Identification
- Generic Name
- ATP
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00171
- Background
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Investigational, Nutraceutical
- Structure
Structure for ATP (DB00171)
- Weight
- Average: 507.181
Monoisotopic: 506.995745159 - Chemical Formula
- C10H16N5O13P3
- Synonyms
- Adenosine 5'-triphosphate
- Adenosine triphosphate
- Adenosine-5'-triphosphate
- ATP
Pharmacology
- Indication
For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Arrhythmia supraventricular •••••••••••• ••••••••• Treatment of Supraventricular arrhythmias •••••••••••• ••••••• •••• •••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the "molecular currency" of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its consumption must closely follow its synthesis.
- Mechanism of action
ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. ATP can be produced by various cellular processes, most typically in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation under the catalytic influence of ATP synthase. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its consumption must closely follow its synthesis.
- Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Oral LD50 in rats is > 2 g/kg.
- Pathways
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Not Available
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Adenosine triphosphate disodium 5L51B4DR1G 987-65-5 TTWYZDPBDWHJOR-IDIVVRGQSA-L Adenosine triphosphate disodium trihydrate 7ZRM409FOZ 51963-61-2 MWEQTWJABOLLOS-AZGWGOJFSA-L - International/Other Brands
- Atriphos (Biochimica) / Striadyne (Auclair)
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside triphosphates. These are purine ribobucleotides with a triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
- Class
- Purine nucleotides
- Sub Class
- Purine ribonucleotides
- Direct Parent
- Purine ribonucleoside triphosphates
- Alternative Parents
- Purine ribonucleoside monophosphates / Pentose phosphates / Glycosylamines / 6-aminopurines / Monosaccharide phosphates / Monoalkyl phosphates / Aminopyrimidines and derivatives / N-substituted imidazoles / Imidolactams / Heteroaromatic compounds show 9 more
- Substituents
- 1,2-diol / 6-aminopurine / Alcohol / Alkyl phosphate / Amine / Aminopyrimidine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Glycosyl compound show 30 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- adenosine 5'-phosphate, purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate (CHEBI:15422) / Ribonucleotides, Coenzymes (C00002)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 8L70Q75FXE
- CAS number
- 56-65-5
- InChI Key
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- ({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphonic acid
- SMILES
- NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
References
- Synthesis Reference
George M. Whitesides, Patricia E. Garrett, Merrell G. Siegel, "Method for preparing adenosine triphosphate." U.S. Patent US4164444, issued April, 1975.
US4164444- General References
- Gajewski E, Steckler DK, Goldberg RN: Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate to adenosine 5'-diphosphate. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 25;261(27):12733-7. [Article]
- Storer AC, Cornish-Bowden A: Concentration of MgATP2- and other ions in solution. Calculation of the true concentrations of species present in mixtures of associating ions. Biochem J. 1976 Oct 1;159(1):1-5. [Article]
- Wilson JE, Chin A: Chelation of divalent cations by ATP, studied by titration calorimetry. Anal Biochem. 1991 Feb 15;193(1):16-9. [Article]
- Garfinkel L, Altschuld RA, Garfinkel D: Magnesium in cardiac energy metabolism. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1986 Oct;18(10):1003-13. [Article]
- Parsons M: Glycosomes: parasites and the divergence of peroxisomal purpose. Mol Microbiol. 2004 Aug;53(3):717-24. [Article]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0000538
- KEGG Drug
- D08646
- KEGG Compound
- C00002
- PubChem Compound
- 5957
- PubChem Substance
- 46507614
- ChemSpider
- 5742
- BindingDB
- 2
- 318
- ChEBI
- 15422
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL14249
- ZINC
- ZINC000004261765
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DNC000262
- PharmGKB
- PA164743471
- PDBe Ligand
- ATP
- Wikipedia
- Adenosine_triphosphate
- PDB Entries
- 1a0i / 1a49 / 1a5u / 1a82 / 1aq2 / 1asz / 1atn / 1atp / 1ayl / 1b0u … show 2479 more
- MSDS
- Download (72.6 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment Atrial Fibrillation 1 3 Completed Treatment Cancer / Palliative Treatment / Quality of Life (QOL) / Survival 1 2 Completed Other Alzheimer's Disease (AD) 1 2 Unknown Status Treatment Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 1 1 Completed Basic Science Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, film coated Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 176 °C Not Available water solubility 1E+006 mg/L MERCK INDEX (1996); freely soluble logP -5.5 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 4.49 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.84 ALOGPS logP -5.4 Chemaxon logS -2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 0.9 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 4.93 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -4 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 14 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 7 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 279.13 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 8 Chemaxon Refractivity 95.81 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 39.07 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.8672 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9035 Caco-2 permeable - 0.7475 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.6692 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8983 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9763 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9571 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8379 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8363 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5673 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8908 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9403 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9005 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9352 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9375 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.976 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8933 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9165 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9645 Rat acute toxicity 2.5022 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9727 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8159
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 219.8533928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 225.8660928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 205.0044928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 231.7764928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 168.8962 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 223.1981928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 225.5127928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 206.0154928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 230.7223928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 171.69351 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 222.3238928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 225.8385928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 206.1454928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 230.3052928 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 179.74715 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Isoform 1: May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Transports glutathione conjugates as leukotriene-c4 (LTC4...
