Medical Cannabis
Identification
- Generic Name
- Medical Cannabis
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB14009
- Background
The use of the plant species Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, popularly known as marijuana, has gained popularity in recent years for the management of a wide variety of medical conditions as a wave of legalization in North America has changed public and medical opinion on its use. Consequently, an expanding body of evidence has begun to emerge that has demonstrated its potential usefulness in the management of conditions such as chronic pain, spasticity, inflammation, epilepsy, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among many others2. This area of research is controversial and has been heavily debated, however, due to concerns over risks of addiction, long-term health effects, and Cannabis' association with schizophrenia.
From a pharmacological perspective, Cannabis' diverse receptor profile explains its potential application for such a wide variety of medical conditions. Cannabis contains more than 400 different chemical compounds, of which 61 are considered cannabinoids, a class of compounds that act upon cannabinoid receptors of the body 1. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) are two types of cannabinoids found naturally in the resin of the marijuana plant, both of which interact with the cannabinoid receptors that are found throughout the body. Although THC and CBD have been the most studied cannabinoids, there are many others identified to date including cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabidivarin (CBDV), and Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) that have been shown to modify the physiological effects of cannabis 10.
While both CBD and THC are used for medicinal purposes, they have different receptor activity, function, and physiological effects. THC and CBD are converted from their precursors, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (THCA-A) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), through decarboxylation when unfertilized female cannabis flowers are activated either through heating, smoking, vaporization, or baking. While cannabis in its natural plant form is currently used "off-label" for the management of many medical conditions, THC is currently commercially available in synthetic form as Nabilone, as purified isomer as Dronabinol, or in a 1:1 formulation with CBD from purified plant extract as Nabiximols.
Cannabinoid receptors are utilized endogenously by the body through the endocannabinoid system, which includes a group of lipid proteins, enzymes, and receptors that are involved in many physiological processes. Through its modulation of neurotransmitter release, the endocannabinoid system regulates cognition, pain sensation, appetite, memory, sleep, immune function, and mood among many others. These effects are largely mediated through two members of the G-protein coupled receptor family, cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2)2. CB1 receptors are found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, with the majority of receptors localized to the hippocampus and amygdala of the brain. Physiological effects of using cannabis make sense in the context of its receptor activity as the hippocampus and amygdala are primarily involved with regulation of memory, fear, and emotion. In contrast, CB2 receptors are mainly found peripherally in immune cells, lymphoid tissue, and peripheral nerve terminals 4.
The primary psychoactive component of Cannabis, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), demonstrates its effects through weak partial agonist activity at Cannabinoid-1 (CB1R) and Cannabinoid-2 (CB2R) receptors. This activity results in the well-known effects of smoking cannabis such as increased appetite, reduced pain, and changes in emotional and cognitive processes. In contrast to THC's weak agonist activity, CBD has been shown to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, the most abundant G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) in the body 5. Allosteric regulation is achieved through the modulation of receptor activity on a functionally distinct site from the agonist or antagonist binding site, which is therapeutically important as direct agonists are limited by their psychomimetic effects while direct antagonists are limited by their depressant effects 5.
There is further evidence that CBD also activates 5-HT1A serotonergic and TRPV1–2 vanilloid receptors, antagonizes alpha-1 adrenergic and µ-opioid receptors, inhibits synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and gaminobutyric acid and cellular uptake of anandamide, acts on mitochondria Ca2 stores, blocks low-voltage-activated (T-type) Ca2 channels, stimulates activity of the inhibitory glycine-receptor, and inhibits activity of fatty amide hydrolase (FAAH) 6,7.
Due to the differences in receptor profile between CBD and THC, these cannabinoids are understandably used to treat different conditions. Furthermore, when combined with THC, CBD has been shown to modulate THC's activity, resulting in differences in pharmacological effect between "strains", or chemovars, of the Cannabis plant which are bred to contain different concentrations of CBD and THC. For example, strains containing a high proportion of CBD have been shown to reduce the psychosis- and anxiety-inducing effects of THC 13. Reliably studying the effects of Cannabis is complicated by the large variety of available strains and by the numerous other compounds that Cannabis contains such as terpenes, flavonoids, phenols, amino acids, and fatty acids among many others that have shown potential to modulate the plant's pharmacological effect 11,12.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Experimental, Investigational
- Synonyms
- Cannabis
- Cannabis indica
- Cannabis indica top
- Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top
- Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top extract
- Hashish top
- Marihuana
- Marijuana
- Marijuana top
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
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- Pharmacodynamics
The primary psychoactive component of Cannabis, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), demonstrates its effects through weak partial agonist activity at Cannabinoid-1 (CB1R) and Cannabinoid-2 (CB2R) receptors. This activity results in the well-known effects of smoking cannabis such as increased appetite, reduced pain, and changes in emotional and cognitive processes.
