Identification
- Summary
Hydrocortisone valerate is a corticosteroid used to treat inflammatory and pruritic corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
- Brand Names
- Hydroval
- Generic Name
- Hydrocortisone valerate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB14544
- Background
Not Available
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Hydrocortisone valerate (DB14544)
- Weight
- Average: 446.5763
Monoisotopic: 446.266838948 - Chemical Formula
- C26H38O6
- Synonyms
- Cortisol 17-valerate
- Hydrocortisone 17-valerate
- Hydrocortisone valerate
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Also used to treat endocrine (hormonal) disorders (adrenal insufficiency, Addisons disease). It is also used to treat many immune and allergic disorders, such as arthritis, lupus, severe psoriasis, severe asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Management of Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses •••••••••••• ••••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Hydrocortisone is the most important human glucocorticoid. It is essential for life and regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic functions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic effects. Glucocorticoids are distinguished from mineralocorticoids and sex steroids by having different receptors, target cells, and effects. Technically, the term corticosteroid refers to both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, but is often used as a synonym for glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity. They act by inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, the most important of which is the IL-2. Reduced cytokine production limits T cell proliferation. Glucocorticoids also suppress humoral immunity, causing B cells to express lower amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors. This diminishes both B cell clonal expansion and antibody synthesis. The diminished amounts of IL-2 also leads to fewer T lymphocyte cells being activated.
- Mechanism of action
Hydrocortisone binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In other words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.
Target Actions Organism AAnnexin A1 Not Available Humans AGlucocorticoid receptor Not Available Humans UCorticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 Not Available Humans U3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1 Not Available Humans - Absorption
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
95%
- Metabolism
Primarily hepatic via CYP3A4
- Route of elimination
Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.
- Half-life
6-8 hours
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Side effects include inhibition of bone formation, suppression of calcium absorption and delayed wound healing
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Browse all" title="About SNP Mediated Effects/ADRs" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions Learn More" title="About Drug Interactions" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbametapir The serum concentration of Hydrocortisone valerate can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Acarbose The risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Hydrocortisone valerate is combined with Acarbose. Acetohexamide The risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Hydrocortisone valerate is combined with Acetohexamide. Acetyldigitoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydrocortisone valerate is combined with Acetyldigitoxin. Albiglutide The risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Hydrocortisone valerate is combined with Albiglutide. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Hydrocortisone prodrug WI4X0X7BPJ 50-23-7 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Hydroval Cream 0.2% Cream 0.2 % Topical Taropharma, A Division Of Taro Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2000-12-18 Not applicable Canada 
Hydroval Ointment 0.2% Ointment 0.2 % Topical Taropharma, A Division Of Taro Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2000-12-18 Not applicable Canada Westcort Cream 2 mg/1g Topical Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1993-06-01 2011-05-31 US 
Westcort Ointment 2 mg/1g Topical Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 2008-10-06 2008-10-06 US Westcort Ointment 2 mg/1g Topical Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1995-12-20 2011-05-31 US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Hydrocortisone Valerate Cream 2 mg/1g Topical Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. 1998-08-25 Not applicable US Hydrocortisone Valerate Cream 2 mg/1g Topical A-S Medication Solutions 2009-12-02 Not applicable US Hydrocortisone Valerate Ointment 2 mg/1g Topical Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2005-03-15 Not applicable US Hydrocortisone Valerate Cream 2 mg/1g Topical Cosette Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2021-07-01 Not applicable US Hydrocortisone Valerate Cream 2 mg/1g Topical Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2019-11-19 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids
- 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Corticosteroids
