Hydrocortisone butyrate

Identification

Summary

Hydrocortisone butyrate is a corticosteroid used to treat inflammatory and pruritic corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.

Brand Names
Locoid
Generic Name
Hydrocortisone butyrate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB14540
Background

Not Available

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 432.557
Monoisotopic: 432.251188879
Chemical Formula
C25H36O6
Synonyms
  • 11β,21-dihydroxy-17α-butyryloxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
  • 17-O-butyrylcortisol
  • Cortisol 17-butyrate
  • H-17-B
  • Hydrocortisone butyrate
  • Hydrocortisone-17alpha-butyrate

Pharmacology

Indication

For the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Also used to treat endocrine (hormonal) disorders (adrenal insufficiency, Addisons disease). It is also used to treat many immune and allergic disorders, such as arthritis, lupus, severe psoriasis, severe asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAtopic dermatitis••••••••••••
Treatment ofCorticosteroid responsive, inflammatory dermatosis•••••••••••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••
Treatment ofCorticosteroid responsive, pruritic dermatosis•••••••••••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••
Treatment ofPruritic, corticosteroid responsive, inflammatory dermatosis•••••••••••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Hydrocortisone is the most important human glucocorticoid. It is essential for life and regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic functions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic effects. Glucocorticoids are distinguished from mineralocorticoids and sex steroids by having different receptors, target cells, and effects. Technically, the term corticosteroid refers to both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, but is often used as a synonym for glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity. They act by inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, the most important of which is the IL-2. Reduced cytokine production limits T cell proliferation. Glucocorticoids also suppress humoral immunity, causing B cells to express lower amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors. This diminishes both B cell clonal expansion and antibody synthesis. The diminished amounts of IL-2 also leads to fewer T lymphocyte cells being activated.

Mechanism of action

Hydrocortisone binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In other words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.

TargetActionsOrganism
AAnnexin A1Not AvailableHumans
AGlucocorticoid receptorNot AvailableHumans
UCorticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2Not AvailableHumans
U3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1Not AvailableHumans
Absorption

Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

95%

Metabolism

Primarily hepatic via CYP3A4

Route of elimination

Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.

Half-life

6-8 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Side effects include inhibition of bone formation, suppression of calcium absorption and delayed wound healing

