Urokinase

Identification

Summary

Urokinase is a low molecular weight form of human urokinase used to treat pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction as well as to clear IV lines.

Brand Names

Kinlytic

Generic Name

Urokinase

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00013

Background

Urokinase is an endogenous peptide that is cleaved in the presence of plasmin between lysine 158 and isoleucine 159 to yield active urokinase.² Urokinase remains connected between these 2 chains by a sulfhydryl bond.²

Urokinase was granted FDA approval on 16 January 1978.³

Type

Biotech

Groups

Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn

Biologic Classification

Protein Based Therapies
Blood factors

Protein Structure

Protein Chemical Formula: C₁₃₇₆H₂₁₄₅N₃₈₃O₄₀₆S₁₈
Protein Average Weight: 31126.5 Da

Sequences

>DB00013 sequence
KPSSPPEELKFQCGQKTLRPRFKIIGGEFTTIENQPWFAAIYRRHRGGSVTYVCGGSLMS
PCWVISATHCFIDYPKKEDYIVYLGRSRLNSNTQGEMKFEVENLILHKDYSADTLAHHND
IALLKIRSKEGRCAQPSRTIQTICLPSMYNDPQFGTSCEITGFGKENSTDYLYPEQLKMT
VVKLISHRECQQPHYYGSEVTTKMLCAADPQWKTDSCQGDSGGPLVCSLQGRMTLTGIVS
WGRGCALKDKPGVYTRVSHFLPWIRSHTKEENGLAL

Download FASTA Format

Synonyms

Kinase (enzyme-activating), uro-urokinase
TCUK
Tissue culture urokinase
Two-chain urokinase
Urochinasi
Urokinase
Urokinasum
Uroquinasa

External IDs

WIN 22005

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Pharmacology

Indication

In Canada, urokinase is indicated for lysis of acute massive pulmonary emboli, acute thrombi obstructing coronary arteries, occlusive thromboemboli in peripheral arteries and grafts, and restoration of patency to intravenous catheters.⁴

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Treatment of	Acute massive pulmonary embolism	••••••••••••	•••••		•••••••••
Treatment of	Obstruction; catheter, infusion catheter (vascular)	••••••••••••	•••••		•••••••••
Treatment of	Pulmonary embolism	••••••••••••	•••••	••••••••••••••• ••••••••	•••••••••
Treatment of	Thromboembolism of the coronary artery	••••••••••••	•••••		•••••••••
Treatment of	Thromboembolism of the graft	••••••••••••	•••••		•••••••••

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Urokinase is a serine protease that activates plasminogen to an active fibrinolytic protease.¹ The duration of action is short due to the short half life.³ Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of bleeding, anaphylaxis, infusion reactions, and cholesterol embolization.[L12138

Mechanism of action

Urokinase is a serine protease.¹ It cleaves plasminogen to form the active fibrinolytic protease, plasmin.¹

Target	Actions	Organism
APlasminogen	activator	Humans
AUrokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor	inducer modulator	Humans
APlasminogen activator inhibitor 1	substrate inducer	Humans
APlasminogen activator inhibitor 2	substrate inducer	Humans
UPlasma serine protease inhibitor	substrate	Humans
ULow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	substrate	Humans
USuppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein	substrate	Humans
UNidogen-1	ligand	Humans

Absorption

Urokinase is delivered intravenously, so the bioavailability is high.

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution of urokinase is 11.5L.³

Protein binding

Data regarding the protein binding of urokinase in plasma is not readily available.

Metabolism

Because urokinase is a protein, it is expected to be metabolized by proteases to smaller proteins and amino acids.

Route of elimination

Urokinase is eliminated in the bile and urine.³

Half-life

Urokinase has a half life of 12.6±6.2 minutes.³

Clearance

Data regarding the clearance of urokinase is not readily available.

