Identification
- Summary
Tenecteplase is a modified form of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator used in the emergency treatment of myocardial infarction and pulmonary emboli.
- Brand Names
- Metalyse, Tnkase
- Generic Name
- Tenecteplase
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00031
- Background
Tenecteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) developed from modifications of natural human tPA complementary DNA (cDNA). It is a 527 amino acid with a substitution of threonine 103 with asparagine and substitution of asparagine 117 with glutamine within the kringle 1 domain, and a tetra-alanine substitution at amino acids 296-299 in the protease domain.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Thrombolytic agents - Protein Structure
- Protein Chemical Formula
- C2561H3919N747O781S40
- Protein Average Weight
- 58951.2 Da
- Sequences
>DB00031 sequence SYQVICRDEKTQMIYQQHQSWLRPVLRSNRVEYCWCNSGRAQCHSVPVKSCSEPRCFNGG TCQQALYFSDFVCQCPEGFAGKCCEIDTRATCYEDQGISYRGNWSTAESGAECTNWQSSA LAQKPYSGRRPDAIRLGLGNHNYCRNPDRDSKPWCYVFKAGKYSSEFCSTPACSEGNSDC YFGNGSAYRGTHSLTESGASCLPWNSMILIGKVYTAQNPSAQALGLGKHNYCRNPDGDAK PWCHVLKNRRLTWEYCDVPSCSTCGLRQYSQPQFRIKGGLFADIASHPWQAAIFAAAAAS PGERFLCGGILISSCWILSAAHCFQERFPPHHLTVILGRTYRVVPGEEEQKFEVEKYIVH KEFDDDTYDNDIALLQLKSDSSRCAQESSVVRTVCLPPADLQLPDWTECELSGYGKHEAL SPFYSERLKEAHVRLYPSSRCTSQHLLNRTVTDNMLCAGDTRSGGPQANLHDACQGDSGG PLVCLNDGRMTLVGIISWGLGCGQKDVPGVYTKVTNYLDWIRDNMRP
Download FASTA Format- Synonyms
- Tenecteplasa
- Tenecteplase
- TNK-tPA
Pharmacology
- Indication
For treatment of myocardial infarction and lysis of intracoronary emboli
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Prevention of Cardiovascular mortality •••••••••••• •••••••••• ••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Tenecteplase is a fibrin-specific tissue-plasminogen activator. It binds to fibrin rich clots and cleaves the Arg/Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin. Plasmin in turn degrades the fibrin matrix of the thrombus, thereby exerting its thrombolytic action. This helps eliminate blood clots or arterial blockages that cause myocardial infarction.
- Mechanism of action
Tenecteplase binds to fibrin rich clots via the fibronectin finger-like domain and the Kringle 2 domain. The protease domain then cleaves the Arg/Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin. Plasmin in turn degrades the fibrin matrix of the thrombus, thereby exerting its thrombolytic action.
Target Actions Organism APlasminogen activatorHumans AFibrinogen alpha chain Not Available Humans UUrokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor Not Available Humans UPlasminogen activator inhibitor 1 Not Available Humans UPlasminogen activator inhibitor 2 Not Available Humans UTetranectin Not Available Humans UKeratin, type II cytoskeletal 8 Not Available Humans UAnnexin A2 Not Available Humans UCalreticulin Not Available Humans UCalnexin Not Available Humans UProlow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 Not Available Humans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
1.9 hours (mammalian reticulocytes, in vitro) >20 hours (yeast, in vivo) >10 hours (Escherichia coli, in vivo)
- Clearance
- 99 - 119 mL/min [acute myocardial infarction patients]
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
Pathway Category Tenecteplase Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbciximab The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Tenecteplase. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Aceclofenac is combined with Tenecteplase. Acemetacin The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Tenecteplase is combined with Acemetacin. Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Tenecteplase is combined with Acenocoumarol. Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tenecteplase. - Food Interactions
- Avoid herbs and supplements with anticoagulant/antiplatelet activity. Examples include garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam, and ginkgo biloba.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Metalyse Injection, powder, for solution 10000 units Intravenous Boehringer Ingelheim 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU 
Metalyse Injection, powder, for solution 8000 units Intravenous Boehringer Ingelheim 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU TNKase Powder, for solution 50 mg / vial Intravenous Hoffmann La Roche 2001-10-18 Not applicable Canada 
TNKase Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit 52.5 mg/50mg Intravenous Genentech, Inc. 2018-11-07 Not applicable US 
TNKase Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit 52.5 mg/50mg Intravenous Genentech, Inc. 2024-01-05 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image TNKase Tenecteplase (50 mg/10mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) Kit Intravenous; Topical Genentech, Inc. 2000-06-02 2014-06-30 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- B01AD11 — Tenecteplase