In contrast to THC's weak agonist activity, CBD has been shown to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, the most abundant G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) in the body 5. There is further evidence that CBD also activates 5-HT1A serotonergic and TRPV1–2 vanilloid receptors, antagonizes alpha-1 adrenergic and µ-opioid receptors, inhibits synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and gaminobutyric acid and cellular uptake of anandamide, acts on mitochondria Ca2 stores, blocks low-voltage-activated (T-type) Ca2 channels, stimulates activity of the inhibitory glycine-receptor, and inhibits activity of fatty amide hydrolase (FAAH) 6,7.
- Mechanism of action
- Absorption
Route of administration and formulation determine the rate of drug absorption. Smoking cannabis provides the most rapid route of absorption directly from lungs to brain (with THC levels reaching their peak within 3-10 minutes), while oral administration (with "edibles") is the slowest (with THC levels reaching their peak within 1-2 hours) 8. In one study, maximum plasma concentration after oral administration, was found to be 4.4-11 ng/mL for 20 mg of THC and 2.7-6.3 ng/mL for 15 mg 1.
- Volume of distribution
As a very lipophilic molecule, THC is rapidly distributed into highly perfused tissues such as the lungs, heart, brain, and liver resulting in rapid decreases in plasma concentration. This quick distribution is then also followed by a slow re-release from fatty tissues back into the blood stream, prolonging the half-life of THC 8,1.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
THC is primarily metabolized in the liver by microsomal hydroxylation and oxidation reactions catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 enzymes. 11-hydroxy-▵9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) is the primary active metabolite, capable of producing psychological and behavioural effects, which is then metabolized into 11-nor-9-carboxy-▵ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), THC's primary inactive metabolite 1.
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- Route of elimination
Cannabis is primarily eliminated through the feces, with >65% showing up in elimination studies while 20% is excreted in urine 1.
- Half-life
The half life of THC in the body depends on frequency of use: for a one time user, THC may be detectable in the blood for up to 1.3 days post-use, while for a frequent user may be present in the bloodstream for 5-13 days 8,1
- Clearance
One study reported average plasma clearance rates to be 11.8± 3 L/hour for women and 14.9 ±3.7 L/hour for men 9. Others have determined approximately 36 L/hour for naïve cannabis users and 60 L/hour for regular cannabis users 1.
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbametapir The serum concentration of Medical Cannabis can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Medical Cannabis can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abemaciclib The serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Medical Cannabis. Abrocitinib The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Medical Cannabis. Acalabrutinib The serum concentration of Acalabrutinib can be increased when it is combined with Medical Cannabis. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Agents producing tachycardia
- BCRP/ABCG2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- Pharmaceutical Preparations
- UGT1A9 Inhibitors
- UGT1A9 Substrates
- UGT2B17 substrates
- UGT2B7 inducers
- UGT2B7 Inhibitors
- UGT2B7 substrates
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- FTS5RM302N
- CAS number
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Sharma P, Murthy P, Bharath MM: Chemistry, metabolism, and toxicology of cannabis: clinical implications. Iran J Psychiatry. 2012 Fall;7(4):149-56. [Article]
- Zou S, Kumar U: Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 13;19(3). pii: ijms19030833. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030833. [Article]
- Pertwee RG: The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;153(2):199-215. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442. Epub 2007 Sep 10. [Article]
- Kaur R, Ambwani SR, Singh S: Endocannabinoid System: A Multi-Facet Therapeutic Target. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2016;11(2):110-7. [Article]
- Laprairie RB, Bagher AM, Kelly ME, Denovan-Wright EM: Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Oct;172(20):4790-805. doi: 10.1111/bph.13250. Epub 2015 Oct 13. [Article]
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Zhornitsky S, Potvin S: Cannabidiol in humans-the quest for therapeutic targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2012 May 21;5(5):529-52. doi: 10.3390/ph5050529. [Article]
- Huestis MA: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the plant cannabinoids, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2005;(168):657-90. [Article]
- Karschner EL, Schwilke EW, Lowe RH, Darwin WD, Herning RI, Cadet JL, Huestis MA: Implications of plasma Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-THC, and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC concentrations in chronic cannabis smokers. J Anal Toxicol. 2009 Oct;33(8):469-77. [Article]