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Hydrocortisone butyrate can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Hydrocortisone butyrate can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbemaciclibThe metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Hydrocortisone butyrate.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Hydrocortisone butyrate.
AcarboseThe risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Hydrocortisone butyrate is combined with Acarbose.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
HydrocortisoneprodrugWI4X0X7BPJ50-23-7JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Aquax-HCream30 mg/30gTopicalPella Pharmaceuticals Co. ltd2015-03-16Not applicableUS flag
Hydrocortisone ButyrateSolution1 mg/1mLTopicalRouses Point Pharm2010-02-242017-08-31US flag
Hydrocortisone ButyrateCream1 mg/1gTopicalRemedy Repack2014-03-272015-05-12US flag
Hydrocortisone ButyrateCream1.0 mg/1gTopicalPhysicians Total Care, Inc.2011-04-25Not applicableUS flag
Hydrocortisone ButyrateOintment1 mg/1gTopicalRouses Point Pharm2009-09-012017-08-31US flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Hydrocortisone ButyrateLotion1 mg/1mLTopicalOceanside Pharmaceuticals2018-06-08Not applicableUS flag
Hydrocortisone ButyrateLotion1 mg/1mLTopicalMayne Pharma Inc.2019-11-29Not applicableUS flag
Hydrocortisone ButyrateLotion1 mg/1mLTopicalTeligent Pharma, Inc.2017-11-21Not applicableUS flag
Hydrocortisone ButyrateOintment1 mg/1gTopicalTaro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.2004-12-27Not applicableUS flag
Hydrocortisone ButyrateLotion1 mg/1mLTopicalThe J. Molner Company LLC2023-11-06Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
T.R.U.E. Test Thin-Layer Rapid Use Patch TestHydrocortisone butyrate (16 ug/48h) + 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (20 ug/48h) + 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (61 ug/48h) + 4-(Isopropylamino)diphenylamine (10 ug/48h) + Bacitracin (486 ug/48h) + Balsam of Peru (648 ug/48h) + Benzocaine (378 ug/48h) + Benzylparaben (162 ug/48h) + Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (32 ug/48h) + Bromothalonil (4 ug/48h) + Bronopol (203 ug/48h) + Budesonide (0.8 ug/48h) + Butylparaben (162 ug/48h) + Chlorquinaldol (77 ug/48h) + Cinchocaine hydrochloride (66 ug/48h) + Cinnamaldehyde (41 ug/48h) + Cinnamyl alcohol (63 ug/48h) + Clioquinol (77 ug/48h) + Cobalt chloride hexahydrate (4 ug/48h) + Diazolidinylurea (446 ug/48h) + Potassium dichromate (15.7 ug/48h) + Dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide (5.5 ug/48h) + Diphenylguanidine (68 ug/48h) + Disperse Blue 106 (41 ug/48h) + Disulfiram (5.5 ug/48h) + Ditiocarb zinc (68 ug/48h) + Ethyl hydroxybenzoate (162 ug/48h) + Ethylenediamine (18 ug/48h) + Eugenol (41 ug/48h) + Evernia prunastri (81 ug/48h) + Formaldehyde (146 ug/48h) + Geraniol (81 ug/48h) + Hydroxycitronellal (63 ug/48h) + Imidurea (486 ug/48h) + Isoeugenol (17 ug/48h) + Lanolin alcohols (810 ug/48h) + Methylchloroisothiazolinone (3 ug/48h) + Methylparaben (162 ug/48h) + Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole (20 ug/48h) + N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (25 ug/48h) + N-Cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (25 ug/48h) + Neomycin sulfate (486 ug/48h) + Nickel sulfate hexahydrate (36 ug/48h) + Parthenolide (2 ug/48h) + Propylparaben (162 ug/48h) + Quaternium-15 (81 ug/48h) + Rosin (972 ug/48h) + Sodium aurotiosulfate (23 ug/48h) + Tetracaine hydrochloride (66 ug/48h) + Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (5.5 ug/48h) + Thimerosal (6 ug/48h) + Thiohexam (20 ug/48h) + Thiram (5.5 ug/48h) + Tixocortol pivalate (2 ug/48h) + Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (68 ug/48h) + alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (17 ug/48h) + p-Phenylenediamine (65 ug/48h) + p-tert-Butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (low molecular weight) (36 ug/48h)KitCutaneousSmartPractice Denmark ApS2012-03-01Not applicableUS flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Aquax-HHydrocortisone butyrate (30 mg/30g)CreamTopicalPella Pharmaceuticals Co. ltd2015-03-16Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
D07AB02 — Hydrocortisone butyrateD07BB04 — Hydrocortisone butyrate and antiseptics
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Steroids and steroid derivatives
Sub Class
Hydroxysteroids
Direct Parent
21-hydroxysteroids
Alternative Parents
Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives / Steroid esters / 20-oxosteroids / 11-beta-hydroxysteroids / 3-oxo delta-4-steroids / Delta-4-steroids / Alpha-acyloxy ketones / Cyclohexenones / Alpha-hydroxy ketones / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives
show 6 more
Substituents
11-beta-hydroxysteroid / 11-hydroxysteroid / 20-oxosteroid / 21-hydroxysteroid / 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid / 3-oxosteroid / Alcohol / Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound / Alpha-acyloxy ketone / Alpha-hydroxy ketone
show 19 more
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
butyrate ester, cortisol ester (CHEBI:31674)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
05RMF7YPWN
CAS number
13609-67-1
InChI Key
BMCQMVFGOVHVNG-TUFAYURCSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C25H36O6/c1-4-5-21(30)31-25(20(29)14-26)11-9-18-17-7-6-15-12-16(27)8-10-23(15,2)22(17)19(28)13-24(18,25)3/h12,17-19,22,26,28H,4-11,13-14H2,1-3H3/t17-,18-,19-,22+,23-,24-,25-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(1R,3aS,3bS,9aR,9bS,10S,11aS)-10-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,7H,8H,9H,9aH,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl butanoate
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@](OC(=O)CCC)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C