- Drug Categories
- Agents causing angioedema
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Anticoagulants
- Biological Factors
- Blood and Blood Forming Organs
- Blood Proteins
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Endopeptidases
- Enzymes
- Enzymes and Coenzymes
- Fibrin Modulating Agents
- Fibrinolytic Agents
- Hematologic Agents
- Hydrolases
- Peptide Hydrolases
- Plasminogen Activators
- Proteins
- Serine Endopeptidases
- Serine Proteases
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- WGD229O42W
- CAS number
- 191588-94-0
References
- General References
- Gurbel PA, Hayes K, Bliden KP, Yoho J, Tantry US: The platelet-related effects of tenecteplase versus alteplase versus reteplase. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2005 Jan;16(1):1-7. [Article]
- Melzer C, Richter C, Rogalla P, Borges AC, Theres H, Baumann G, Laule M: Tenecteplase for the treatment of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2004 Aug;18(1):47-50. [Article]
- Ohman EM, Van de Werf F, Antman EM, Califf RM, de Lemos JA, Gibson CM, Oliverio RL, Harrelson L, McCabe C, DiBattiste P, Braunwald E: Tenecteplase and tirofiban in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized trial. Am Heart J. 2005 Jul;150(1):79-88. [Article]
- De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Chiariello M: Tenecteplase followed by immediate angioplasty is more effective than tenecteplase alone for people with STEMI. Commentary. Evid Based Cardiovasc Med. 2005 Dec;9(4):284-7. Epub 2005 Nov 2. [Article]
- Authors unspecified: Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Feb 18;367(9510):569-78. [Article]
- External Links
- UniProt
- P00750
- Genbank
- L00153
- KEGG Drug
- D06070
- PubChem Substance
- 46508657
- 259280
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL2108791
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000204
- PharmGKB
- PA164776757
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Tenecteplase
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Myocardial Infarction 1 4 Completed Treatment Stroke 1 4 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment Acute Ischemic Stroke 2 4 Recruiting Treatment Ischemic Stroke 1 4 Terminated Treatment Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
- Genentech Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, powder, for solution Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 10000 units Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 8000 units Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Parenteral 10000 U/10ML Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Parenteral 6000 U/6ML Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Parenteral 8000 U/8ML Powder Intravenous 10000 U/10ML Powder Intravenous 6000 U/6ML Powder Intravenous 8000 U/8ML Solution Intravenous 30.000 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous bolus 50 mg Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 30 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Parenteral 40 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 10000 u Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 50 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous Powder Intravenous Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kit Intravenous 52.5 mg/50mg Kit Intravenous; Topical Powder, for solution Intravenous 50 mg / vial Powder Intravenous 40 mg/1vial - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Tnkase 50 mg kit 3238.76USD kit DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region CA2129660 No 2005-06-28 2013-05-28 Canada CA1341432 No 2003-06-17 2020-06-17 Canada
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 60 °C Novokhatny, V.V. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266:12994-123002 (1991) hydrophobicity -0.528 Not Available isoelectric point 7.61 Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Serine-type peptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In...
- Gene Name
- PLG
- Uniprot ID
- P00747
- Uniprot Name
- Plasminogen
- Molecular Weight
- 90568.415 Da
References
- Longstaff C, Williams S, Thelwell C: Fibrin binding and the regulation of plasminogen activators during thrombolytic therapy. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2008 Jul;6(3):212-23. [Article]
- Melandri G, Vagnarelli F, Calabrese D, Semprini F, Nanni S, Branzi A: Review of tenecteplase (TNKase) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):249-56. Epub 2009 Apr 8. [Article]
- Hilleman DE, Tsikouris JP, Seals AA, Marmur JD: Fibrinolytic agents for the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Nov;27(11):1558-70. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- General Function
- Structural molecule activity
- Specific Function
- Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function ...
