Nephrotoxic agents
- Name
- Nephrotoxic agents
- Accession Number
- DBCAT003959
- Description
This category includes all drugs with the potential to generate kidney damage and to reduce renal function.
- Drugs
Drug Drug Description Amphotericin B An antifungal used to treat fungal infections in neutropenic patients, cryptococcal meningitis in HIV infection, fungal infections, and leishmaniasis. Cisplatin A platinum based chemotherapy agent used to treat various sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors. Colistimethate An antibiotic indicated for treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of certain gram-negative bacilli. It is particularly useful for targeting sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foscarnet An antiviral used to treat CMV, HIV, and HSV infections. Mannitol A sugar alcohol used to test for asthma, to reduce intracranial and intraocular pressure, to measure glomerular filtration rate, and to manage pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis. Vancomycin A glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat severe but susceptible bacterial infections such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections. Cyclosporine A steroid-sparing immunosuppressant used in organ and bone marrow transplants as well as inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atopic dermatitis. Cefotiam A cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Cefmetazole A cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Loracarbef Used to treat upper respiratory tract bacterial infections, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyntitis and tonsillitis, skin absceses, urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis caused by E. coli, S. pyogenes, S. aureus,... Cefaclor A second generation cephalosporin used to treat a wide variety of infections in the body. Ceforanide For the treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms. Cefprozil A cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, and uncomplicated skin infections. Cefamandole A beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of various infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria, such as lower respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and bone and joint infections. Cefonicid For the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. Cefotetan An antibiotic medication used for the prophylaxis and treatment of various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, bone and joint infection, and lower respiratory tract infections. Cefoxitin A semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic for parenteral administration used for the treatment of serious bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infection, blood infection, bone and joint infection, and lower respiratory tract infection. Cefminox Cefminox (INN) is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is approved for use in Japan. Flomoxef Flomoxef has been used in trials studying the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection. Cefbuperazone Not Annotated Cefuroxime A cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of a variety of infections including acute bacterial otitis media, several upper respiratory tract infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, early Lyme disease, and impetigo. Cefmenoxime Used to treat female gynecologic and obstetric infections caused by susceptible aerobic (including the gonococcus) and anaerobic bacteria. Cefpiramide For treatment of severe infections caused by susceptible bacteria such as P. aeruginosa. Ceftazidime An injected broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat or prevent a variety of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, gynecological infections, bone and joint infections, and septicemia, among others. Cefotaxime A third generation cephalosporin used to treat susceptible Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial infections. Cefditoren A broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic typically used to treat bacterial infections of the skin and respiratory tract. Ceftriaxone A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections in various locations, such as in the respiratory tract, skin, soft tissue, and urinary tract. Cefoperazone A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections in various locations, including the respiratory tract, abdomen, skin, and female genital tracts. Ceftizoxime A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and gonorrhea. Ceftibuten A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB), acute bacterial otitis media, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. Cefpodoxime A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including gonorrhea, community acquired pneumonia, and sinusitis. Latamoxef Latamoxef is an oxacephem antibiotic usually grouped with the cephalosporins. It is used to treat bacterial infections. Latamoxef is primarily indicated in conditions like Bone and joint infection, GI infections,... Cefcapene Not Annotated Cefodizime A broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Cefsulodin Not Annotated Cefetamet Not Annotated Cefepime A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. Cefozopran Not Annotated Cefpirome An antibiotic indicated in the treatment of a wide variety of infections in the body. Amikacin An aminoglycoside used to treat infections caused by more resistant strains of Gram negative bacteria and some Gram positive bacteria. Tobramycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat cystic fibrosis-associated bacterial, lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, eye, skin, bone, and skin structure infections. Gentamicin An aminoglycoside used to treat a wide variety of aerobic infections in the body. Neomycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic agent used orally and topically to treat a wide variety of infections in the body. Streptomycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic indicated to treat multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and various non-tuberculosis infections. Framycetin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used in various formulations and combinations with other agents to treat hemorrhoids, eye and ear infections, and to reduce nasal carriage of staphylococcus. Netilmicin An aminoglycoside used to treat a wide variety of infections in the body. Kanamycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic agent used in the treatment of various infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Paromomycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal amebiasis, and