References

General References
  1. de Weerth C, Zijl RH, Buitelaar JK: Development of cortisol circadian rhythm in infancy. Early Hum Dev. 2003 Aug;73(1-2):39-52. [Article]
  2. Palacios R, Sugawara I: Hydrocortisone abrogates proliferation of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by rendering the interleukin-2 Producer T cells unresponsive to interleukin-1 and unable to synthesize the T-cell growth factor. Scand J Immunol. 1982 Jan;15(1):25-31. [Article]
  3. KNIGHT RP Jr, KORNFELD DS, GLASER GH, BONDY PK: Effects of intravenous hydrocortisone on electrolytes of serum and urine in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1955 Feb;15(2):176-81. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D01619
ChemSpider
24344
BindingDB
323672
ChEBI
31674
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1683
ZINC
ZINC000003977794
Wikipedia
Hydrocortisone_butyrate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentAtopic Dermatitis1
4CompletedTreatmentGranuloma / Tracheostomy care1
4TerminatedTreatmentAtopic Dermatitis1
4Unknown StatusTreatmentGranulomatous, Mastitis2
4WithdrawnTreatmentAtopic Dermatitis1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CreamTopical0.1 %
OintmentTopical0.1 %
EmulsionTopical0.1 %
SolutionOral0.1 %
CreamTopical30 mg/30g
CreamTopical
SolutionTopical
CreamCutaneous0.100 g
CreamCutaneous1.00 mg
CreamTopical1.0 mg/1g
OintmentTopical
CreamTopical1 mg/1g
CreamTopical1.0000 mg
LotionTopical1 mg/1mL
OintmentTopical1 mg/1g
SolutionTopical1 mg/1mL
CreamCutaneous1.000 mg
CreamTopical1.000 mg
KitCutaneous
CreamTopical0.100 g
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US7378405No2008-05-272026-12-19US flag
US7981877No2011-07-192025-01-23US flag