- Gene Name
- FGA
- Uniprot ID
- P02671
- Uniprot Name
- Fibrinogen alpha chain
- Molecular Weight
- 94972.455 Da
References
- Melandri G, Vagnarelli F, Calabrese D, Semprini F, Nanni S, Branzi A: Review of tenecteplase (TNKase) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):249-56. Epub 2009 Apr 8. [Article]
- Longstaff C, Williams S, Thelwell C: Fibrin binding and the regulation of plasminogen activators during thrombolytic therapy. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2008 Jul;6(3):212-23. [Article]
- Hilleman DE, Tsikouris JP, Seals AA, Marmur JD: Fibrinolytic agents for the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Nov;27(11):1558-70. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Acts as a receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator. Plays a role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation. Mediates the proteolysis-independent signal transduction activation effects of U-...
- Gene Name
- PLAUR
- Uniprot ID
- Q03405
- Uniprot Name
- Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 36977.62 Da
References
- Maupas-Schwalm F, Auge N, Robinet C, Cambus JP, Parsons SJ, Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A: The sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway is involved in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and uPAR overexpression induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator. FASEB J. 2004 Sep;18(12):1398-400. Epub 2004 Jul 1. [Article]
- Bankl HC, Samorapoompichit P, Pikula B, Latinovic L, Bankl H, Lechner K, Valent P: Characterization of human prostate mast cells and their increase in periprostatic vein thrombosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2001 Jul;116(1):97-106. [Article]
- Ferrier CM, Van Geloof WL, Straatman H, Van De Molengraft FJ, Van Muijen GN, Ruiter DJ: Spitz naevi may express components of the plasminogen activation system. J Pathol. 2002 Sep;198(1):92-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Serine protease inhibitor. This inhibitor acts as 'bait' for tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, protein C and matriptase-3/TMPRSS7. Its rapid interaction with PLAT may function as a major con...
- Gene Name
- SERPINE1
- Uniprot ID
- P05121
- Uniprot Name
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 45059.695 Da
References
- Lindberg P, Kinnby B, Lecander I, Lang NP, Matsson L: Increasing expression of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 in dog gingival tissues with progressive inflammation. Arch Oral Biol. 2001 Jan;46(1):23-31. [Article]
- Hattori M, Azami Y: Searching for preventive measures of cardiovascular events in aged Japanese taxi drivers--the daily rhythm of cardiovascular risk factors during a night duty day. J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 2001 Dec;30(1-2):321-6. [Article]
- Hilleman DE, Tsikouris JP, Seals AA, Marmur JD: Fibrinolytic agents for the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Nov;27(11):1558-70. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Specific Function
- Inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator. The monocyte derived PAI-2 is distinct from the endothelial cell-derived PAI-1.
- Gene Name
- SERPINB2
- Uniprot ID
- P05120
- Uniprot Name
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 46595.84 Da
References
- Verkleij-Hagoort AC, Ursem NT, Hop WC, Geurts-Moespot A, Steegers EA, Sweep FC, Steegers-Theunissen RP: Complex congenital malformations and the impact of the plasminogen activator system and beta-hCG in amniotic fluid. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007 Nov;135(1):47-52. Epub 2006 Dec 1. [Article]
- Bremer HA, Brommer EJ, Wallenburg HC: Effects of labor and delivery on fibrinolysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1994 Jun 30;55(3):163-8. [Article]
- Stump DC, Thienpont M, Collen D: Purification and characterization of a novel inhibitor of urokinase from human urine. Quantitation and preliminary characterization in plasma. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 25;261(27):12759-66. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Kringle domain binding
- Specific Function
- Tetranectin binds to plasminogen and to isolated kringle 4. May be involved in the packaging of molecules destined for exocytosis.
- Gene Name
- CLEC3B
- Uniprot ID
- P05452
- Uniprot Name
- Tetranectin
- Molecular Weight
- 22536.665 Da
References
- Westergaard UB, Andersen MH, Heegaard CW, Fedosov SN, Petersen TE: Tetranectin binds hepatocyte growth factor and tissue-type plasminogen activator. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Apr;270(8):1850-4. [Article]
- Kamper EF, Kopeikina LT, Koutsoukos V, Stavridis J: Plasma tetranectin levels and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1997 Feb;24(2):262-8. [Article]
- Vuckovic B, Deric M: [Lipoprotein(a): a link between thrombogenesis and atherogenesis]. Med Pregl. 2007 Jan-Feb;60(1-2):37-41. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Structural molecule activity
- Specific Function
- Together with KRT19, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle.