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Fused-Ring Compounds
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Hydrocortisone and derivatives
- Hydroxycorticosteroids
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Pregnanes
- Pregnenediones
- Pregnenes
- Steroids
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Steroids and steroid derivatives
- Sub Class
- Hydroxysteroids
- Direct Parent
- 21-hydroxysteroids
- Alternative Parents
- Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives / Steroid esters / 20-oxosteroids / 11-beta-hydroxysteroids / 3-oxo delta-4-steroids / Delta-4-steroids / Alpha-acyloxy ketones / Cyclohexenones / Alpha-hydroxy ketones / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives show 6 more
- Substituents
- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid / 11-hydroxysteroid / 20-oxosteroid / 21-hydroxysteroid / 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid / 3-oxosteroid / Alcohol / Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound / Alpha-acyloxy ketone / Alpha-hydroxy ketone show 19 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- glucocorticoid, cortisol ester, valerate ester (CHEBI:50865)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 68717P8FUZ
- CAS number
- 57524-89-7
- InChI Key
- FZCHYNWYXKICIO-FZNHGJLXSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C26H38O6/c1-4-5-6-22(31)32-26(21(30)15-27)12-10-19-18-8-7-16-13-17(28)9-11-24(16,2)23(18)20(29)14-25(19,26)3/h13,18-20,23,27,29H,4-12,14-15H2,1-3H3/t18-,19-,20-,23+,24-,25-,26-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1R,3aS,3bS,9aR,9bS,10S,11aS)-10-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,7H,8H,9H,9aH,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl pentanoate
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12CC[C@](OC(=O)CCCC)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C
References
- General References
- de Weerth C, Zijl RH, Buitelaar JK: Development of cortisol circadian rhythm in infancy. Early Hum Dev. 2003 Aug;73(1-2):39-52. [Article]
- Palacios R, Sugawara I: Hydrocortisone abrogates proliferation of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by rendering the interleukin-2 Producer T cells unresponsive to interleukin-1 and unable to synthesize the T-cell growth factor. Scand J Immunol. 1982 Jan;15(1):25-31. [Article]
- KNIGHT RP Jr, KORNFELD DS, GLASER GH, BONDY PK: Effects of intravenous hydrocortisone on electrolytes of serum and urine in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1955 Feb;15(2):176-81. [Article]
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 5282494
- ChemSpider
- 4445635
- ChEBI
- 50865
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200562
- ZINC
- ZINC000004213520
- Wikipedia
- Hydrocortisone_valerate
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Learn More" title="About Clinical Trials" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 2 Completed Treatment Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) / Mast Cell Leukemia (MCL) 1 1 Terminated Treatment Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Cream Topical 2 mg/1g Ointment Topical 2 mg/1g Cream Topical 0.2 % Ointment Topical 0.2 % - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Not Available
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00763 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.62 ALOGPS logP 3.31 Chemaxon logS -4.8 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 13.75 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -2.8 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 100.9 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 7 Chemaxon Refractivity 120.38 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 50.08 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 4 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 219.1759896 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 207.19217 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 219.3224896 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 209.08757 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 215.90356 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Structural molecule activity
- Specific Function
- Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity (PubMed:8425544). Play...
- Gene Name
- ANXA1
- Uniprot ID
- P04083
- Uniprot Name
- Annexin A1
- Molecular Weight
- 38713.855 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Sato-Matsumura KC, Matsumura T, Nakamura H, Sawa H, Nagashima K, Koizumi H: Membrane expression of annexin I is enhanced by calcium and TPA in cultured human keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 2000 Oct;292(10):496-9. [Article]
- White MV, Igarashi Y, Lundgren JD, Shelhamer J, Kaliner M: Hydrocortisone inhibits rat basophilic leukemia cell mediator release induced by neutrophil-derived histamine releasing activity as well as by anti-IgE. J Immunol. 1991 Jul 15;147(2):667-73. [Article]
- Serres M, Viac J, Comera C, Schmitt D: Expression of annexin I in freshly isolated human epidermal cells and in cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 1994;286(5):268-72. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modula...