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with bleeding.⁴ Treat patients with symptomatic and supportive measures which may include application of local pressure, administration of whole blood or plasma, and administration of aminocaproic acid.⁴

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Urokinase Action Pathway	Drug action

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
Integrate drug-drug interactions in your software
Abciximab	Urokinase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Abciximab.
Aceclofenac	The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Aceclofenac is combined with Urokinase.
Acemetacin	The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Urokinase is combined with Acemetacin.
Acenocoumarol	Urokinase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.
Acetylsalicylic acid	Acetylsalicylic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Urokinase.

Food Interactions

Avoid herbs and supplements with anticoagulant/antiplatelet activity. Examples include garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam, and ginkgo biloba.

Products

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International/Other Brands

Abbokinase (Abbott Laboratories)

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Kinlytic	Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	250000 [iU]/5mL	Intravenous	ImaRx Therapeutics, Inc.	2007-06-08	Not applicable
Kinlytic (urokinase for Injection)	Powder, for solution	250000 unit / vial	Intravenous	Microbix Biosystems Inc	1988-12-31	2009-10-28
Kinlytic Open-cath	Powder, for solution	5000 unit / vial	Intravenous	Microbix Biosystems Inc	1991-12-31	2009-10-28

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: 83G67E21XI
CAS number: 9039-53-6

References

Synthesis Reference

Koji Sasaki, Yasukazu Harada, "Urokinase preparation for oral administration." U.S. Patent US4258030, issued November, 1975.

US4258030

General References

Urano T, Castellino FJ, Suzuki Y: Regulation of plasminogen activation on cell surfaces and fibrin. J Thromb Haemost. 2018 May 20. doi: 10.1111/jth.14157. [Article]
Kasai S, Arimura H, Nishida M, Suyama T: Primary structure of single-chain pro-urokinase. J Biol Chem. 1985 Oct 5;260(22):12382-9. [Article]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Kinlytic Urokinase Injection (Discontinued) [Link]
Health Canada Approved Drug Products: Urokinase Injection [Link]

External Links

UniProt: P00749
Genbank: X02419
PubChem Substance: 46506299
RxNav: 11055
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1201420
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP001194
PharmGKB: PA451836
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Urokinase

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Treatment	Pleural Diseases / Pleural Effusions / Pleural Empyema	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Pulmonary Embolism / Pulmonary Thromboembolism	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Pulmonary Embolism / Thromboembolism	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Acute Ischemic Stroke	2

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Microbix biosystems inc

Packagers

Hospira Inc.
ImaRx Therapeutics
Microbix Biosystems Inc.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intravenous	250000 [iU]/5mL
Powder, for solution	Intravenous	250000 unit / vial
Powder, for solution	Intravenous	5000 unit / vial
Solution
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Parenteral	500000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	100000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	1000000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	25000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	250000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	500000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous bolus; Intravenous drip; Intravitreal	100000 IU/2ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous bolus; Intravenous drip; Intravitreal	1000000 IU/5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous bolus; Intravenous drip; Intravitreal	25000 IU/2ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous bolus; Intravenous drip; Intravitreal	500000 IU/5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	1000.000 U.I./5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	250000 U.I./5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	500000 U.I./5ML
Injection, powder, for solution
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intra-arterial; Intravenous	250000 iu
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intra-arterial; Intravenous	500000 iu
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	60000 iu
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	1000.000 UI
Powder, for solution	Intravenous	500000 UI
Powder		60000 IU/1vial

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	76 °C at pH 4.5	Nowak, U.K. et al., Biochemistry 33:2951-2960 (1994)
hydrophobicity	-0.466	Not Available
isoelectric point	8.66	Not Available

Targets

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Details1. Plasminogen

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Activator

General Function: Serine-type peptidase activity
Specific Function: Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In...
Gene Name: PLG
Uniprot ID: P00747
Uniprot Name: Plasminogen
Molecular Weight: 90568.415 Da