- Elsohly MA, Slade D: Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids. Life Sci. 2005 Dec 22;78(5):539-48. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.011. Epub 2005 Sep 30. [Article]
- Pollastro F, Minassi A, Fresu LG: Cannabis Phenolics and their Bioactivities. Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(10):1160-1185. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170810164636. [Article]
- Baron EP: Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Marijuana, Cannabinoids, and Therapeutic Implications in Medicine and Headache: What a Long Strange Trip It's Been .... Headache. 2015 Jun;55(6):885-916. doi: 10.1111/head.12570. Epub 2015 May 25. [Article]
- Niesink RJ, van Laar MW: Does Cannabidiol Protect Against Adverse Psychological Effects of THC? Front Psychiatry. 2013 Oct 16;4:130. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00130. [Article]
- External Links
- 2168435
- Wikipedia
- Medical_cannabis
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment Fibromyalgia 1 4 Recruiting Other Cannabis Use / Opioids Use / Respiratory Depression 1 4 Recruiting Treatment Dependence, Cocaine 1 4 Withdrawn Basic Science Accidents, Traffic / Cannabis / Drinking, Alcohol 1 3 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Autism Disorder 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Targets
![](https://go.drugbank.com/assets/locked/DrugTargets2-682eb846d210ae4bf33ca03febccfb57bb1c61318e699b729e5df4dfab2c5b67.png)
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Negative modulator
- General Function
- Drug binding
- Specific Function
- Involved in cannabinoid-induced CNS effects. Acts by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Could be a receptor for anandamide. Inhibits L-type Ca(2+) channel current. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 have altered l...
- Gene Name
- CNR1
- Uniprot ID
- P21554
- Uniprot Name
- Cannabinoid receptor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 52857.365 Da
References
- Pertwee RG: The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;153(2):199-215. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442. Epub 2007 Sep 10. [Article]
- Laprairie RB, Bagher AM, Kelly ME, Denovan-Wright EM: Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Oct;172(20):4790-805. doi: 10.1111/bph.13250. Epub 2015 Oct 13. [Article]
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Cannabinoid receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor for endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol mediating inhibition of adenylate cyclase. May function in inflammatory response, nociceptive transmission and b...
- Gene Name
- CNR2
- Uniprot ID
- P34972
- Uniprot Name
- Cannabinoid receptor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 39680.275 Da
References
- Pertwee RG: The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;153(2):199-215. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442. Epub 2007 Sep 10. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inverse agonist
- General Function
- Promotes neurite outgrowth and blocks myelin inhibition in neurons (By similarity). Receptor with constitutive G(s) signaling activity that stimulates cyclic AMP production.
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor activity
- Gene Name
- GPR12
- Uniprot ID
- P47775
- Uniprot Name
- G-protein coupled receptor 12
- Molecular Weight
- 36729.785 Da
References
- Brown KJ, Laun AS, Song ZH: Cannabidiol, a novel inverse agonist for GPR12. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Nov 4;493(1):451-454. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.001. Epub 2017 Sep 6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name
- GLRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P23415
- Uniprot Name
- Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 52623.35 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
Components:
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name
- GLRA3
- Uniprot ID
- O75311
- Uniprot Name
- Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3
- Molecular Weight
- 53799.775 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for N-arachidonyl glycine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. May contribute to regulation of the immune system.
- Gene Name
- GPR18
- Uniprot ID
- Q14330
- Uniprot Name
- N-arachidonyl glycine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 38133.27 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor activity
- Specific Function
- May be involved in hyperalgesia associated with inflammatory and neuropathic pain (By similarity). Receptor for L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). LPI induces Ca(2+) release from intracellular...
- Gene Name
- GPR55
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y2T6
- Uniprot Name
- G-protein coupled receptor 55
- Molecular Weight
- 36637.12 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
- Gene Name
- HTR1A
- Uniprot ID
- P08908
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
- Molecular Weight
- 46106.335 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodop...