- Gene Name
- NR3C1
- Uniprot ID
- P04150
- Uniprot Name
- Glucocorticoid receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 85658.57 Da
References
- Grossman R, Yehuda R, Golier J, McEwen B, Harvey P, Maria NS: Cognitive effects of intravenous hydrocortisone in subjects with PTSD and healthy control subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1071:410-21. [Article]
- Rautanen A, Eriksson JG, Kere J, Andersson S, Osmond C, Tienari P, Sairanen H, Barker DJ, Phillips DI, Forsen T, Kajantie E: Associations of body size at birth with late-life cortisol concentrations and glucose tolerance are modified by haplotypes of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4544-51. Epub 2006 Aug 8. [Article]
- Hammer F, Stewart PM: Cortisol metabolism in hypertension. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;20(3):337-53. [Article]
- Shaw JR, Gabor K, Hand E, Lankowski A, Durant L, Thibodeau R, Stanton CR, Barnaby R, Coutermarsh B, Karlson KH, Sato JD, Hamilton JW, Stanton BA: Role of glucocorticoid receptor in acclimation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to seawater and effects of arsenic. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Feb;292(2):R1052-60. Epub 2006 Oct 12. [Article]
- Sher L: Combined dexamethasone suppression-corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in studies of depression, alcoholism, and suicidal behavior. ScientificWorldJournal. 2006 Oct 31;6:1398-404. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Modulates intracellular glucocorticoid levels, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation...
- Gene Name
- HSD11B2
- Uniprot ID
- P80365
- Uniprot Name
- Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2
- Molecular Weight
- 44126.06 Da
References
- Furstenberger C, Vuorinen A, Da Cunha T, Kratschmar DV, Saugy M, Schuster D, Odermatt A: The anabolic androgenic steroid fluoxymesterone inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2-dependent glucocorticoid inactivation. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Apr;126(2):353-61. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs022. Epub 2012 Jan 23. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid delta-isomerase activity
- Specific Function
- 3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system pl...
- Gene Name
- HSD3B1
- Uniprot ID
- P14060
- Uniprot Name
- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1
- Molecular Weight
- 42251.25 Da
References
- Bhatia C, Oerum S, Bray J, Kavanagh KL, Shafqat N, Yue W, Oppermann U: Towards a systematic analysis of human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR): Ligand identification and structure-activity relationships. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Jun 5;234:114-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.013. Epub 2014 Dec 16. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInducer
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Joellenbeck L, Qian Z, Zarba A, Groopman JD: Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratios measured by high-performance liquid chromatography for use as a biomarker for the human cytochrome P-450 3A4. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1992 Nov-Dec;1(7):567-72. [Article]
- Litt J. (2016). Litt's Drug eruption & reaction manual (22nd ed.). CRC Press LLc.
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID
- P20815
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A5
- Molecular Weight
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A7
- Uniprot ID
- P24462
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A7
- Molecular Weight
- 57525.03 Da
References
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Has steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase activity. In addition to this activity, the 18 or 19-hydroxylation of steroids and the aromatization of androstendione to estrone have also been ascribed to cytochro...
- Gene Name
- CYP11B1
- Uniprot ID
- P15538
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 57572.44 Da
References
- Freel EM, Shakerdi LA, Friel EC, Wallace AM, Davies E, Fraser R, Connell JM: Studies on the origin of circulating 18-hydroxycortisol and 18-oxocortisol in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;89(9):4628-33. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0379. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Preferentially catalyzes the conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone via corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone.