References

Zhang X, Zhou H, Shen G, Liu Z, Hu Y, Wei W, Song S: Study on the mechanism of the annexin II-mediated co-assembly of t-PA and plasminogen. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2002;22(1):21-3, 76. [Article]
Lopez-Alemany R, Longstaff C, Hawley S, Mirshahi M, Fabregas P, Jardi M, Merton E, Miles LA, Felez J: Inhibition of cell surface mediated plasminogen activation by a monoclonal antibody against alpha-Enolase. Am J Hematol. 2003 Apr;72(4):234-42. [Article]
Hashimoto M, Oiwa K, Matsuo O, Ueshima S, Okada K, Okada Y, Okamoto S, Giddings JC, Yamamoto J: Suppression of argatroban-induced endogenous thrombolysis by PKSI-527, and antibodies to TPA and UPA, evaluated in a rat arterial thrombolysis model. Thromb Haemost. 2003 May;89(5):820-5. [Article]
Guda K, Claffey KP, Dong M, Nambiar PR, Rosenberg DW: Defective processing of the transforming growth factor-beta1 in azoxymethane-induced mouse colon tumors. Mol Carcinog. 2003 May;37(1):51-9. [Article]
Chang H, Shyu KG, Lin S, Wang BW, Liu YC, Lee CC: Cell adhesion induces the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation in anchorage dependent cells. Cell Commun Adhes. 2002 Sep-Dec;9(5-6):239-47. [Article]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Kinlytic Urokinase Injection (Discontinued) [Link]

Details2. Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Inducer
Modulator

General Function: Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity
Specific Function: Acts as a receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator. Plays a role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation. Mediates the proteolysis-independent signal transduction activation effects of U-...
Gene Name: PLAUR
Uniprot ID: Q03405
Uniprot Name: Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor
Molecular Weight: 36977.62 Da

References

Czekay RP, Aertgeerts K, Curriden SA, Loskutoff DJ: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 detaches cells from extracellular matrices by inactivating integrins. J Cell Biol. 2003 Mar 3;160(5):781-91. [Article]
Fuchs T, Allgayer H: Transcriptional regulation of the urokinase receptor (u-PAR)--a central molecule of invasion and metastasis. Biol Chem. 2003 May;384(5):755-61. [Article]
Kanse SM, Chavakis T, Al-Fakhri N, Hersemeyer K, Monard D, Preissner KT: Reciprocal regulation of urokinase receptor (CD87)-mediated cell adhesion by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and protease nexin-1. J Cell Sci. 2004 Jan 26;117(Pt 3):477-85. Epub 2003 Dec 16. [Article]
Beaufort N, Leduc D, Rousselle JC, Magdolen V, Luther T, Namane A, Chignard M, Pidard D: Proteolytic regulation of the urokinase receptor/CD87 on monocytic cells by neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. J Immunol. 2004 Jan 1;172(1):540-9. [Article]
Guerrero J, Santibanez JF, Gonzalez A, Martinez J: EGF receptor transactivation by urokinase receptor stimulus through a mechanism involving Src and matrix metalloproteinases. Exp Cell Res. 2004 Jan 1;292(1):201-8. [Article]
Gutova M, Najbauer J, Gevorgyan A, Metz MZ, Weng Y, Shih CC, Aboody KS: Identification of uPAR-positive chemoresistant cells in small cell lung cancer. PLoS One. 2007 Feb 28;2(2):e243. [Article]

Details3. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Substrate
Inducer

General Function: Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function: Serine protease inhibitor. This inhibitor acts as 'bait' for tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, protein C and matriptase-3/TMPRSS7. Its rapid interaction with PLAT may function as a major con...
Gene Name: SERPINE1
Uniprot ID: P05121
Uniprot Name: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
Molecular Weight: 45059.695 Da