- Gene Name
- ABCC6
- Uniprot ID
- O95255
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6
- Molecular Weight
- 164904.81 Da
References
- Ilias A, Urban Z, Seidl TL, Le Saux O, Sinko E, Boyd CD, Sarkadi B, Varadi A: Loss of ATP-dependent transport activity in pseudoxanthoma elasticum-associated mutants of human ABCC6 (MRP6). J Biol Chem. 2002 May 10;277(19):16860-7. Epub 2002 Mar 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
- Specific Function
- May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification.
- Gene Name
- ABCC4
- Uniprot ID
- O15439
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4
- Molecular Weight
- 149525.33 Da
References
- Sauna ZE, Peng XH, Nandigama K, Tekle S, Ambudkar SV: The molecular basis of the action of disulfiram as a modulator of the multidrug resistance-linked ATP binding cassette transporters MDR1 (ABCB1) and MRP1 (ABCC1). Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;65(3):675-84. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Curator comments
- ATP as a substrate for hydrolysis by ABCC1
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o-glucuronide, methotre...
- Gene Name
- ABCC1
- Uniprot ID
- P33527
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 171589.5 Da
References
- Westlake CJ, Payen L, Gao M, Cole SP, Deeley RG: Identification and characterization of functionally important elements in the multidrug resistance protein 1 COOH-terminal region. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 17;279(51):53571-83. Epub 2004 Sep 30. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Pdz domain binding
- Specific Function
- Involved in the transport of chloride ions. May regulate bicarbonate secretion and salvage in epithelial cells by regulating the SLC4A7 transporter. Can inhibit the chloride channel activity of ANO...
- Gene Name
- CFTR
- Uniprot ID
- P13569
- Uniprot Name
- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Molecular Weight
- 168139.895 Da
References
- Berger AL, Ikuma M, Welsh MJ: Normal gating of CFTR requires ATP binding to both nucleotide-binding domains and hydrolysis at the second nucleotide-binding domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jan 11;102(2):455-60. Epub 2004 Dec 27. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein serine/threonine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate...
- Gene Name
- PIK3CA
- Uniprot ID
- P42336
- Uniprot Name
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform
- Molecular Weight
- 124283.025 Da
References
- Folkes AJ, Ahmadi K, Alderton WK, Alix S, Baker SJ, Box G, Chuckowree IS, Clarke PA, Depledge P, Eccles SA, Friedman LS, Hayes A, Hancox TC, Kugendradas A, Lensun L, Moore P, Olivero AG, Pang J, Patel S, Pergl-Wilson GH, Raynaud FI, Robson A, Saghir N, Salphati L, Sohal S, Ultsch MH, Valenti M, Wallweber HJ, Wan NC, Wiesmann C, Workman P, Zhyvoloup A, Zvelebil MJ, Shuttleworth SJ: The identification of 2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-t hieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (GDC-0941) as a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of class I PI3 kinase for the treatment of cancer . J Med Chem. 2008 Sep 25;51(18):5522-32. doi: 10.1021/jm800295d. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein serine/threonine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated ser...
