Estrone sulfate

Identification

Summary

Estrone sulfate is an estrogen used as monotherapy or in several combination hormone replacement products for managing menopause symptoms and hormone disorders.

Generic Name
Estrone sulfate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB04574
Background

Estrone sulfate (as estropipate) is a form of estrogen. It has several uses such as: alleviate symptoms of menopause as hormone replacement therapy, treatment some types of infertility, treatment of some conditions leading to underdevelopment of female sexual characteristics, treatment of vaginal atrophy, treatment of some types of breast cancer (particularly in men and postmenopausal women), treatment of prostate cancer and prevention of osteoporosis.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 350.429
Monoisotopic: 350.118794504
Chemical Formula
C18H22O5S
Synonyms
  • Estra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-17-one-3-yl-sulfate
  • Estrone 3-sulfate
  • Estrone bisulfate
  • Estrone hemisulfate
  • Estrone hydrogen sulfate
  • Estrone sulphate
  • Estrone-3-sulphate
  • Estrone, hydrogen sulfate
External IDs
  • US 2917522
  • US-2917522

Pharmacology

Indication

Estropipate is used for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with the monopause, and moderate to severe symptoms of vulval and vaginal atrophy associated with the menopause. It is also used to treat hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration or primary ovarian failure, and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Prevention ofPostmenopausal osteoporosis••••••••••••
Treatment ofHypoestrogenism••••••••••••
Treatment ofHypoestrogenism••••••••••••
Treatment ofHypoestrogenism••••••••••••
Treatment ofHypoestrogenism••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Estropipate is an estrogenic substance. It acts as naturally produced estrogen does. Estrogens act through binding to nuclear receptors in estrogen-responsive tissues. Circulating estrogens modulate the pituitary secretion of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), through a negative feedback mechanism. Estrogens act to reduce the elevated levels of these hormones seen in postmenopausal women.

Mechanism of action

Estradiol enters target cells freely (e.g., female organs, breasts, hypothalamus, pituitary) and interacts with a target cell receptor. When the estrogen receptor has bound its ligand it can enter the nucleus of the target cell, and regulate gene transcription which leads to formation of messenger RNA. The mRNA interacts with ribosomes to produce specific proteins that express the effect of estradiol upon the target cell. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary.

TargetActionsOrganism
AEstrogen receptor alpha
agonist
Humans
UEstrogen receptor beta
agonist
Humans
Absorption

Estropipate is well absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. When applied for a local action, absorption is usually sufficient to cause systemic effects.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Exogenous estrogens are metabolized in the same manner as endogenous estrogens. Circulating estrogens exist in a dynamic equilibrium of metabolic interconversions. These transformations take place mainly in the liver. Estradiol is converted reversibly to estrone, and both can be converted to estriol, which is the major urinary metabolite. Estrogens also undergo enterohepatic recirculation via sulfate and glucuronide conjugation in the liver, biliary secretion of conjugates into the intestine, and hydrolysis in the gut followed by reabsorption. In postmenopausal women, a significant proportion of the circulating estrogens exist as sulfate conjugates, especially estrone sulfate, which serves as a circulating reservoir for the formation of more active estrogens.

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Route of elimination

Estradiol, estrone and estriol are excreted in the urine along with glucuronide and sulfate conjugates

