Potassium cation

Identification

Generic Name
Potassium cation
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01345
Background

Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 39.0983
Monoisotopic: 38.963706861
Chemical Formula
K
Synonyms
  • Potassium (ion)
  • Potassium ion
  • potassium(1+)
  • potassium(1+) ion
  • potassium(I) cation

Pharmacology

Indication

Potassium is used to regulate hypokalemia as a primary condition or secondary to other medical conditions.

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Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.

TargetActionsOrganism
USodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1Not AvailableHumans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Mostly urine but also skin and feces.

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
PathwayCategory
GlycolysisMetabolic
Methyclothiazide Action PathwayDrug action
Hydrochlorothiazide Action PathwayDrug action
Metolazone Action PathwayDrug action
Furosemide Action PathwayDrug action
Torsemide Action PathwayDrug action
Triamterene Action PathwayDrug action
Adenylosuccinate Lyase DeficiencyDisease
Hartnup DisorderDisease
Lysinuric Protein IntoleranceDisease
S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) Hydrolase DeficiencyDisease
Xanthine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Xanthinuria)Disease
Glycine N-Methyltransferase DeficiencyDisease
Esomeprazole Action PathwayDrug action
Omeprazole Action PathwayDrug action
Lansoprazole Action PathwayDrug action
Pantoprazole Action PathwayDrug action
Rabeprazole Action PathwayDrug action
Ranitidine Action PathwayDrug action
Famotidine Action PathwayDrug action
Glucose Transporter Defect (SGLT2)Disease
Pirenzepine Action PathwayDrug action
Alprenolol Action PathwayDrug action
Procainamide (Antiarrhythmic) Action PathwayDrug action
Lidocaine (Antiarrhythmic) Action PathwayDrug action
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD)Disease
HypermethioninemiaDisease
Nimodipine Action PathwayDrug action
Nisoldipine Action PathwayDrug action
Benzocaine Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirPotassium cation may increase the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.
AcebutololPotassium cation may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol.
AceclofenacPotassium cation may increase the excretion rate of Aceclofenac which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.
AcemetacinThe therapeutic efficacy of Potassium cation can be decreased when used in combination with Acemetacin.
AcetaminophenPotassium cation may increase the excretion rate of Acetaminophen which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AMINOMIXPotassium cation (30 mmol/l) + Acetic acid (4.5 g/1000ml) + Alanine (7 g/1000ml) + Arginine (6 g/1000ml) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.294 g/100ml) + Dextrose, unspecified form (120 g/100ml) + Glycine (5.5 g/1000ml) + Histidine (1.5 g/1000ml) + Hydrochloric acid (1.47 ml) + Isoleucine (2.5 g/1000ml) + Leucine (3.7 g/1000ml) + Lysine (3.3 g/1000ml) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.61 g/100ml) + Methionine (2.15 g/1000ml) + Phenylalanine (2.55 g/1000ml) + Potassium hydroxide (1.981 g/100ml) + Proline (5.6 g/1000ml) + Serine (3.25 g/1000ml) + Sodium cation (50 mmol/l) + Sodium chloride (1.169 g/100ml) + Sodium glycerophosphate hydrate (4.59 g/1000ml) + Taurine (0.5 g/1000ml) + Threonine (2.2 g/1000ml) + Tryptophan (1 g/1000ml) + Tyrosine (0.2 g/1000ml) + Valine (3.1 g/1000ml) + Zinc chloride (0.00545 g/100ml)Injection, solutionIntravenousFresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L.2014-07-08Not applicableItaly flag
AMINOMIXPotassium cation (30 mmol/l) + Acetic acid (4.5 g/1000ml) + Alanine (7 g/1000ml) + Arginine (6 g/1000ml) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.294 g/100ml) + Dextrose, unspecified form (120 g/100ml) + Glycine (5.5 g/1000ml) + Histidine (1.5 g/1000ml) + Hydrochloric acid (1.47 ml) + Isoleucine (2.5 g/1000ml) + Leucine (3.7 g/1000ml) + Lysine (3.3 g/1000ml) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.61 g/100ml) + Methionine (2.15 g/1000ml) + Phenylalanine (2.55 g/1000ml) + Potassium hydroxide (1.981 g/100ml) + Proline (5.6 g/1000ml) + Serine (3.25 g/1000ml) + Sodium cation (50 mmol/l) + Sodium chloride (1.169 g/100ml) + Sodium glycerophosphate hydrate (4.59 g/1000ml) + Taurine (0.5 g/1000ml) + Threonine (2.2 g/1000ml) + Tryptophan (1 g/1000ml) + Tyrosine (0.2 g/1000ml) + Valine (3.1 g/1000ml) + Zinc chloride (0.00545 g/100ml)Injection, solutionIntravenousFresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L.2014-07-08Not applicableItaly flag
AMINOMIXPotassium cation (30 mmol/l) + Acetic acid (4.5 g/1000ml) + Alanine (7 g/1000ml) + Arginine (6 g/1000ml) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.294 g/100ml) + Dextrose, unspecified form (200 g/100ml) + Glycine (5.5 g/1000ml) + Histidine (1.5 g/1000ml) + Hydrochloric acid (1.47 ml) + Isoleucine (2.5 g/1000ml) + Leucine (3.7 g/1000ml) + Lysine (3.3 g/1000ml) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.61 g/100ml) + Methionine (2.15 g/1000ml) + Phenylalanine (2.55 g/1000ml) + Potassium hydroxide (1.981 g/100ml) + Proline (5.6 g/1000ml) + Serine (3.25 g/1000ml) + Sodium cation (50 mmol/l) + Sodium chloride (1.169 g/100ml) + Sodium glycerophosphate hydrate (4.59 g/1000ml) + Taurine (0.5 g/1000ml) + Threonine (2.2 g/1000ml) + Tryptophan (1 g/1000ml) + Tyrosine (0.2 g/1000ml) + Valine (3.1 g/1000ml) + Zinc chloride (0.00545 g/100ml)Injection, solutionIntravenousFresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L.2014-07-08Not applicableItaly flag
AMINOMIXPotassium cation (30 mmol/l) + Acetic acid (4.5 g/1000ml) + Alanine (7 g/1000ml) + Arginine (6 g/1000ml) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.294 g/100ml) + Dextrose, unspecified form (120 g/100ml) + Glycine (5.5 g/1000ml) + Histidine (1.5 g/1000ml) + Hydrochloric acid (1.47 ml) + Isoleucine (2.5 g/1000ml) + Leucine (3.7 g/1000ml) + Lysine (3.3 g/1000ml) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.61 g/100ml) + Methionine (2.15 g/1000ml) + Phenylalanine (2.55 g/1000ml) + Potassium hydroxide (1.981 g/100ml) + Proline (5.6 g/1000ml) + Serine (3.25 g/1000ml) + Sodium cation (50 mmol/l) + Sodium chloride (1.169 g/100ml) + Sodium glycerophosphate hydrate (4.59 g/1000ml) + Taurine (0.5 g/1000ml) + Threonine (2.2 g/1000ml) + Tryptophan (1 g/1000ml) + Tyrosine (0.2 g/1000ml) + Valine (3.1 g/1000ml) + Zinc chloride (0.00545 g/100ml)Injection, solutionIntravenousFresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L.2014-07-08Not applicableItaly flag
AMINOMIXPotassium cation (30 mmol/l) + Acetic acid (4.5 g/1000ml) + Alanine (7 g/1000ml) + Arginine (6 g/1000ml) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.294 g/100ml) + Dextrose, unspecified form (120 g/100ml) + Glycine (5.5 g/1000ml) + Histidine (1.5 g/1000ml) + Hydrochloric acid (1.47 ml) + Isoleucine (2.5 g/1000ml) + Leucine (3.7 g/1000ml) + Lysine (3.3 g/1000ml) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.61 g/100ml) + Methionine (2.15 g/1000ml) + Phenylalanine (2.55 g/1000ml) + Potassium hydroxide (1.981 g/100ml) + Proline (5.6 g/1000ml) + Serine (3.25 g/1000ml) + Sodium cation (50 mmol/l) + Sodium chloride (1.169 g/100ml) + Sodium glycerophosphate hydrate (4.59 g/1000ml) + Taurine (0.5 g/1000ml) + Threonine (2.2 g/1000ml) + Tryptophan (1 g/1000ml) + Tyrosine (0.2 g/1000ml) + Valine (3.1 g/1000ml) + Zinc chloride (0.00545 g/100ml)Injection, solutionIntravenousFresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L.2014-07-08Not applicableItaly flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
RurinaPotassium cation (0.25 g/1L) + Chloride ion (0.11 g/1L) + Sulfate ion (3.6 g/1L)LiquidTopicalTELOM-X GENE Co., Ltd.2017-07-01Not applicableUS flag
RurinaPotassium cation (0.25 g/1L) + Chloride ion (0.11 g/1L) + Sulfate ion (3.6 g/1L)LiquidTopicalNano Bio Tech Co.,Ltd2017-07-01Not applicableUS flag
Telom-X-genePotassium cation (0.25 g/1L) + Chloride ion (0.11 g/1L) + Sulfate ion (3.6 g/1L)LiquidTopicalTELOM-X GENE Co., Ltd.2017-07-01Not applicableUS flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
295O53K152
CAS number
24203-36-9
InChI Key
NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/K/q+1
IUPAC Name
potassium(1+) ion
SMILES
[K+]