- Gene Name
- CSNK2A1
- Uniprot ID
- P68400
- Uniprot Name
- Casein kinase II subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 45143.25 Da
References
- Pierre F, Chua PC, O'Brien SE, Siddiqui-Jain A, Bourbon P, Haddach M, Michaux J, Nagasawa J, Schwaebe MK, Stefan E, Vialettes A, Whitten JP, Chen TK, Darjania L, Stansfield R, Anderes K, Bliesath J, Drygin D, Ho C, Omori M, Proffitt C, Streiner N, Trent K, Rice WG, Ryckman DM: Discovery and SAR of 5-(3-chlorophenylamino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylic acid (CX-4945), the first clinical stage inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 for the treatment of cancer. J Med Chem. 2011 Jan 27;54(2):635-54. doi: 10.1021/jm101251q. Epub 2010 Dec 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transcription factor binding
- Specific Function
- Participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity). Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit.
- Gene Name
- CSNK2B
- Uniprot ID
- P67870
- Uniprot Name
- Casein kinase II subunit beta
- Molecular Weight
- 24942.25 Da
References
- Pierre F, Chua PC, O'Brien SE, Siddiqui-Jain A, Bourbon P, Haddach M, Michaux J, Nagasawa J, Schwaebe MK, Stefan E, Vialettes A, Whitten JP, Chen TK, Darjania L, Stansfield R, Anderes K, Bliesath J, Drygin D, Ho C, Omori M, Proffitt C, Streiner N, Trent K, Rice WG, Ryckman DM: Discovery and SAR of 5-(3-chlorophenylamino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylic acid (CX-4945), the first clinical stage inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 for the treatment of cancer. J Med Chem. 2011 Jan 27;54(2):635-54. doi: 10.1021/jm101251q. Epub 2010 Dec 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for ATP and ADP coupled to G-proteins that activate both phosphatidylinositol-calcium and adenylyl cyclase second messenger systems. Not activated by UTP or UDP.
- Gene Name
- P2RY11
- Uniprot ID
- Q96G91
- Uniprot Name
- P2Y purinoceptor 11
- Molecular Weight
- 40344.755 Da
References
- Xiao Z, Yang M, Lv Q, Wang W, Deng M, Liu X, He Q, Chen X, Chen M, Fang L, Xie X, Hu J: P2Y11 impairs cell proliferation by induction of cell cycle arrest and sensitizes endothelial cells to cisplatin-induced cell death. J Cell Biochem. 2011 Sep;112(9):2257-65. doi: 10.1002/jcb.23144. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Signal transducer activity
- Specific Function
- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates a myriad of proteins involved in different signaling pathways including the kinases CSNK1E, ASK1/MAP3K5, PRKDC and RAF1, the nuclear recep...
- Gene Name
- PPP5C
- Uniprot ID
- P53041
- Uniprot Name
- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5
- Molecular Weight
- 56878.22 Da
References
- Hong TJ, Kim S, Wi AR, Lee P, Kang M, Jeong JH, Hahn JS: Dynamic nucleotide-dependent interactions of cysteine- and histidine-rich domain (CHORD)-containing Hsp90 cochaperones Chp-1 and melusin with cochaperones PP5 and Sgt1. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jan 4;288(1):215-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.398636. Epub 2012 Nov 26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1-overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, ce...
- Gene Name
- ABL2
- Uniprot ID
- P42684
- Uniprot Name
- Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 128341.935 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Syntaxin binding
- Specific Function
- cAMP-dependent and sulfonylurea-sensitive anion transporter. Key gatekeeper influencing intracellular cholesterol transport.
- Gene Name
- ABCA1
- Uniprot ID
- O95477
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 254299.89 Da
References
- Porchay I, Pean F, Bellili N, Royer B, Cogneau J, Chesnier MC, Caradec A, Tichet J, Balkau B, Marre M, Fumeron F: ABCA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and overweight: the D.E.S.I.R. study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Nov;14(11):1874-9. [Article]
- Badeau R, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Nikander E, Tikkanen MJ, Ylikorkala O, Mikkola TS: Effect of isolated isoflavone supplementation on ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux potential in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2007 Mar-Apr;14(2):293-9. [Article]
- Zarubica A, Trompier D, Chimini G: ABCA1, from pathology to membrane function. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Feb;453(5):569-79. Epub 2006 Jul 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Atp binding
- Specific Function
- Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation.
- Gene Name
- ACSS2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NR19
- Uniprot Name
- Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic
- Molecular Weight
- 78579.11 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Starai VJ, Celic I, Cole RN, Boeke JD, Escalante-Semerena JC: Sir2-dependent activation of acetyl-CoA synthetase by deacetylation of active lysine. Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2390-2. [Article]
- Schuler AJ, Jenkins D: Enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by biomass with different phosphorus contents, Part II: Anaerobic adenosine triphosphate utilization and acetate uptake rates. Water Environ Res. 2003 Nov-Dec;75(6):499-511. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Neuronal orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is essentially and transiently expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and plays an important role in the genesis a...