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Sulfite Oxidase DeficiencyDisease
Estrone MetabolismMetabolic
Sulfate/Sulfite MetabolismMetabolic
17-beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase III DeficiencyDisease
Androgen and Estrogen MetabolismMetabolic
Aromatase DeficiencyDisease
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirAbacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Estrone sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Estrone sulfate can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Estrone sulfate can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbciximabEstrone sulfate may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Abciximab.
AbemaciclibThe excretion of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Estrone sulfate.
Food Interactions
  • Take with food. Food decreases nausea.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Estrone sodium sulfate6K6FDA543A438-67-5VUCAHVBMSFIGAI-ZFINNJDLSA-M
EstropipateSVI38UY0197280-37-7HZEQBCVBILBTEP-ZFINNJDLSA-N
Potassium estrone sulfateC354LET0O41240-04-6CUQHOFAEIPGLBH-ZFINNJDLSA-M
Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Estroneprodrug2DI9HA706A53-16-7DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-CBZIJGRNSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
ORTHO-EST
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Ogen .625Tablet0.75 mgOralPfizer Canada Ulc1994-12-312012-08-24Canada flag
Ogen 1.25Tablet1.5 mgOralPfizer Canada Ulc1994-12-312012-08-24Canada flag
Ogen 2.5Tablet3.0 mgOralPfizer Canada Ulc1994-12-312012-08-24Canada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
EstropipateTablet1.5 mg/1OralAvera McKennan Hospital2015-07-072017-05-24US flag
EstropipateTablet3 mg/1OralActavis Pharma, Inc.1993-09-23Not applicableUS flag
EstropipateTablet1.5 mg/1OralBarr Laboratories1998-01-232011-10-31US flag
EstropipateTablet1.5 mg/1OralWatson Pharma, Inc.1993-09-232002-06-19US flag
EstropipateTablet0.75 mg/1OralMylan Pharmaceuticals1999-11-102013-06-30US flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Eemt D.S.Estrone sodium sulfate (0.625 mg/1) + Methyltestosterone (1.25 mg/1)Tablet, coatedOralBreckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc.2003-11-012012-01-31US flag
Eemt H.S.Estrone sodium sulfate (0.625 mg/1) + Methyltestosterone (1.25 mg/1)Tablet, coatedOralBreckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc.2003-11-012012-01-31US flag
Esterified Estrogens and MethyltestosteroneEstrone sodium sulfate (1.25 mg/1) + Methyltestosterone (2.5 mg/1)Tablet, film coatedOralTal Pharma Llc2010-09-17Not applicableUS flag
Esterified Estrogens and MethyltestosteroneEstrone sodium sulfate (0.625 mg/1) + Methyltestosterone (1.25 mg/1)Tablet, film coatedOralTal Pharma Llc2010-09-17Not applicableUS flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sulfated steroids. These are sterol lipids containing a sulfate group attached to the steroid skeleton.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Steroids and steroid derivatives
Sub Class
Sulfated steroids
Direct Parent
Sulfated steroids
Alternative Parents
Estrane steroids / 17-oxosteroids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Tetralins / Arylsulfates / Sulfuric acid monoesters / Ketones / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
17-oxosteroid / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Arylsulfate / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Estrane-skeleton / Hydrocarbon derivative / Ketone / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
steroid sulfate, 17-oxo steroid (CHEBI:17474) / sulfates, C18 steroids (estrogens) and derivatives, Estrogens (C02538) / C18 steroids (estrogens) and derivatives (LMST02010043)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
QTL48N278K
CAS number
481-97-0
InChI Key
JKKFKPJIXZFSSB-CBZIJGRNSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H22O5S/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(23-24(20,21)22)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)19/h3,5,10,14-16H,2,4,6-9H2,1H3,(H,20,21,22)/t14-,15-,16+,18+/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
[(3aS,3bR,9bS,11aS)-11a-methyl-1-oxo-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxidanesulfonic acid
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=C3

