom...
- Gene Name
- PRKCB
- Uniprot ID
- P05771
- Uniprot Name
- Protein kinase C beta type
- Molecular Weight
- 76868.45 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Wigg SJ, Tare M, Forbes J, Cooper ME, Thomas MC, Coleman HA, Parkington HC, O'Brien RC: Early vitamin E supplementation attenuates diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction and the rise in protein kinase C-beta in mesenteric artery and ameliorates wall stiffness in femoral artery of Wistar rats. Diabetologia. 2004 Jun;47(6):1038-46. Epub 2004 Jun 8. [Article]
- Huang Y, Ishizuka T, Miura A, Kajita K, Ishizawa M, Kimura M, Yamamoto Y, Kawai Y, Morita H, Uno Y, Yasuda K: Effect of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and vitamin E on insulin-induced glucose uptake in rat adipocytes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002 Mar;55(3):175-83. [Article]
- Ganz MB, Seftel A: Glucose-induced changes in protein kinase C and nitric oxide are prevented by vitamin E. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan;278(1):E146-52. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes.
- Gene Name
- ALOX5
- Uniprot ID
- P09917
- Uniprot Name
- Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
- Molecular Weight
- 77982.595 Da
References
- Taccone-Gallucci M, Manca-di-Villahermosa S, Battistini L, Stuffler RG, Tedesco M, Maccarrone M: N-3 PUFAs reduce oxidative stress in ESRD patients on maintenance HD by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activity. Kidney Int. 2006 Apr;69(8):1450-4. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in positive and negative regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differenti...
- Gene Name
- PRKCA
- Uniprot ID
- P17252
- Uniprot Name
- Protein kinase C alpha type
- Molecular Weight
- 76749.445 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Azzi A, Boscoboinik D, Clement S, Marilley D, Ozer NK, Ricciarelli R, Tasinato A: Alpha-tocopherol as a modulator of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1997 Oct;57(4-5):507-14. [Article]
- Sylvester PW, McIntyre BS, Gapor A, Briski KP: Vitamin E inhibition of normal mammary epithelial cell growth is associated with a reduction in protein kinase C(alpha) activation. Cell Prolif. 2001 Dec;34(6):347-57. [Article]
- Huang Y, Ishizuka T, Miura A, Kajita K, Ishizawa M, Kimura M, Yamamoto Y, Kawai Y, Morita H, Uno Y, Yasuda K: Effect of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and vitamin E on insulin-induced glucose uptake in rat adipocytes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002 Mar;55(3):175-83. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Glutathione transferase activity
- Specific Function
- Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.
- Gene Name
- GSTA2
- Uniprot ID
- P09210
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione S-transferase A2
- Molecular Weight
- 25663.675 Da
References
- Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J: alpha-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Dec;21(12):1222-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.010. Epub 2010 Feb 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- S-nitrosoglutathione binding
- Specific Function
- Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration.
- Gene Name
- GSTP1
- Uniprot ID
- P09211
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione S-transferase P
- Molecular Weight
- 23355.625 Da
References
- Ralat LA, Colman RF: Identification of tyrosine 79 in the tocopherol binding site of glutathione S-transferase pi. Biochemistry. 2006 Oct 17;45(41):12491-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity
- Specific Function
- Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Has S-(phenacyl)glutathione reductase activity. Has also glutathione S-transferase activity. Participates...
- Gene Name
- GSTO1
- Uniprot ID
- P78417
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione S-transferase omega-1
- Molecular Weight
- 27565.6 Da
References
- Sampayo-Reyes A, Zakharyan RA: Tocopherol esters inhibit human glutathione S-transferase omega. Acta Biochim Pol. 2006;53(3):547-52. Epub 2006 Oct 1. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. May govern uptake and detoxification of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics at the t...
- Gene Name
- GSTM3
- Uniprot ID
- P21266
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3
- Molecular Weight
- 26559.32 Da
References
- Mustacich DJ, Gohil K, Bruno RS, Yan M, Leonard SW, Ho E, Cross CE, Traber MG: Alpha-tocopherol modulates genes involved in hepatic xenobiotic pathways in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2009 Jun;20(6):469-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.05.007. Epub 2008 Sep 11. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Magnesium ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- GCLC
- Uniprot ID
- P48506
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- Molecular Weight
- 72765.14 Da
References
- Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J: alpha-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Dec;21(12):1222-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.010. Epub 2010 Feb 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Superoxide dismutase activity
- Specific Function
- The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinons involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vit...
- Gene Name
- NQO1
- Uniprot ID
- P15559
- Uniprot Name
- NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1
- Molecular Weight
- 30867.405 Da
References
- Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J: alpha-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Dec;21(12):1222-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.010. Epub 2010 Feb 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Signal transducer activity
- Specific Function
- Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the a...
- Gene Name
- HMOX1
- Uniprot ID
- P09601
- Uniprot Name
- Heme oxygenase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 32818.345 Da
References
- Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J: alpha-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Dec;21(12):1222-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.010. Epub 2010 Feb 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
- Gene Name
- SOD1
- Uniprot ID
- P00441
- Uniprot Name
- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
- Molecular Weight
- 15935.685 Da
References
- Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J: alpha-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Dec;21(12):1222-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.010. Epub 2010 Feb 12. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Vitamin e binding
- Specific Function
- Binds alpha-tocopherol, enhances its transfer between separate membranes, and stimulates its release from liver cells (PubMed:7887897). Binds both phosphatidylinol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidyl...
- Gene Name
- TTPA
- Uniprot ID
- P49638
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein
- Molecular Weight
- 31749.305 Da
Drug created at March 25, 2018 19:28 / Updated at June 12, 2020 16:53