- Gene Name
- ALK
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UM73
- Uniprot Name
- ALK tyrosine kinase receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 176440.535 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Regulatory subunit of the dimeric UBA3-NAE1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the cata...
- Gene Name
- NAE1
- Uniprot ID
- Q13564
- Uniprot Name
- NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit
- Molecular Weight
- 60245.795 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Tau-protein kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular A...
- Gene Name
- PRKAA1
- Uniprot ID
- Q13131
- Uniprot Name
- 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 64008.64 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor signaling protein activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. May also regulate the TOR signaling cascade.Isoform 2: Serves as a positive regulator of myogenic differenti...
- Gene Name
- ARAF
- Uniprot ID
- P10398
- Uniprot Name
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf
- Molecular Weight
- 67584.825 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Type I receptor for TGF-beta family ligands BMP9/GDF2 and BMP10 and important regulator of normal blood vessel development. On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and...
- Gene Name
- ACVRL1
- Uniprot ID
- P37023
- Uniprot Name
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3
- Molecular Weight
- 56124.03 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Long-chain fatty acid-coa ligase activity
- Specific Function
- Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate.
- Gene Name
- ACSL1
- Uniprot ID
- P33121
- Uniprot Name
- Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 77942.685 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nucleotide binding
- Specific Function
- May have a critical role in the maintenance of a constant composition of intracellular purine/pyrimidine nucleotides in cooperation with other nucleotidases. Preferentially hydrolyzes inosine 5'-mo...
- Gene Name
- NT5C2
- Uniprot ID
- P49902
- Uniprot Name
- Cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase
- Molecular Weight
- 64969.2 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- ATPase required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cyto...
- Gene Name
- ASNA1
- Uniprot ID
- O43681
- Uniprot Name
- ATPase ASNA1
- Molecular Weight
- 38792.445 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Can form cardiac and smooth muscle-type KATP channels with KCNJ11. KCNJ11 forms the channel pore while ABCC9 is required for activation and regul...
- Gene Name
- ABCC9
- Uniprot ID
- O60706
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9
- Molecular Weight
- 174221.7 Da
References
- Zhao JL, Yang YJ, You SJ, Jing ZC, Wu YJ, Cheng JL, Gao RL: Pretreatment with fosinopril or valsartan reduces myocardial no-reflow after acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion. Coron Artery Dis. 2006 Aug;17(5):463-9. [Article]
- Yang YJ, Zhao JL, You SJ, Wu YJ, Jing ZC, Gao RL, Chen ZJ: Post-infarction treatment with simvastatin reduces myocardial no-reflow by opening of the KATP channel. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007 Jan;9(1):30-6. Epub 2006 Jul 7. [Article]
- Bryan J, Munoz A, Zhang X, Dufer M, Drews G, Krippeit-Drews P, Aguilar-Bryan L: ABCC8 and ABCC9: ABC transporters that regulate K+ channels. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Feb;453(5):703-18. Epub 2006 Aug 8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, ...
- Gene Name
- AKT1
- Uniprot ID
- P31749
- Uniprot Name
- RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
- Molecular Weight
- 55686.035 Da
References
- Van Meter TE, Broaddus WC, Cash D, Fillmore H: Cotreatment with a novel phosphoinositide analogue inhibitor and carmustine enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy by attenuating AKT activity in gliomas. Cancer. 2006 Nov 15;107(10):2446-54. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors, probably inducing a desensitization of them. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling. Competes w...
- Gene Name
- ADRBK1
- Uniprot ID
- P25098
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 79572.96 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nucleotide binding
- Specific Function
- Oligomeric Apaf-1 mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase-9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. This activation requires ATP. Isoform...
- Gene Name
- APAF1
- Uniprot ID
- O14727
- Uniprot Name
- Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141838.815 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Chinnaiyan AM: The apoptosome: heart and soul of the cell death machine. Neoplasia. 1999 Apr;1(1):5-15. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Atp binding
- Specific Function
- Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting and for energy homeostasis. Essential for energy expenditure under ketogenic conditions (By similarity). Converts acetate to acetyl-...
- Gene Name
- ACSS1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NUB1
- Uniprot Name
- Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 74856.1 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-1 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin receptor type-2 (ACVR2A or ACVR2B). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surfac...