References

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0001425
KEGG Compound
C02538
PubChem Compound
3001028
PubChem Substance
46508976
ChemSpider
2272513
BindingDB
50366524
ChEBI
17474
ChEMBL
CHEMBL494753
ZINC
ZINC000003876186
PharmGKB
PA165958342
RxList
RxList Drug Page
PDRhealth
PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia
Estropipate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
TabletOral0.75 mg/1
TabletOral1.5 mg/1
TabletOral3 mg/1
TabletOral6 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral20.83 mg
CreamVaginal1.5 mg/1g
TabletOral0.75 mg
TabletOral1.5 mg
TabletOral3.0 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0059 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.29ALOGPS
logP3.83Chemaxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-1.7Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.5Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area80.67 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity89.07 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability36.61 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9974
Blood Brain Barrier+0.935
Caco-2 permeable-0.8343
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.5376
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.5591
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9751
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8407
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7526
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8214
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6275
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9046
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9071
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.923
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9026
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9421
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8808
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.5621
CarcinogenicityCarcinogens 0.5507
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9558
Rat acute toxicity2.2402 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Strong inhibitor0.5746
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.8077
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0079-1195000000-45f680d267db2b386dfb
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f89-0009000000-6399f33ce7fec4684562
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0009000000-f309939d6e7a4cf8dfc2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0v5a-5691000000-82d08893a58c3044e99d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9006000000-0b6450dc182972fe85c4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9131000000-93d073e1d018fdf1d8ef
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-006t-0940000000-3c933c57f945907676a6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f89-0009000000-6399f33ce7fec4684562
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0009000000-f309939d6e7a4cf8dfc2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0v5a-5691000000-82d08893a58c3044e99d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9006000000-0b6450dc182972fe85c4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9131000000-93d073e1d018fdf1d8ef
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-006t-0940000000-3c933c57f945907676a6
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-194.2515647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-194.4666647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-193.8859647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-188.28293
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M-H]-194.2515647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-194.4666647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-193.8859647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-188.28293
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+194.8820647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+195.0746647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+195.4949647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+190.68744
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+194.8820647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+195.0746647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+195.4949647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+190.68744
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+194.5896647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+194.3450647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+194.5279647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+199.19106
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+194.5896647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+194.3450647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+194.5279647
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+199.19106
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissu...
Gene Name
ESR1
Uniprot ID
P03372
Uniprot Name
Estrogen receptor
Molecular Weight
66215.45 Da
References
  1. Brama M, Gnessi L, Basciani S, Cerulli N, Politi L, Spera G, Mariani S, Cherubini S, Scotto d'Abusco A, Scandurra R, Migliaccio S: Cadmium induces mitogenic signaling in breast cancer cell by an ERalpha-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007 Jan 29;264(1-2):102-8. Epub 2006 Nov 27. [Article]
  2. Lehnes K, Winder AD, Alfonso C, Kasid N, Simoneaux M, Summe H, Morgan E, Iann MC, Duncan J, Eagan M, Tavaluc R, Evans CH Jr, Russell R, Wang A, Hu F, Stoica A: The effect of estradiol on in vivo tumorigenesis is modulated by the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt1 pathway. Endocrinology. 2007 Mar;148(3):1171-80. Epub 2006 Nov 30. [Article]
  3. Sasson S: Equilibrium binding analysis of estrogen agonists and antagonists: relation to the activation of the estrogen receptor. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 Jan;39(1):59-69. [Article]
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent m...
Gene Name
ESR2
Uniprot ID
Q92731
Uniprot Name
Estrogen receptor beta
Molecular Weight
59215.765 Da
References
  1. Vijayanathan V, Greenfield NJ, Thomas TJ, Ivanova MM, Tyulmenkov VV, Klinge CM, Gallo MA, Thomas T: Effects of estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen on the conformation, thermal stability, and DNA recognition of estrogen receptor beta. Biochem Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;85(1):1-10. [Article]