- Gene Name
- CYP11B2
- Uniprot ID
- P19099
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 57559.62 Da
References
- Freel EM, Shakerdi LA, Friel EC, Wallace AM, Davies E, Fraser R, Connell JM: Studies on the origin of circulating 18-hydroxycortisol and 18-oxocortisol in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;89(9):4628-33. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0379. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Bauersachs J, Christ M, Ertl G, Michaelis UR, Fisslthaler B, Busse R, Fleming I: Cytochrome P450 2C expression and EDHF-mediated relaxation in porcine coronary arteries is increased by cortisol. Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Jun;54(3):669-75. [Article]
- Matoulkova P, Pavek P, Maly J, Vlcek J: Cytochrome P450 enzyme regulation by glucocorticoids and consequences in terms of drug interaction. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014 Mar;10(3):425-35. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2014.878703. Epub 2014 Jan 23. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Androgen binding
- Specific Function
- Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
- Gene Name
- SHBG
- Uniprot ID
- P04278
- Uniprot Name
- Sex hormone-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 43778.755 Da
References
- Khoromi S, Muniyappa R, Nackers L, Gray N, Baldwin H, Wong KA, Matheny LA, Moquin B, Rainer A, Hill S, Remaley A, Johnson LL, Max MB, Blackman MR: Effects of chronic osteoarthritis pain on neuroendocrine function in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4313-8. Epub 2006 Aug 15. [Article]
- Stroud LR, Solomon C, Shenassa E, Papandonatos G, Niaura R, Lipsitt LP, Lewinn K, Buka SL: Long-term stability of maternal prenatal steroid hormones from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project: still valid after all these years. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007 Feb;32(2):140-50. Epub 2007 Jan 31. [Article]
- Lombardi G, Mondaini N, Macchiarella A, Del Popolo G: Female sexual dysfunction and hormonal status in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. J Androl. 2007 Sep-Oct;28(5):722-6. Epub 2007 May 9. [Article]
- Shifren JL, Desindes S, McIlwain M, Doros G, Mazer NA: A randomized, open-label, crossover study comparing the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy on serum androgens, thyroid hormones, and adrenal hormones in naturally menopausal women. Menopause. 2007 Nov-Dec;14(6):985-94. [Article]
- Rizzo L, Dobrovsky V, Danilowicz K, Kral M, Cross G, Serra HA, Bruno OD: Low-dose glucocorticoids in hyperandrogenism. Medicina (B Aires). 2007;67(3):247-52. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function
- Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species.
- Gene Name
- SERPINA6
- Uniprot ID
- P08185
- Uniprot Name
- Corticosteroid-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 45140.49 Da
References
- Henley DE, Lightman SL: New insights into corticosteroid-binding globulin and glucocorticoid delivery. Neuroscience. 2011 Apr 28;180:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.053. Epub 2011 Mar 1. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Schwab D, Fischer H, Tabatabaei A, Poli S, Huwyler J: Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1716-25. [Article]
- Kim RB, Wandel C, Leake B, Cvetkovic M, Fromm MF, Dempsey PJ, Roden MM, Belas F, Chaudhary AK, Roden DM, Wood AJ, Wilkinson GR: Interrelationship between substrates and inhibitors of human CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 1999 Mar;16(3):408-14. [Article]
- Yates CR, Chang C, Kearbey JD, Yasuda K, Schuetz EG, Miller DD, Dalton JT, Swaan PW: Structural determinants of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of glucocorticoids. Pharm Res. 2003 Nov;20(11):1794-803. [Article]
- Ueda K, Okamura N, Hirai M, Tanigawara Y, Saeki T, Kioka N, Komano T, Hori R: Human P-glycoprotein transports cortisol, aldosterone, and dexamethasone, but not progesterone. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 5;267(34):24248-52. [Article]
- Orlowski S, Mir LM, Belehradek J Jr, Garrigos M: Effects of steroids and verapamil on P-glycoprotein ATPase activity: progesterone, desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and verapamil are mutually non-exclusive modulators. Biochem J. 1996 Jul 15;317 ( Pt 2):515-22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P46721
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 74144.105 Da
References
- Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Transient expression of oatp organic anion transporter in mammalian cells: identification of candidate substrates. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F319-25. [Article]
- Bossuyt X, Muller M, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ: Polyspecific drug and steroid clearance by an organic anion transporter of mammalian liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):891-6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- Imai Y, Asada S, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Breast cancer resistance protein exports sulfated estrogens but not free estrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;64(3):610-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Curator comments
- Cortisol demonstrated substrate activity in vitro using human OAT3 expressed on Xenopus Laevis.
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- VanWert AL, Gionfriddo MR, Sweet DH: Organic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiology. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Jan;31(1):1-71. doi: 10.1002/bdd.693. [Article]
Drug created at July 12, 2018 21:22 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55