- Gene Name
- ACVR1B
- Uniprot ID
- P36896
- Uniprot Name
- Activin receptor type-1B
- Molecular Weight
- 56806.05 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which auto...
- Gene Name
- ACVR1
- Uniprot ID
- Q04771
- Uniprot Name
- Activin receptor type-1
- Molecular Weight
- 57152.41 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
- Gene Name
- ABCB11
- Uniprot ID
- O95342
- Uniprot Name
- Bile salt export pump
- Molecular Weight
- 146405.83 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ASNS
- Uniprot ID
- P08243
- Uniprot Name
- Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]
- Molecular Weight
- 64369.39 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein serine/threonine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts like an antiapoptotic protein that counters TRAIL/TNFSF10-induced apoptosis by inducing phosphorylation of BIRC5 at 'Thr-34'.
- Gene Name
- CDK15
- Uniprot ID
- Q96Q40
- Uniprot Name
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 15
- Molecular Weight
- 49022.64 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Adenine transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the exchange of cytoplasmic ADP with mitochondrial ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
- Gene Name
- SLC25A4
- Uniprot ID
- P12235
- Uniprot Name
- ADP/ATP translocase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 33064.265 Da
References
- Walther T, Tschope C, Sterner-Kock A, Westermann D, Heringer-Walther S, Riad A, Nikolic A, Wang Y, Ebermann L, Siems WE, Bader M, Shakibaei M, Schultheiss HP, Dorner A: Accelerated mitochondrial adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate transport improves hypertension-induced heart disease. Circulation. 2007 Jan 23;115(3):333-44. Epub 2007 Jan 8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Sulfonylurea receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP). Regulator of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and insulin release.
- Gene Name
- ABCC8
- Uniprot ID
- Q09428
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 176990.36 Da
References
- Nakamura A, Kawahito S, Kawano T, Nazari H, Takahashi A, Kitahata H, Nakaya Y, Oshita S: Differential effects of etomidate and midazolam on vascular adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels: isometric tension and patch clamp studies. Anesthesiology. 2007 Mar;106(3):515-22. [Article]
- Bienengraeber M, Warltier DC, Bosnjak ZJ, Stadnicka A: Mechanism of cardiac sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel activation by isoflurane in a heterologous expression system. Anesthesiology. 2006 Sep;105(3):534-40. [Article]
- Bryan J, Munoz A, Zhang X, Dufer M, Drews G, Krippeit-Drews P, Aguilar-Bryan L: ABCC8 and ABCC9: ABC transporters that regulate K+ channels. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Feb;453(5):703-18. Epub 2006 Aug 8. [Article]
- Tanaka K, Kawano T, Nakamura A, Nazari H, Kawahito S, Oshita S, Takahashi A, Nakaya Y: Isoflurane activates sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells: a role for protein kinase A. Anesthesiology. 2007 May;106(5):984-91. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Is indirectly involved in the control of blood pressure.
- Gene Name
- ASS1
- Uniprot ID
- P00966
- Uniprot Name
- Argininosuccinate synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 46530.055 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- ATP-dependent protease which is essential for axonal development.
- Gene Name
- AFG3L2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y4W6
- Uniprot Name
- AFG3-like protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 88583.03 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors.
- Gene Name
- ADRBK2
- Uniprot ID
- P35626
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 79709.085 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type ii
- Specific Function
- On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which auto...
- Gene Name
- AMHR2
- Uniprot ID
- Q16671
- Uniprot Name
- Anti-Muellerian hormone type-2 receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 62749.02 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ww domain binding
- Specific Function
- Non-receptor tyrosine-protein and serine/threonine-protein kinase that is implicated in cell spreading and migration, cell survival, cell growth and proliferation. Transduces extracellular signals ...
- Gene Name
- TNK2
- Uniprot ID
- Q07912
- Uniprot Name
- Activated CDC42 kinase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 114567.605 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Syntaxin binding
- Specific Function
- Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility a...
- Gene Name
- ABL1
- Uniprot ID
- P00519
- Uniprot Name
- Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1
- Molecular Weight
- 122871.435 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. Mediates responses to increased cellular Ca(2+)/calmodulin levels (By similarity). May be involved in regu...