References

Gamberi G, Serra M, Ragazzini P, Magagnoli G, Pazzaglia L, Ponticelli F, Ferrari C, Zanasi M, Bertoni F, Picci P, Benassi MS: Identification of markers of possible prognostic value in 57 giant cell tumors of bone. Oncol Rep. 2003 Mar-Apr;10(2):351-6. [Article]
Shetty S, Bdeir K, Cines DB, Idell S: Induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by urokinase in lung epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 16;278(20):18124-31. Epub 2003 Mar 17. [Article]
Hellgren M: Hemostasis during normal pregnancy and puerperium. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003 Apr;29(2):125-30. [Article]
Chang H, Shyu KG, Lin S, Wang BW, Liu YC, Lee CC: Cell adhesion induces the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation in anchorage dependent cells. Cell Commun Adhes. 2002 Sep-Dec;9(5-6):239-47. [Article]
Gerstein ES, Shcherbakov AM, Kaz'min AI, Ognerubov NA, Kushlinskii NE: [Urokinase and tissue type plasminogen activators and their type-1 inhibitor (PAI-1) in gastric cancer]. Vopr Onkol. 2003;49(2):165-9. [Article]

Details4. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Substrate
Inducer

General Function: Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function: Inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator. The monocyte derived PAI-2 is distinct from the endothelial cell-derived PAI-1.
Gene Name: SERPINB2
Uniprot ID: P05120
Uniprot Name: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2
Molecular Weight: 46595.84 Da

References

Swartz JM, Bystrom J, Dyer KD, Nitto T, Wynn TA, Rosenberg HF: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) in eosinophilic leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 2004 Oct;76(4):812-9. Epub 2004 Jul 26. [Article]
Wygrecka M, Markart P, Ruppert C, Kuchenbuch T, Fink L, Bohle RM, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Gunther A: Compartment- and cell-specific expression of coagulation and fibrinolysis factors in the murine lung undergoing inhalational versus intravenous endotoxin application. Thromb Haemost. 2004 Sep;92(3):529-40. [Article]
Iglesias D, Alegre J, Aleman C, Ruiz E, Soriano T, Armadans LI, Segura RM, Angles A, Monasterio J, de Sevilla TF: Metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in exudative pleural effusions. Eur Respir J. 2005 Jan;25(1):104-9. [Article]
Grebenchtchikov N, Maguire TM, Riisbro R, Geurts-Moespot A, O'Donovan N, Schmitt M, McGreal G, McDermott E, O'Higgins N, Brunner N, Sweep CG, Duffy MJ: Measurement of plasminogen activator system components in plasma and tumor tissue extracts obtained from patients with breast cancer: an EORTC Receptor and Biomarker Group collaboration. Oncol Rep. 2005 Jul;14(1):235-9. [Article]
Fernandez-Soria V, Lleonart ME, Diaz-Fuertes M, Villuendas R, Sanchez-Prieto R, Fabra A, Ramon Y Cajal S: Adenovirus E1A orchestrates the urokinase-plasminogen activator system and upregulates PAI-2 expression, supporting a tumor suppressor effect. Int J Oncol. 2006 Jan;28(1):143-8. [Article]

Details5. Plasma serine protease inhibitor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function: Heparin-dependent serine protease inhibitor acting in body fluids and secretions. Inactivates serine proteases by binding irreversibly to their serine activation site. Involved in the regulation of...
Gene Name: SERPINA5
Uniprot ID: P05154
Uniprot Name: Plasma serine protease inhibitor
Molecular Weight: 45674.315 Da

References

Uhrin P, Schofer C, Zaujec J, Ryban L, Hilpert M, Weipoltshammer K, Jerabek I, Pirtzkall I, Furtmuller M, Dewerchin M, Binder BR, Geiger M: Male fertility and protein C inhibitor/plasminogen activator inhibitor-3 (PCI): localization of PCI in mouse testis and failure of single plasminogen activator knockout to restore spermatogenesis in PCI-deficient mice. Fertil Steril. 2007 Oct;88(4 Suppl):1049-57. Epub 2007 Apr 16. [Article]
Espana F, Navarro S, Medina P, Zorio E, Estelles A: The role of protein C inhibitor in human reproduction. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2007 Feb;33(1):41-5. [Article]
Odet F, Guyot R, Leduque P, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B: Evidence for similar expression of protein C inhibitor and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system during mouse testis development. Endocrinology. 2004 Mar;145(3):1481-9. Epub 2003 Nov 26. [Article]

Details6. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Curator comments: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 mediates endocytosis of urokinase.