- Gene Name
- HTR2A
- Uniprot ID
- P28223
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
- Molecular Weight
- 52602.58 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. The cha...
- Gene Name
- CHRNA7
- Uniprot ID
- P36544
- Uniprot Name
- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7
- Molecular Weight
- 56448.925 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Opioid receptor activity
- Specific Function
- G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine n...
- Gene Name
- OPRD1
- Uniprot ID
- P41143
- Uniprot Name
- Delta-type opioid receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 40368.235 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone...
- Gene Name
- OPRM1
- Uniprot ID
- P35372
- Uniprot Name
- Mu-type opioid receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 44778.855 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE...
- Gene Name
- PPARG
- Uniprot ID
- P37231
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Molecular Weight
- 57619.58 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular aci...
- Gene Name
- TRPV1
- Uniprot ID
- Q8NER1
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 94955.33 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Bisogno T, Hanus L, De Petrocellis L, Tchilibon S, Ponde DE, Brandi I, Moriello AS, Davis JB, Mechoulam R, Di Marzo V: Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Oct;134(4):845-52. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704327. [Article]
- Iannotti FA, Hill CL, Leo A, Alhusaini A, Soubrane C, Mazzarella E, Russo E, Whalley BJ, Di Marzo V, Stephens GJ: Nonpsychotropic plant cannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabidiol (CBD), activate and desensitize transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in vitro: potential for the treatment of neuronal hyperexcitability. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2014 Nov 19;5(11):1131-41. doi: 10.1021/cn5000524. Epub 2014 Jul 29. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Scaffold protein binding
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1G
- Uniprot ID
- O43497
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G
- Molecular Weight
- 262468.62 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Scaffold protein binding
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1H
- Uniprot ID
- O95180
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H
- Molecular Weight
- 259160.2 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1I
- Uniprot ID
- Q9P0X4
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I
- Molecular Weight
- 245100.8 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Temperature-gated cation channel activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of pain and possibly also in cold perception and inner ear function (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:25855297). Has a central role in t...
- Gene Name
- TRPA1
- Uniprot ID
- O75762
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 127499.88 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of sensations such as coolness, by being activated by cold temperature below 25 degrees Celsius. Activated by icilin, eucalypto...
- Gene Name
- TRPM8
- Uniprot ID
- Q7Z2W7
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 127684.035 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Calcium-permeable, non-selective cation channel with an outward rectification. Seems to be regulated, at least in part, by IGF-I, PDGF and neuropeptide head activator. May transduce physical stimuli in mast cells. Activated by temperatures higher than 52 degrees Celsius; is not activated by vanilloids and acidic pH.
- Specific Function
- Calcium channel activity
- Gene Name
- TRPV2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y5S1
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 85980.335 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Putative receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. It is activated by innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures greater than 39 d...
- Gene Name
- TRPV3
- Uniprot ID
- Q8NET8
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3
- Molecular Weight
- 90635.115 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in osmotic sensitivity and mechanosensitivity. Activation by exposure to hypotonicity within the physiological range exhibits an outward rectification (PubMed:18826956, PubMed:18695040). Also activated by heat, low pH, citrate and phorbol esters (PubMed:18826956, PubMed:18695040). Increase of intracellular Ca(2+) potentiates currents. Channel activity seems to be regulated by a calmodulin-dependent mechanism with a negative feedback mechanism (PubMed:12724311, PubMed:18826956). Promotes cell-cell junction formation in skin keratinocytes and plays an important role in the formation and/or maintenance of functional intercellular barriers (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of intracellular Ca(2+) in synoviocytes (PubMed:19759329). Plays an obligatory role as a molecular component in the nonselective cation channel activation induced by 4-alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate and hypotonic stimulation in synoviocytes and also regulates production of IL-8 (PubMed:19759329). Together with PKD2, forms mechano- and thermosensitive channels in cilium (PubMed:18695040). Negatively regulates expression of PPARGC1A, UCP1, oxidative metabolism and respiration in adipocytes (By similarity). Regulates expression of chemokines and cytokines related to proinflammatory pathway in adipocytes (By similarity). Together with AQP5, controls regulatory volume decrease in salivary epithelial cells (By similarity). Required for normal development and maintenance of bone and cartilage (PubMed:26249260).