as an adjunct for the management of hepatic coma. Ribostamycin A broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic on the list of WHO critical antimicrobials for human medicine. Geneticin Geneticin (also known as G418) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1, produced by Micromonospora rhodorangea. Geneticin blocks polypeptide synthesis by inhibiting the elongation step in both... Apramycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic for veterinary use that is used to treat infections in animals. Gentamicin C1a Not Available Neamine Not Available Arbekacin Arbekacin is used for the short term treatment of multi-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Puromycin Puromycin is an antibiotic that prevents bacterial protein translation. It is utilized as a selective agent in laboratory cell cultures. Puromycin is toxic to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, resulting... Dihydrostreptomycin Dihydrostreptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. In humans, the use of dihydrostreptomycin has been associated with ototoxicity. The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of all drug products containing dihydrostreptomycin... Hygromycin B Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus which kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. Sisomicin Sisomicin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pyoderma. Plazomicin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat complicated urinary tract infections. Dibekacin Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic marketed in Japan . Micronomicin Micronomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is marketed in Japan, and sold under the brand names Sagamicin and Luxomicina. Isepamicin Not Annotated Bekanamycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic indicated in the treatment of eye infections. Capreomycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used as an adjunct drug in tuberculosis. Ibuprofen An NSAID and non-selective COX inhibitor used to treat mild-moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. Olsalazine An anti-inflammatory aminosalicylate used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis. Oxyphenbutazone A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) no longer commonly used for the symptomatic relief of musculoskeletal pain. Benoxaprofen The use of benoxaprofen, formerly marketed as Oraflex tablets, was associated with fatal cholestatic jaundice among other serious adverse reactions. The holder of the approved application voluntarily withdrew Oraflex tablets... Metamizole An antipyretic and analgesic drug used to relieve severe and persistent fever and pain. Zomepirac Zomepirac was indicated for the management of mild to severe pain. Zaltoprofen A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved for use in Japan in 1993. Azapropazone Not Available Felbinac Not Available Salicylamide Salicylamide is the common name for the substance o-hydroxybenzamide, or amide of salicyl. Salicylamide is a non-prescription drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties. It has similar medicinal uses to aspirin.... Kebuzone Kebuzone (also known as ketophenylbutazone ) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Isoxicam Isoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is not marketed in the United States. Indoprofen A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. Ibuproxam Ibuproxam is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Floctafenine An anti-inflammatory analgesic used to manage mild to moderate acute pain. Fenbufen Fenbufen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used primarily to treat inflammation in osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and tendinitis. It can also be used to relieve backaches, sprains, and fractures. Fenbufen is... Etofenamate An NSAID used to treat muscle and joint pain. Epirizole Epirizole is an oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for muscle and joint pain. Loxoprofen An NSAID used to treat pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal conditions. Tolfenamic acid In the information for tolfenamic acid, it is stated that this drug, being an NSAID, is effective in treating the pain associated with the acute attack of migraines in adults. Clonixin An NSAID used to relieve pain associated with arthritis, migraines, and various soft tissue disorders. Propacetamol Propacetamol is a paracetamol prodrug of intravenous administration used to control fever and pain of perioperative period in multimodal analgesia therapy. Tepoxalin Tepoxalin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved for veterinary use in the United States and many other countries. It is primarily used to reduce inflammation and relief of pain caused... Flunixin Flunixin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for use in pigs, cattle and horses. It exerts analgesic and antipyretic effects. This drug is often prepared for use in meglumine salt form.... Indobufen A reversible platelet aggregation inhibitor used to prevent coronary and peripheral artery occlusion. Tinoridine Tinoridine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01224756 (Efficacy of Tinoridine in Treating Pain and Inflammation in Adults). Alclofenac Alclofenac is indicated in rheumatology, in particular for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and, as an analgesic, in painful arthritic pathologies. Fentiazac Not Annotated Suxibuzone Not Annotated Bumadizone Bumadizone has been approved for use in Germany and Austria, it is a drug with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties, and was marketed for the treatment of both rheumatoid arthritis... Alminoprofen Alminoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) whose physiochemical characteristics make it a member of the phenylpropionic acid class of chemical substances. Flunoxaprofen Not Annotated Feprazone Not Annotated Difenpiramide Not Annotated Nifenazone Not Annotated Lonazolac Not Annotated Tenidap Not Annotated Bendazac A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) available as an eye drop for the treatment of cataracts and as a topical cream for the treatment of dermatitis, eczema, hives, skin ulcers and other inflammatory skin conditions. Pranoprofen A topical anti-inflammatory agent used for the treatment of non-infectious inflammatory conditions such as blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Pranoprofen ophthalmic solution may also be used post-operatively to manage inflammation. Propyphenazone Not Annotated Proglumetacin A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication used to