- Gene Name
- ADCY1
- Uniprot ID
- Q08828
- Uniprot Name
- Adenylate cyclase type 1
- Molecular Weight
- 123438.85 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Lage H: MDR1/P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) as target for RNA interference-mediated reversal of multidrug resistance. Curr Drug Targets. 2006 Jul;7(7):813-21. [Article]
- Gardner ER, Burger H, van Schaik RH, van Oosterom AT, de Bruijn EA, Guetens G, Prenen H, de Jong FA, Baker SD, Bates SE, Figg WD, Verweij J, Sparreboom A, Nooter K: Association of enzyme and transporter genotypes with the pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug;80(2):192-201. [Article]
- Blume H, Donath F, Warnke A, Schug BS: Pharmacokinetic drug interaction profiles of proton pump inhibitors. Drug Saf. 2006;29(9):769-84. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200629090-00002. [Article]
- Gervasini G, Carrillo JA, Garcia M, San Jose C, Cabanillas A, Benitez J: Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) (multidrug resistance 1) G2677T/A gene polymorphism is associated with high risk of lung cancer. Cancer. 2006 Dec 15;107(12):2850-7. [Article]
- Fukui N, Suzuki Y, Sawamura K, Sugai T, Watanabe J, Inoue Y, Someya T: Dose-dependent effects of the 3435 C>T genotype of ABCB1 gene on the steady-state plasma concentration of fluvoxamine in psychiatric patients. Ther Drug Monit. 2007 Apr;29(2):185-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Toxin transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Transporter involved in macrophage lipid homeostasis. Is an active component of the macrophage lipid export complex. Could also be involved in intracellular lipid transport processes. The role in c...
- Gene Name
- ABCG1
- Uniprot ID
- P45844
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 75591.275 Da
References
- Lage H: MDR1/P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) as target for RNA interference-mediated reversal of multidrug resistance. Curr Drug Targets. 2006 Jul;7(7):813-21. [Article]
- Materna V, Stege A, Surowiak P, Priebsch A, Lage H: RNA interference-triggered reversal of ABCC2-dependent cisplatin resistance in human cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 15;348(1):153-7. Epub 2006 Jul 14. [Article]
- Thomas AC, Cullup T, Norgett EE, Hill T, Barton S, Dale BA, Sprecher E, Sheridan E, Taylor AE, Wilroy RS, DeLozier C, Burrows N, Goodyear H, Fleckman P, Stephens KG, Mehta L, Watson RM, Graham R, Wolf R, Slavotinek A, Martin M, Bourn D, Mein CA, O'Toole EA, Kelsell DP: ABCA12 is the major harlequin ichthyosis gene. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Nov;126(11):2408-13. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [Article]
- Girardin F: Membrane transporter proteins: a challenge for CNS drug development. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(3):311-21. [Article]
- Pinkett HW, Lee AT, Lum P, Locher KP, Rees DC: An inward-facing conformation of a putative metal-chelate-type ABC transporter. Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):373-7. Epub 2006 Dec 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
- Gene Name
- ABCC2
- Uniprot ID
- Q92887
- Uniprot Name
- Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
- Molecular Weight
- 174205.64 Da
References
- Materna V, Stege A, Surowiak P, Priebsch A, Lage H: RNA interference-triggered reversal of ABCC2-dependent cisplatin resistance in human cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 15;348(1):153-7. Epub 2006 Jul 14. [Article]
- Rau T, Erney B, Gores R, Eschenhagen T, Beck J, Langer T: High-dose methotrexate in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: impact of ABCC2 polymorphisms on plasma concentrations. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Nov;80(5):468-76. [Article]
- Li GX, Pei QL, Gao Y, Liu KM, Nie JS, Han G, Qiu YL, Zhang WP: Protective effects of hepatocellular canalicular conjugate export pump (Mrp2) on sodium arsenite-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2007 Aug;58(6):447-53. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Poly(a) rna binding
- Specific Function
- ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives. Serves as a potential regulator of concentrations of extracellular adenosine and intrac...
- Gene Name
- ADK
- Uniprot ID
- P55263
- Uniprot Name
- Adenosine kinase
- Molecular Weight
- 40545.075 Da
References
- Park J, Gupta RS: Adenosine kinase and ribokinase--the RK family of proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Sep;65(18):2875-96. doi: 10.1007/s00018-008-8123-1. [Article]
- Leoncini R, Vannoni D, Santoro A, Giglioni S, Carli R, Marinello E: Adenosine kinase from rat liver: new biochemical properties. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2006;25(9-11):1107-12. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:31