- Specific Function
- Actin binding
- Gene Name
- TRPV4
- Uniprot ID
- Q9HBA0
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4
- Molecular Weight
- 98280.2 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Voltage-gated anion channel activity
- Specific Function
- Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane and also the plasma membrane. The channel at the outer mitochondrial membrane allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules; in the plasma...
- Gene Name
- VDAC1
- Uniprot ID
- P21796
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 30772.39 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Hydrolyzes N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) to produce N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and phosphatidic acid. Responsible for the generation of anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine), the ligand of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors (By similarity).
- Specific Function
- Identical protein binding
- Gene Name
- NAPEPLD
- Uniprot ID
- Q6IQ20
- Uniprot Name
- N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D
- Molecular Weight
- 45595.15 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Degrades bioactive fatty acid amides to their corresponding acids, with the following preference: N-palmitoylethanolamine > N-myristoylethanolamine > N-lauroylethanolamine = N-stearoylethanolamine > N-arachidonoylethanolamine > N-oleoylethanolamine. Also exhibits weak hydrolytic activity against the ceramides N-lauroylsphingosine and N-palmitoylsphingosine.
- Specific Function
- Hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds
- Gene Name
- NAAA
- Uniprot ID
- Q02083
- Uniprot Name
- N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase
- Molecular Weight
- 40065.65 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- Controls the night/day rhythm of melatonin production in the pineal gland. Catalyzes the N-acetylation of serotonin into N-acetylserotonin, the penultimate step in the synthesis of melatonin.
- Gene Name
- AANAT
- Uniprot ID
- Q16613
- Uniprot Name
- Serotonin N-acetyltransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 23343.8 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- InhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides, this releases glycerophospholipids and arachidonic acid that serve as the precursors of signal molecules.
- Gene Name
- PLA2G1B
- Uniprot ID
- P04054
- Uniprot Name
- Phospholipase A2
- Molecular Weight
- 16359.535 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
- Gene Name
- SOD1
- Uniprot ID
- P00441
- Uniprot Name
- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
- Molecular Weight
- 15935.685 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Fatty acid amide hydrolase activity
- Specific Function
- Degrades bioactive fatty acid amides like oleamide, the endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide and myristic amide to their corresponding acids, thereby serving to terminate the signaling functions of t...
- Gene Name
- FAAH
- Uniprot ID
- O00519
- Uniprot Name
- Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 63065.28 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia c...
- Gene Name
- CAT
- Uniprot ID
- P04040
- Uniprot Name
- Catalase
- Molecular Weight
- 59755.82 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Does not have alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Binds NADP and acts through a one-electron transfer process. Orthoquinones, such as 1,2-naphthoquinone or 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, are the best substr...
- Gene Name
- CRYZ
- Uniprot ID
- Q08257
- Uniprot Name
- Quinone oxidoreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 35206.36 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. Also has phospholipase C activities toward 1,2-diacylglycerolphosphocholine and 1,2-diacylglycerolphosphoglycerol. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 have lost catalytic ac...
- Gene Name
- SMPD1
- Uniprot ID
- P17405
- Uniprot Name
- Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
- Molecular Weight
- 69751.3 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Sh3 domain binding
- Specific Function
- Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.
- Gene Name
- GPX1
- Uniprot ID
- P07203
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione peroxidase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 22087.94 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function
- Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
- Gene Name
- GSR
- Uniprot ID
- P00390
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 56256.565 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Nadph binding
- Specific Function
- Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including...
- Gene Name
- HMGCR
- Uniprot ID
- P04035
- Uniprot Name
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 97475.155 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway (PubMed:17671174). Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, cont...
- Gene Name
- IDO1
- Uniprot ID
- P14902
- Uniprot Name
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 45325.89 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gas...
- Gene Name
- PTGS1
- Uniprot ID
- P23219
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 68685.82 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and...
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone to their 17-alpha-hydroxylated products and subsequently to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Catalyzes both the 17-alpha-hydroxylation ...
- Gene Name
- CYP17A1
- Uniprot ID
- P05093
- Uniprot Name
- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase
- Molecular Weight
- 57369.995 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function
- Plays a major role in ketone body metabolism.