- Gene Name
- KRT8
- Uniprot ID
- P05787
- Uniprot Name
- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8
- Molecular Weight
- 53703.76 Da
References
- Kralovich KR, Li L, Hembrough TA, Webb DJ, Karns LR, Gonias SL: Characterization of the binding sites for plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator in cytokeratin 8 and cytokeratin 18. J Protein Chem. 1998 Nov;17(8):845-54. [Article]
- Hembrough TA, Kralovich KR, Li L, Gonias SL: Cytokeratin 8 released by breast carcinoma cells in vitro binds plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator and promotes plasminogen activation. Biochem J. 1996 Aug 1;317 ( Pt 3):763-9. [Article]
- Hembrough TA, Li L, Gonias SL: Cell-surface cytokeratin 8 is the major plasminogen receptor on breast cancer cells and is required for the accelerated activation of cell-associated plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 11;271(41):25684-91. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- S100 protein binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-regulated membrane-binding protein whose affinity for calcium is greatly enhanced by anionic phospholipids. It binds two calcium ions with high affinity. May be involved in heat-stress resp...
- Gene Name
- ANXA2
- Uniprot ID
- P07355
- Uniprot Name
- Annexin A2
- Molecular Weight
- 38603.63 Da
References
- Diaz VM, Hurtado M, Thomson TM, Reventos J, Paciucci R: Specific interaction of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) with annexin II on the membrane of pancreatic cancer cells activates plasminogen and promotes invasion in vitro. Gut. 2004 Jul;53(7):993-1000. [Article]
- Kang HM, Choi KS, Kassam G, Fitzpatrick SL, Kwon M, Waisman DM: Role of annexin II tetramer in plasminogen activation. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 1999 Apr-May;9(3-4):92-102. [Article]
- MacLeod TJ, Kwon M, Filipenko NR, Waisman DM: Phospholipid-associated annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer and its subunits: characterization of the interaction with tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen, and plasmin. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 11;278(28):25577-84. Epub 2003 Apr 30. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-binding chaperone that promotes folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin interacts transiently wit...
- Gene Name
- CALR
- Uniprot ID
- P27797
- Uniprot Name
- Calreticulin
- Molecular Weight
- 48141.2 Da
References
- Allen S, Bulleid NJ: Calnexin and calreticulin bind to enzymically active tissue-type plasminogen activator during biosynthesis and are not required for folding to the native conformation. Biochem J. 1997 Nov 15;328 ( Pt 1):113-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Poly(a) rna binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-binding protein that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. It may act in assisting protein assembly and/or in the retention within the ER of unassembl...
- Gene Name
- CANX
- Uniprot ID
- P27824
- Uniprot Name
- Calnexin
- Molecular Weight
- 67567.695 Da
References
- Allen S, Bulleid NJ: Calnexin and calreticulin bind to enzymically active tissue-type plasminogen activator during biosynthesis and are not required for folding to the native conformation. Biochem J. 1997 Nov 15;328 ( Pt 1):113-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Required for early embryonic development. Involved in cellular lipid homeostasis. Involved in the plasma clearance...
- Gene Name
- LRP1
- Uniprot ID
- Q07954
- Uniprot Name
- Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 504601.695 Da
References
- Moestrup SK, Nielsen S, Andreasen P, Jorgensen KE, Nykjaer A, Roigaard H, Gliemann J, Christensen EI: Epithelial glycoprotein-330 mediates endocytosis of plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 complexes. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 5;268(22):16564-70. [Article]
- Nykjaer A, Petersen CM, Moller B, Jensen PH, Moestrup SK, Holtet TL, Etzerodt M, Thogersen HC, Munch M, Andreasen PA, et al.: Purified alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/LDL receptor-related protein binds urokinase.plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 complex. Evidence that the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor mediates cellular degradation of urokinase receptor-bound complexes. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 25;267(21):14543-6. [Article]
- Hu K, Yang J, Tanaka S, Gonias SL, Mars WM, Liu Y: Tissue-type plasminogen activator acts as a cytokine that triggers intracellular signal transduction and induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 27;281(4):2120-7. Epub 2005 Nov 22. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:54