Proteinogenic Amino Acids

Accession Number

DBCAT005228

Description

There are 21 alpha-amino acids that are considered 'proteinogenic', meaning they are utilized in the biosynthesis of proteins. Nine of these amino acids - histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine - are 'essential' and cannot be produced endogenously.

Drugs

Drug	Drug Description
Arginine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Histidine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Lysine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Aspartic acid	An amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral nutrition.
Glutamic acid	An amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral nutrition.
Serine	An amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral nutrition.
Threonine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Asparagine	Used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.
L-Glutamine	An amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral nutrition.
Cysteine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition and used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.
Selenocysteine	A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and...
Glycine	An amino acid commonly used as a component of total parenteral nutrition and is also used as irrigation during surgery.
Proline	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Alanine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Isoleucine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Leucine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Methionine	An amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral nutrition.
Phenylalanine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Tryptophan	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
Tyrosine	An amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral nutrition.
Valine	An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.

Drugs & Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Type
Arginine	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	target
Arginine	Arginine decarboxylase	target
Arginine	Argininosuccinate lyase	target
Arginine	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	target
Arginine	High affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1	target
Arginine	Arginase-2, mitochondrial	target
Arginine	Cationic amino acid transporter 4	target
Arginine	Argininosuccinate synthase	target
Arginine	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	target
Arginine	Solute carrier family 22 member 5	transporter
Arginine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Arginine	Solute carrier family 22 member 4	transporter
Histidine	Histidine decarboxylase	target
Histidine	Histidine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Histidine	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3	target
Histidine	Histidine ammonia-lyase	target
Histidine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Lysine	High affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1	target
Lysine	Cationic amino acid transporter 4	target
Lysine	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	target
Lysine	Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2	target
Lysine	Lysine--tRNA ligase	target
Lysine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Lysine	Solute carrier family 22 member 4	transporter
Aspartic acid	Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar2	target
Aspartic acid	Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic	target
Aspartic acid	Aspartoacylase	target
Aspartic acid	Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	target
Aspartic acid	Argininosuccinate synthase	target
Aspartic acid	Aminoacylase-1	target
Aspartic acid	Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Aspartic acid	Aspartate--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Aspartic acid	Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1	target
Aspartic acid	Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase	target
Aspartic acid	Multifunctional protein ADE2	target
Aspartic acid	Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2	target
Aspartic acid	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	target
Aspartic acid	Argininosuccinate synthetase, isoform CRA_a	target
Aspartic acid	Aspartate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Aspartic acid	Isoaspartyl peptidase/L-asparaginase	target
Aspartic acid	Ribonuclease pancreatic	target
Aspartic acid	Lysozyme C	target
Aspartic acid	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Aspartic acid	CAD protein	enzyme
Aspartic acid	Adenylosuccinate Synthetases	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor 1	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate decarboxylase 2	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate decarboxylase 1	target
Glutamic acid	Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor 2	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor 3	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor 4	target
Glutamic acid	Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	target
Glutamic acid	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	target
Glutamic acid	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	target
Glutamic acid	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	target
Glutamic acid	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	target
Glutamic acid	Excitatory amino acid transporter 5	target
Glutamic acid	5-oxoprolinase	target
Glutamic acid	Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	target
Glutamic acid	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	target
Glutamic acid	Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase	target
Glutamic acid	Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamine synthetase	target
Glutamic acid	Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic	target
Glutamic acid	Tyrosine aminotransferase	target
Glutamic acid	Alanine aminotransferase 1	target
Glutamic acid	Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase	target
Glutamic acid	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	target
Glutamic acid	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	target
Glutamic acid	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	target
Glutamic acid	Excitatory amino acid transporter 4	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	target
Glutamic acid	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic	target
Glutamic acid	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	target
Glutamic acid	Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamyl aminopeptidase	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	target
Glutamic acid	Probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase	target
Glutamic acid	N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	target
Glutamic acid	Alanine aminotransferase 2	target
Glutamic acid	Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial	target
Glutamic acid	Aspartyl aminopeptidase	target
Glutamic acid	Cystine/glutamate transporter	target
Glutamic acid	Carboxypeptidase Q	target
Glutamic acid	Phosphoserine aminotransferase	target
Glutamic acid	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Glutamic acid	Monocarboxylate transporter 1	transporter
Glutamic acid	Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2	transporter
Glutamic acid	Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1	transporter
Glutamic acid	Aspartate aminotransferase	target
Serine	Cystathionine beta-synthase	target
Serine	L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase	target
Serine	Serine racemase	target
Serine	Serine palmitoyltransferase 2	target
Serine	Serine palmitoyltransferase 1	target
Serine	Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Serine	Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	target
Serine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Threonine	Threonine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Threonine	Threonine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Threonine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Threonine	Beta-lactamase Toho-1	target
Asparagine	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	target
Asparagine	Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	target
Asparagine	Asparagine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Asparagine	Isoaspartyl peptidase/L-asparaginase	target
Asparagine	Probable asparagine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Asparagine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Asparagine	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters	target
L-Glutamine	CTP synthase 1	target
L-Glutamine	Amidophosphoribosyltransferase	target
L-Glutamine	Glutamine synthetase	target
L-Glutamine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
L-Glutamine	Coagulation factor XIII A chain	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase Z	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3	transporter
L-Glutamine	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	transporter
L-Glutamine	GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2	enzyme
L-Glutamine	CAD protein	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Glutamine--tRNA ligase	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase	enzyme
L-Glutamine	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2	transporter
L-Glutamine	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1	transporter
L-Glutamine	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2	transporter
L-Glutamine	Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+)	transporter
L-Glutamine	Y+L amino acid transporter 1	transporter
L-Glutamine	Y+L amino acid transporter 2	transporter
L-Glutamine	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	transporter
L-Glutamine	B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1	transporter