- Gene Name
- ACAT1
- Uniprot ID
- P24752
- Uniprot Name
- Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 45199.2 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P: Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Dec;49(12):1070-1080. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000442. Epub 2021 Sep 7. [Article]
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P: Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Dec;49(12):1070-1080. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000442. Epub 2021 Sep 7. [Article]
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- InhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P04798
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A1
- Molecular Weight
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P: Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Dec;49(12):1070-1080. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000442. Epub 2021 Sep 7. [Article]
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q16678
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 60845.33 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P: Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Dec;49(12):1070-1080. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000442. Epub 2021 Sep 7. [Article]
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
- Gene Name
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID
- P05181
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2E1
- Molecular Weight
- 56848.42 Da
References
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P: Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Dec;49(12):1070-1080. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000442. Epub 2021 Sep 7. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P: Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Dec;49(12):1070-1080. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000442. Epub 2021 Sep 7. [Article]
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Nabilone FDA Label [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P: Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Dec;49(12):1070-1080. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000442. Epub 2021 Sep 7. [Article]
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID
- P20815
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A5
- Molecular Weight
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Glucuronosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol su...
- Gene Name
- UGT2B7
- Uniprot ID
- P16662
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7
- Molecular Weight
- 60694.12 Da
References
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Retinoic acid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A9
- Uniprot ID
- O60656
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
- Molecular Weight
- 59940.495 Da
References
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Triglyceride lipase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Hydrolyzes aromatic and aliphatic esters, but has no catalytic activity toward amides or a fatty acy...
- Gene Name
- CES1
- Uniprot ID
- P23141
- Uniprot Name
- Liver carboxylesterase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 62520.62 Da
References
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A7
- Uniprot ID
- P24462
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A7
- Molecular Weight
- 57525.03 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes.
- Gene Name
- ALOX5
- Uniprot ID
- P09917
- Uniprot Name
- Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
- Molecular Weight
- 77982.595 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
- Specific Function
- Non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the stereo-specific peroxidation of free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating a spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators. Converts ...
- Gene Name
- ALOX15
- Uniprot ID
- P16050
- Uniprot Name
- Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
- Molecular Weight
- 74803.795 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible f...
- Gene Name
- CYP2J2
- Uniprot ID
- P51589
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2J2
- Molecular Weight
- 57610.165 Da
References
- Kocis PT, Vrana KE: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2020 Jul 7;3(1):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000507998. eCollection 2020 Aug. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Retinoic acid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A7
- Uniprot ID
- Q9HAW7
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-7
- Molecular Weight
- 59818.315 Da
References
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Protein kinase c binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A10
- Uniprot ID
- Q9HAW8
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10
- Molecular Weight
- 59809.075 Da
References
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q9HAW9
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8
- Molecular Weight
- 59741.035 Da
References
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
- Gene Name
- SOD1
- Uniprot ID
- P00441
- Uniprot Name
- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
- Molecular Weight
- 15935.685 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Const...
- Gene Name
- CYP2A6
- Uniprot ID
- P11509
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2A6
- Molecular Weight
- 56501.005 Da
References
- Alsherbiny MA, Li CG: Medicinal Cannabis-Potential Drug Interactions. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Dec 23;6(1). pii: medicines6010003. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Glucuronosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The major substrates of this isozyme are eugenol > 4-methylumbe...
- Gene Name
- UGT2B17
- Uniprot ID
- O75795
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17
- Molecular Weight
- 61094.915 Da
References
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o-glucuronide, methotre...
- Gene Name
- ABCC1
- Uniprot ID
- P33527
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 171589.5 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates both influx and efflux of nucleosides across the membrane (equilibrative transporter). It is sensitive (ES) to low concentrations of the inhibitor nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR...
- Gene Name
- SLC29A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q99808
- Uniprot Name
- Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1
- Molecular Weight
- 50218.805 Da
References
- Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ: Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0377-3. [Article]
- Carrier EJ, Auchampach JA, Hillard CJ: Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: a mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 16;103(20):7895-900. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0511232103. Epub 2006 May 3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Stout SM, Cimino NM: Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.849268. Epub 2013 Oct 25. [Article]
- Qian Y, Gurley BJ, Markowitz JS: The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep/Oct;39(5):462-471. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001089. [Article]
Drug created at April 13, 2018 18:28 / Updated at February 13, 2024 02:57