Properties

State
Not Available
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0136 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.21ALOGPS
logP2.86Chemaxon
logS-4.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.75Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.8Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area100.9 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count6Chemaxon
Refractivity115.78 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability47.74 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-5911100000-e8864e9205adebf34b2b
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-2940000000-731a77b68084064be8ed
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00ls-0009800000-ffe2b4d26467644a9cda
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0009000000-070230551665a26e26cd
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-05rr-6009000000-739d91862a2a22b65827
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0292-0539400000-e384340b8abd5a652901
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-7009100000-20c8526b88d7e214f303
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-08ml-0951000000-434f5a3754c9fefb4b72
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-216.4810199
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-214.4052199
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-202.25847
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+216.4530199
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+216.5036199
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+204.15385
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+216.9620199
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+214.8129199
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+210.75021
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
General Function
Structural molecule activity
Specific Function
Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity (PubMed:8425544). Play...
Gene Name
ANXA1
Uniprot ID
P04083
Uniprot Name
Annexin A1
Molecular Weight
38713.855 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Sato-Matsumura KC, Matsumura T, Nakamura H, Sawa H, Nagashima K, Koizumi H: Membrane expression of annexin I is enhanced by calcium and TPA in cultured human keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 2000 Oct;292(10):496-9. [Article]
  4. White MV, Igarashi Y, Lundgren JD, Shelhamer J, Kaliner M: Hydrocortisone inhibits rat basophilic leukemia cell mediator release induced by neutrophil-derived histamine releasing activity as well as by anti-IgE. J Immunol. 1991 Jul 15;147(2):667-73. [Article]
  5. Serres M, Viac J, Comera C, Schmitt D: Expression of annexin I in freshly isolated human epidermal cells and in cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 1994;286(5):268-72. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modula...
Gene Name
NR3C1
Uniprot ID
P04150
Uniprot Name
Glucocorticoid receptor
Molecular Weight
85658.57 Da
References
  1. Grossman R, Yehuda R, Golier J, McEwen B, Harvey P, Maria NS: Cognitive effects of intravenous hydrocortisone in subjects with PTSD and healthy control subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1071:410-21. [Article]
  2. Rautanen A, Eriksson JG, Kere J, Andersson S, Osmond C, Tienari P, Sairanen H, Barker DJ, Phillips DI, Forsen T, Kajantie E: Associations of body size at birth with late-life cortisol concentrations and glucose tolerance are modified by haplotypes of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4544-51. Epub 2006 Aug 8. [Article]
  3. Hammer F, Stewart PM: Cortisol metabolism in hypertension. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;20(3):337-53. [Article]
  4. Shaw JR, Gabor K, Hand E, Lankowski A, Durant L, Thibodeau R, Stanton CR, Barnaby R, Coutermarsh B, Karlson KH, Sato JD, Hamilton JW, Stanton BA: Role of glucocorticoid receptor in acclimation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to seawater and effects of arsenic. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Feb;292(2):R1052-60. Epub 2006 Oct 12. [Article]
  5. Sher L: Combined dexamethasone suppression-corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in studies of depression, alcoholism, and suicidal behavior. ScientificWorldJournal. 2006 Oct 31;6:1398-404. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Modulates intracellular glucocorticoid levels, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation...
Gene Name
HSD11B2
Uniprot ID
P80365
Uniprot Name
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2
Molecular Weight
44126.06 Da
References
  1. Furstenberger C, Vuorinen A, Da Cunha T, Kratschmar DV, Saugy M, Schuster D, Odermatt A: The anabolic androgenic steroid fluoxymesterone inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2-dependent glucocorticoid inactivation. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Apr;126(2):353-61. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs022. Epub 2012 Jan 23. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid delta-isomerase activity
Specific Function
3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system pl...
Gene Name
HSD3B1
Uniprot ID
P14060
Uniprot Name
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1
Molecular Weight
42251.25 Da
References
  1. Bhatia C, Oerum S, Bray J, Kavanagh KL, Shafqat N, Yue W, Oppermann U: Towards a systematic analysis of human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR): Ligand identification and structure-activity relationships. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Jun 5;234:114-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.013. Epub 2014 Dec 16. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inducer
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Joellenbeck L, Qian Z, Zarba A, Groopman JD: Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratios measured by high-performance liquid chromatography for use as a biomarker for the human cytochrome P-450 3A4. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1992 Nov-Dec;1(7):567-72. [Article]
  2. Litt J. (2016). Litt's Drug eruption & reaction manual (22nd ed.). CRC Press LLc.
  3. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID
P24462
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A7
Molecular Weight
57525.03 Da
References
  1. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity
Specific Function