Cysteine	Cysteine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Cysteine	Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit	target
Cysteine	Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	target
Cysteine	Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic	target
Cysteine	Cystathionine gamma-lyase	target
Cysteine	Cystathionine beta-synthase	target
Cysteine	Cysteine dioxygenase type 1	target
Cysteine	Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase	target
Cysteine	Glutathione synthetase	target
Cysteine	Probable cysteine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Cysteine	Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase	target
Cysteine	Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial	target
Cysteine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Cysteine	Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Selenocysteine	Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	target
Selenocysteine	Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A	target
Selenocysteine	Formate dehydrogenase H	target
Selenocysteine	Cysteine desulfurase	target
Glycine	Glutathione synthetase	target
Glycine	Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	target
Glycine	Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	target
Glycine	Glycine receptor subunit beta	target
Glycine	Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic	target
Glycine	Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3	target
Glycine	Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2	target
Glycine	Glycine N-methyltransferase	target
Glycine	Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Glycine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	target
Glycine	2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial	target
Glycine	5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial	target
Glycine	5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial	target
Glycine	Glycine--tRNA ligase	target
Glycine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	target
Glycine	Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase	target
Glycine	N-arachidonyl glycine receptor	target
Glycine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	target
Glycine	Serine hydroxymethyltransferase	target
Glycine	Glycine N-acyltransferase	target
Glycine	Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial	target
Glycine	Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2	target
Glycine	Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1	target
Glycine	Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial	target
Glycine	Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase	target
Glycine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Glycine	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	transporter
Glycine	Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter	transporter
Glycine	Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2	transporter
Glycine	Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1	transporter
Glycine	Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial	enzyme
Glycine	Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial	enzyme
Glycine	Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	enzyme
Glycine	Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial	enzyme
Proline	Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial	target
Proline	Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase	target
Proline	Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+)	target
Proline	Sodium-dependent proline transporter	target
Proline	Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2	target
Proline	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2	target
Proline	Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial	target
Proline	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H	target
Proline	Proline synthase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein	target
Proline	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1	target
Proline	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B	target
Proline	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial	target
Proline	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C	target
Proline	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A	target
Proline	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G	target
Proline	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1	target
Proline	Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase	target
Proline	Probable proline--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Proline	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2	target
Proline	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3	target
Proline	Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 3	target
Proline	Trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase	target
Proline	Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial	enzyme
Proline	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Alanine	Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	target
Alanine	Alanine aminotransferase 1	target
Alanine	Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial	target
Alanine	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	target
Alanine	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2	target
Alanine	Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial	target
Alanine	Alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Alanine	Neutral amino acid transporter A	target
Alanine	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Alanine	Kynureninase	target
Alanine	Alanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Alanine	5-phosphohydroxy-L-lysine phospho-lyase	target
Alanine	Alanine aminotransferase 2	target
Alanine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Isoleucine	Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	target
Isoleucine	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic	target
Isoleucine	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Isoleucine	Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Isoleucine	Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Isoleucine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Leucine	Probable leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Leucine	Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2	target
Leucine	Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1	target
Leucine	Leucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Leucine	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial	target
Leucine	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic	target
Leucine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Leucine	Monocarboxylate transporter 8	transporter
Methionine	Methionine synthase reductase	target
Methionine	Methionine synthase	target
Methionine	Methionine aminopeptidase 2	target
Methionine	Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1	target
Methionine	S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2	target
Methionine	Glutamine synthetase	enzyme
Methionine	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	enzyme
Methionine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Methionine	S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2	enzyme
Methionine	Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2, mitochondrial	enzyme
Methionine	S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1	enzyme
Methionine	Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1	enzyme
Methionine	Mitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase	enzyme
Methionine	Methionine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	enzyme
Methionine	Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	enzyme
Methionine	Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta	enzyme
Methionine	S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2	enzyme
Phenylalanine	Tyrosine aminotransferase	target
Phenylalanine	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2	target
Phenylalanine	Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase alpha subunit	target
Phenylalanine	Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase	target
Phenylalanine	Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Phenylalanine	Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase beta subunit	target
Phenylalanine	Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase	target
Phenylalanine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Tryptophan	Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Tryptophan	Tryptophan--tRNA ligase	target
Tryptophan	Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Tryptophan	Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	enzyme
Tryptophan	Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase	enzyme
Tryptophan	Monocarboxylate transporter 8	transporter
Tryptophan	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Tryptophan	Tryptophan--tRNA ligase	enzyme
Tryptophan	Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	enzyme
Tryptophan	Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1	enzyme
Tryptophan	Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2	enzyme
Tryptophan	Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	enzyme
Tryptophan	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	enzyme
Tyrosine	Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase	target
Tyrosine	Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial	target
Tyrosine	Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	target
Tyrosine	Tyrosine aminotransferase	target
Tyrosine	Monocarboxylate transporter 8	transporter
Tyrosine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Valine	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial	target
Valine	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic	target
Valine	Valine--tRNA ligase	target
Valine	Monocarboxylate transporter 10	transporter
Valine	Valine--tRNA ligase	enzyme
Valine	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial	enzyme
Valine	Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic	enzyme