General Function: Calcium ion binding
Specific Function: Acts together with cubilin to mediate HDL endocytosis (By similarity). May participate in regulation of parathyroid-hormone and para-thyroid-hormone-related protein release.
Gene Name: LRP2
Uniprot ID: P98164
Uniprot Name: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2
Molecular Weight: 521952.77 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
Kanalas JJ: Effect of the nephritogenic autoantibody of Heymann's nephritis on plasminogen-binding to gp330 and activation by urokinase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):101-6. [Article]
Kanalas JJ: Analysis of plasmin binding and urokinase activation of plasminogen bound to the Heymann nephritis autoantigen, gp330. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Dec;299(2):255-60. [Article]
Korenberg JR, Argraves KM, Chen XN, Tran H, Strickland DK, Argraves WS: Chromosomal localization of human genes for the LDL receptor family member glycoprotein 330 (LRP2) and its associated protein RAP (LRPAP1). Genomics. 1994 Jul 1;22(1):88-93. [Article]

Details7. Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Curator comments: Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein activates urokinase.

General Function: Serine-type peptidase activity
Specific Function: Degrades extracellular matrix. Proposed to play a role in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Exhibits trypsin-like activity as defined by cleavage of synthetic substrates with Arg or Lys as the...
Gene Name: ST14
Uniprot ID: Q9Y5Y6
Uniprot Name: Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein
Molecular Weight: 94769.01 Da

References

Suzuki M, Kobayashi H, Kanayama N, Saga Y, Suzuki M, Lin CY, Dickson RB, Terao T: Inhibition of tumor invasion by genomic down-regulation of matriptase through suppression of activation of receptor-bound pro-urokinase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 9;279(15):14899-908. Epub 2004 Jan 27. [Article]
Kirchhofer D, Peek M, Li W, Stamos J, Eigenbrot C, Kadkhodayan S, Elliott JM, Corpuz RT, Lazarus RA, Moran P: Tissue expression, protease specificity, and Kunitz domain functions of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1B (HAI-1B), a new splice variant of HAI-1. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 19;278(38):36341-9. Epub 2003 Jun 18. [Article]

Details8. Nidogen-1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Ligand

General Function: Proteoglycan binding
Specific Function: Sulfated glycoprotein widely distributed in basement membranes and tightly associated with laminin. Also binds to collagen IV and perlecan. It probably has a role in cell-extracellular matrix inter...
Gene Name: NID1
Uniprot ID: P14543
Uniprot Name: Nidogen-1
Molecular Weight: 136375.93 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
Stephens RW, Aumailley M, Timpl R, Reisberg T, Tapiovaara H, Myohanen H, Murphy-Ullrich J, Vaheri A: Urokinase binding to laminin-nidogen. Structural requirements and interactions with heparin. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Aug 1;207(3):937-42. [Article]

Enzymes

Details1. Macrophage metalloelastase

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: May be involved in tissue injury and remodeling. Has significant elastolytic activity. Can accept large and small amino acids at the P1' site, but has a preference for leucine. Aromatic or hydropho...
Gene Name: MMP12
Uniprot ID: P39900
Uniprot Name: Macrophage metalloelastase
Molecular Weight: 54001.175 Da

References

Andolfo A, English WR, Resnati M, Murphy G, Blasi F, Sidenius N: Metalloproteases cleave the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in the D1-D2 linker region and expose epitopes not present in the intact soluble receptor. Thromb Haemost. 2002 Aug;88(2):298-306. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:41

Urokinase

Identification

Pharmacology

Interactions

Products

Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Targets

References

References

References

References

References

References

References

References

Enzymes

References