manage pain associated with various inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Guacetisal Not Annotated Ethenzamide Not Annotated Carbaspirin calcium An NSAID indicated in the treatment of short term pain and fever. Mofebutazone Not Annotated Proquazone Not Annotated Benorilate Not Annotated Pirprofen Not Annotated Acemetacin A NSAID indicated in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Imidazole salicylate Not Annotated Benzydamine A locally-acting NSAID indicated for the symptomatic relief of pain in acute sore throat and for the symptomatic relief of oropharyngeal mucositis caused by radiation therapy. Aminophenazone An analgesic drug used to treat acute migraine attacks in combination with ergotamine and caffeine. SC-236 SC-236 is a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that has been studied in cancer therapy , lower back pain , and inflammation , , , . NS-398 NS-398 is a COX-2 inhibitor. It was developed as part of the mechanistic study of the cyclooxygenases. Nitroaspirin Nitroaspirin has been investigated for the treatment of Intermittent Claudication. Morniflumate An NSAID derived from niflumic acid used in the symptomatic treatment of inflammatory conditions of the airways, ENT, and the urogenital and osteoarticular systems. Rofecoxib A COX-2 inhibitor NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, primary dysmenorrhea, and migraine attacks. Valdecoxib A COX-2 inhibitor used to treat osteoarthritis and dysmenorrhoea. Lumiracoxib For the acute and chronic treatment of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee in adults. Etoricoxib A selective COX-2 inhibitor used to relieve moderate post-surgical dental pain as a short-term treatment and inflammatory and painful symptoms of various forms of arthritis. Parecoxib A selective COX-2 inhibitor and NSAID used for the short-term management of perioperative pain. Nabumetone An NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Celecoxib An NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, menstrual symptoms, and to reduce polyps is familial adenomatous polyposis. Etodolac An NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as acute pain. Robenacoxib Robenacoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in veterinary medicine for the relief of pain and inflammation in cats and dogs. Carprofen For use as a pain reliever in the treatment of joint pain and post-surgical pain. Meloxicam An NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis in adults, rheumatoid arthritis in adults, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in pediatrics. Bromfenac An NSAID used to treat postoperative pain and inflammation of the eye. Nimesulide A cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor used to treat acute pain and primary dysmenorrhea. Nepafenac An ophthalmic NSAID used for the symptomatic treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. Niflumic acid A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor used to alleviate inflammation, pain, and edema associated with acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, post-operative inflammatory conditions, and physical trauma. Cimicoxib Investigated for use/treatment in depression. Aceclofenac Aceclofenac is indicated for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Firocoxib Used for the treatment of pain inflammation and fever in horses and dogs. Talniflumate Talnifumate is a phthalidyl ester of nifumic acid, which has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and is widely used to treat inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis ,... Mesalazine An aminosalicylate drug used to treat mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis and also to maintain remission once achieved. Indomethacin A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) used for symptomatic management of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions and to induce closure of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Ketorolac An NSAID used to treat moderate to severe pain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual disorders, and headaches. Tenoxicam An anti inflammatory analgesic used to treat mild to moderate pain as well as the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Tolmetin An NSAID used to treat acute flares of various painful conditions and used for the long term management of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile arthritis. Piroxicam An NSAID used to treat the symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Fenoprofen An anti-inflammatory analgesic used to treat mild to moderate pain in addition to the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Naproxen An NSAID used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, tendinitis, bursitis, acute gout, primary dysmenorrhea, and mild to moderate pain. Diflunisal An NSAID used to treat mild to moderate pain, inflammation, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Suprofen An NSAID used to prevent pupil constriction in ocular surgery. Meclofenamic acid An NSAID used to treat mild to moderate pain, primary dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual blood loss, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Acetylsalicylic acid A salicylate used to treat pain, fever, inflammation, migraines, and reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Ketoprofen An NSAID used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, dysmenorrhea, mild to moderate muscle pain, postoperative pain, and postpartum pain. Balsalazide An aminosalicylate used to treat ulcerative colitis. Icosapent A polyunsaturated fatty acid, usually found in fish oils, that is used in many supplements. Flurbiprofen An NSAID used to treat the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Mefenamic acid An NSAID used to treat mild to moderate pain for no more than a week, and primary dysmenorrhea. Salsalate A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in the symptomatic relief of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and related rheumatic disorders. Sulindac An NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute subacromial bursitis or supraspinatus tendinitis, and acute gouty arthritis. Salicylic acid An acid used to treat acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts. Oxaprozin An NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Tiaprofenic acid A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) used to manage inflammation and analgesia associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Magnesium salicylate An NSAID analgesic used in the symptomatic relief of mild to moderate muscular pain. Lornoxicam