  2. Sasson S: Equilibrium binding analysis of estrogen agonists and antagonists: relation to the activation of the estrogen receptor. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 Jan;39(1):59-69. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
Curator comments
Enzyme action based on in vitro data.
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Egnell AC, Eriksson C, Albertson N, Houston B, Boyer S: Generation and evaluation of a CYP2C9 heteroactivation pharmacophore. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Dec;307(3):878-87. Epub 2003 Oct 13. [Article]
  2. Modugno F, Knoll C, Kanbour-Shakir A, Romkes M: A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7. doi: 10.1023/B:BREA.0000004376.21491.44. [Article]
  3. Daly AK, Rettie AE, Fowler DM, Miners JO: Pharmacogenomics of CYP2C9: Functional and Clinical Considerations. J Pers Med. 2017 Dec 28;8(1). pii: jpm8010001. doi: 10.3390/jpm8010001. [Article]
  4. Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
  5. CYP2C19 and CYP2C9: New aspects of pharmacogenetics and transcriptional regulation [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Lee AJ, Cai MX, Thomas PE, Conney AH, Zhu BT: Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98. [Article]
  2. Cribb AE, Knight MJ, Dryer D, Guernsey J, Hender K, Tesch M, Saleh TM: Role of polymorphic human cytochrome P450 enzymes in estrone oxidation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Mar;15(3):551-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0801. [Article]
  3. Ueno T, Tamura S, Frels WI, Shou M, Gonzalez FJ, Kimura S: A transgenic mouse expressing human CYP1A2 in the pancreas. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Sep 15;60(6):857-63. [Article]
  4. Yamazaki H, Shaw PM, Guengerich FP, Shimada T: Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2 and 3A4 in the oxidation of estradiol and estrone in human liver microsomes. Chem Res Toxicol. 1998 Jun;11(6):659-65. doi: 10.1021/tx970217f. [Article]
  5. CYP1A2 document, cancer.gov [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Lee AJ, Cai MX, Thomas PE, Conney AH, Zhu BT: Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98. [Article]
  2. Williams ET, Leyk M, Wrighton SA, Davies PJ, Loose DS, Shipley GL, Strobel HW: Estrogen regulation of the cytochrome P450 3A subfamily in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Nov;311(2):728-35. Epub 2004 Jul 28. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Androgen binding
Specific Function
Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
Gene Name
SHBG
Uniprot ID
P04278
Uniprot Name
Sex hormone-binding globulin
Molecular Weight
43778.755 Da
References
  1. Campusano M C, Brusco G F, Campino J C, Rodriguez P L, Arteaga U E: [Assessment of androgenic decline in the elderly]. Rev Med Chil. 2006 Sep;134(9):1123-8. Epub 2006 Dec 12. [Article]
  2. Kuba R, Pohanka M, Zakopcan J, Novotna I, Rektor I: Sexual dysfunctions and blood hormonal profile in men with focal epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2006 Dec;47(12):2135-40. [Article]
  3. Bendlova B, Zavadilova J, Vankova M, Vejrazkova D, Lukasova P, Vcelak J, Hill M, Cibula D, Vondra K, Starka L, Vrbikova J: Role of D327N sex hormone-binding globulin gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Apr;104(1-2):68-74. Epub 2007 Jan 26. [Article]
  4. Sablik Z, Samborska-Sablik A, Bolinska-Soltysiak H, Goch JH, Kula K: [Hyperandrogenism as a risk factor of coronary artery disease in young women]. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2006 Feb;115(2):118-24. [Article]
  5. Mohamad MJ, Mohammad MA, Karayyem M, Hairi A, Hader AA: Serum levels of sex hormones in men with acute myocardial infarction. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007 Apr;28(2):182-6. [Article]
  6. O'Connell MB: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Sep;35(9S):18S-24S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04143.x. [Article]
  7. Pardridge WM: Serum bioavailability of sex steroid hormones. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 May;15(2):259-78. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. O'Connell MB: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Sep;35(9S):18S-24S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04143.x. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Monovalent cation:proton antiporter activity
Specific Function
Solute transporter for tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), metformin, creatinine, guanidine, procainamide, topotecan, estrone sulfat...
Gene Name
SLC47A1
Uniprot ID
Q96FL8
Uniprot Name
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1
Molecular Weight
61921.585 Da
References
  1. Tanihara Y, Masuda S, Sato T, Katsura T, Ogawa O, Inui K: Substrate specificity of MATE1 and MATE2-K, human multidrug and toxin extrusions/H(+)-organic cation antiporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 15;74(2):359-71. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.04.010. Epub 2007 Apr 13. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Curator comments
Datas supported only by an in vitro study.
General Function
Drug transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Solute transporter for tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, N-methylnicotinamide, metformin, creatinine, guanidine, procainamide, topotecan, estrone sulfate, acy...
Gene Name
SLC47A2
Uniprot ID
Q86VL8
Uniprot Name
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2
Molecular Weight
65083.915 Da
References
  1. Tanihara Y, Masuda S, Sato T, Katsura T, Ogawa O, Inui K: Substrate specificity of MATE1 and MATE2-K, human multidrug and toxin extrusions/H(+)-organic cation antiporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 15;74(2):359-71. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.04.010. Epub 2007 Apr 13. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function
The hepatic sodium/bile acid uptake system exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various non-bile acid organic compounds as well. It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presenc...
Gene Name
SLC10A1
Uniprot ID
Q14973
Uniprot Name
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter
Molecular Weight
38118.64 Da
References
  1. FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers [Link]
  2. FDA table of interactions [Link]

Drug created at September 07, 2007 21:12 / Updated at February 19, 2024 14:23