Has steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase activity. In addition to this activity, the 18 or 19-hydroxylation of steroids and the aromatization of androstendione to estrone have also been ascribed to cytochro...
Gene Name
CYP11B1
Uniprot ID
P15538
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight
57572.44 Da
References
  1. Freel EM, Shakerdi LA, Friel EC, Wallace AM, Davies E, Fraser R, Connell JM: Studies on the origin of circulating 18-hydroxycortisol and 18-oxocortisol in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;89(9):4628-33. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0379. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity
Specific Function
Preferentially catalyzes the conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone via corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone.
Gene Name
CYP11B2
Uniprot ID
P19099
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight
57559.62 Da
References
  1. Freel EM, Shakerdi LA, Friel EC, Wallace AM, Davies E, Fraser R, Connell JM: Studies on the origin of circulating 18-hydroxycortisol and 18-oxocortisol in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;89(9):4628-33. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0379. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight
55824.275 Da
References
  1. Bauersachs J, Christ M, Ertl G, Michaelis UR, Fisslthaler B, Busse R, Fleming I: Cytochrome P450 2C expression and EDHF-mediated relaxation in porcine coronary arteries is increased by cortisol. Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Jun;54(3):669-75. [Article]
  2. Matoulkova P, Pavek P, Maly J, Vlcek J: Cytochrome P450 enzyme regulation by glucocorticoids and consequences in terms of drug interaction. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014 Mar;10(3):425-35. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2014.878703. Epub 2014 Jan 23. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Androgen binding
Specific Function
Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
Gene Name
SHBG
Uniprot ID
P04278
Uniprot Name
Sex hormone-binding globulin
Molecular Weight
43778.755 Da
References
  1. Khoromi S, Muniyappa R, Nackers L, Gray N, Baldwin H, Wong KA, Matheny LA, Moquin B, Rainer A, Hill S, Remaley A, Johnson LL, Max MB, Blackman MR: Effects of chronic osteoarthritis pain on neuroendocrine function in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4313-8. Epub 2006 Aug 15. [Article]
  2. Stroud LR, Solomon C, Shenassa E, Papandonatos G, Niaura R, Lipsitt LP, Lewinn K, Buka SL: Long-term stability of maternal prenatal steroid hormones from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project: still valid after all these years. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007 Feb;32(2):140-50. Epub 2007 Jan 31. [Article]
  3. Lombardi G, Mondaini N, Macchiarella A, Del Popolo G: Female sexual dysfunction and hormonal status in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. J Androl. 2007 Sep-Oct;28(5):722-6. Epub 2007 May 9. [Article]
  4. Shifren JL, Desindes S, McIlwain M, Doros G, Mazer NA: A randomized, open-label, crossover study comparing the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy on serum androgens, thyroid hormones, and adrenal hormones in naturally menopausal women. Menopause. 2007 Nov-Dec;14(6):985-94. [Article]
  5. Rizzo L, Dobrovsky V, Danilowicz K, Kral M, Cross G, Serra HA, Bruno OD: Low-dose glucocorticoids in hyperandrogenism. Medicina (B Aires). 2007;67(3):247-52. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species.
Gene Name
SERPINA6
Uniprot ID
P08185
Uniprot Name
Corticosteroid-binding globulin
Molecular Weight
45140.49 Da
References
  1. Henley DE, Lightman SL: New insights into corticosteroid-binding globulin and glucocorticoid delivery. Neuroscience. 2011 Apr 28;180:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.053. Epub 2011 Mar 1. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Schwab D, Fischer H, Tabatabaei A, Poli S, Huwyler J: Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1716-25. [Article]
  2. Kim RB, Wandel C, Leake B, Cvetkovic M, Fromm MF, Dempsey PJ, Roden MM, Belas F, Chaudhary AK, Roden DM, Wood AJ, Wilkinson GR: Interrelationship between substrates and inhibitors of human CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 1999 Mar;16(3):408-14. [Article]
  3. Yates CR, Chang C, Kearbey JD, Yasuda K, Schuetz EG, Miller DD, Dalton JT, Swaan PW: Structural determinants of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of glucocorticoids. Pharm Res. 2003 Nov;20(11):1794-803. [Article]
  4. Ueda K, Okamura N, Hirai M, Tanigawara Y, Saeki T, Kioka N, Komano T, Hori R: Human P-glycoprotein transports cortisol, aldosterone, and dexamethasone, but not progesterone. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 5;267(34):24248-52. [Article]
  5. Orlowski S, Mir LM, Belehradek J Jr, Garrigos M: Effects of steroids and verapamil on P-glycoprotein ATPase activity: progesterone, desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and verapamil are mutually non-exclusive modulators. Biochem J. 1996 Jul 15;317 ( Pt 2):515-22. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
Gene Name
SLCO1A2
Uniprot ID
P46721
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
Molecular Weight
74144.105 Da
References
  1. Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Transient expression of oatp organic anion transporter in mammalian cells: identification of candidate substrates. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F319-25. [Article]
  2. Bossuyt X, Muller M, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ: Polyspecific drug and steroid clearance by an organic anion transporter of mammalian liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):891-6. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Imai Y, Asada S, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Breast cancer resistance protein exports sulfated estrogens but not free estrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;64(3):610-8. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Curator comments
Cortisol demonstrated substrate activity in vitro using human OAT3 expressed on Xenopus Laevis.
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. VanWert AL, Gionfriddo MR, Sweet DH: Organic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiology. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Jan;31(1):1-71. doi: 10.1002/bdd.693. [Article]

Drug created at July 12, 2018 21:02 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:54