An NSAID indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate pain, as well as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Phenylbutazone An NSAID used to treat backache and ankylosing spondylitis. Sulfasalazine A salicylate used to treat Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Antipyrine An antipyretic agent used for the symptomatic treatment of acute otitis media, most commonly in combination with benzocaine. Antrafenine Antrafenine is used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent for the relief of mild to moderate pain. Choline magnesium trisalicylate Choline magnesium trisalicylate is used to reduce pain and inflammation caused by conditions such as arthritis. This medication is also used to treat fever in adults. Dexibuprofen A pharmacologically active enantiomer of racemic ibuprofen (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation. Droxicam Droxicam is an NSAID previously used for the treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis . Trolamine salicylate A medication used to relieve minor aches and pains of the muscles and joints. Bufexamac An NSAID used to treat skin conditions like atopic eczema and inflammatory dermatoses. Dexketoprofen An NSAID that is the R(-)-enantiomer of racemic ketoprofen with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Diclofenac An NSAID used to treat the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Cephalothin Group Cephalothin group is a solid. This compound belongs to the 1,3-thiazines. These are organic compounds containing 1,3-thiazine, a six-member ring with a nitrogen and a sulfur atom in ring positions... Hydrolyzed Cephalothin Not Available Cefalotin A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in various locations, such as the urinary tract, skin, bone, and lower respiratory tract. Pentamidine An antifungal agent used to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients infected with HIV. Carboplatin A alkylating agent used to treat advanced ovarian cancer. Tenofovir alafenamide A nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults with compensated liver disease. Tenofovir A nucleotide analog indicated in the treatment of HIV infections. Tenofovir disoproxil A nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of Hepatitis B infection and used in the management of HIV-1 infection. Cephalexin A first generation cephalosporin used to treat certain susceptible bacterial infections. Cefapirin A first generation cephalosporin indicated in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. Cefadroxil A cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, and tonsillitis. Cefazolin A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic mainly used for the treatment of skin bacterial infections and other moderate to severe bacterial infections in the lung, bone, joint, stomach, blood, heart valve, and urinary tract. Cefradine A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts and of the skin and soft tissues. Cefacetrile A broad-spectrum first-generation cephalosporin used for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. Cefaloridine Cephaloridine or cefaloridine is a first generation semisynthetic cephalosporin. It is derived from cephalosporin C and is a zwitterion at physiological pH. Cefroxadine Was used for the treatment of bacterial infections. Cefatrizine Not Annotated Cefazedone Not Annotated Ceftezole Not Annotated Cephaloglycin For treatment of severe infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Ceftaroline fosamil An antibacterial agent used to treat various bacterial infections, such as acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Ceftobiprole A cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat both community and hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by susceptible bacteria. Bacitracin A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic used to prevent wound infections, treat pneumonia and empyema in infants, and to treat skin and eye infections. Acyclovir A guanosine analog used to treat herpes simplex, varicella zoster, herpes zoster. Valaciclovir An guanine nucleoside antiviral used to treat herpes exacerbations. Methotrexate An antineoplastic agent used the treatment of a wide variety of cancers as well as severe psoriasis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Tacrolimus A calcineurin inhibitor used to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Adefovir Not Annotated Adefovir dipivoxil A nucleotide analog used to treat chronic hepatitis B. Cidofovir An antiviral agent used to treat Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with AIDS. Pamidronic acid A bisphosphonate used to treat Paget's disease, to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy, and to treat osteolytic bone lesions. Lopinavir An HIV-1 protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Inotersen An antisense oligonucleotide used to treat polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis. Colistin A polymyxin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible Gram negative bacteria. Lithium cation A drug used for the management of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric conditions. Atazanavir An antiviral protease inhibitor used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV. Furosemide A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension and edema in congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, renal disease, and hypertension. Etacrynic acid A diuretic used to treat ascites and edema in congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and renal disease. Bumetanide A sulfamyl diuretic used to treat edema in congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal disease, and nephrotic syndrome. Hydrochlorothiazide A thiazide diuretic used to treat edema associated with a number of conditions, and hypertension. Triamterene A potassium-sparing diuretic used in the treatment of edema and in the management of hypertension. Phenazopyridine A local anesthetic used for the symptomatic relief of pain, burning, urgency, frequency, and general discomfort caused by lower urinary tract irritations that are a result of infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of equipment or catheters. Lithium carbonate A medication used to treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder. Lithium citrate Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. It is often used in bipolar disorder treatment. Givosiran A 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase-directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) used in the prophylaxis of acute hepatic porphyria. - Drugs & Drug Targets