References

Synthesis Reference

John B. Sardisco, "Production of potassium sulfate and hydrogen chloride." U.S. Patent US4045543, issued 1865.

US4045543
General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0000586
KEGG Drug
D08403
KEGG Compound
C00238
PubChem Compound
5462222
PubChem Substance
46506517
ChemSpider
791
RxNav
1318915
ChEBI
29103
PharmGKB
PA451047
PDBe Ligand
K
Wikipedia
Potassium
PDB Entries
1a3w / 1a3x / 1a49 / 1a5a / 1a5b / 1a9x / 1ad1 / 1ad4 / 1akd / 1aop
show 4025 more
FDA label
Download (632 KB)
MSDS
Download (139 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • American Regent
  • Hospira Inc.
  • Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, solutionIntravenous
SolutionIntravenous
LiquidTopical
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US6946149No2005-09-202023-03-07US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)1067 °C (potassium sulfate)MSDS
boiling point (°C)1689 °C (potassium sulfate)MSDS
water solubility110 g/l (20°C) (potassium sulfate)MSDS
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.2Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.09Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area0 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity0 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability1.78 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-107.2122
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+108.93591
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+115.6797
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid hormone binding
Specific Function
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates th...
Gene Name
ATP1A1
Uniprot ID
P05023
Uniprot Name
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
Molecular Weight
112895.01 Da
References
  1. Silva E, Gomes P, Soares-da-Silva P: Overexpression of Na(+)/K (+)-ATPase parallels the increase in sodium transport and potassium recycling in an in vitro model of proximal tubule cellular ageing. J Membr Biol. 2006;212(3):163-75. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [Article]
  2. Li C, Geering K, Horisberger JD: The third sodium binding site of Na,K-ATPase is functionally linked to acidic pH-activated inward current. J Membr Biol. 2006;213(1):1-9. Epub 2007 Mar 8. [Article]
  3. Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Karthick M: Preventive effect of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, and ATPases in normal and isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2007;21(1):1-6. [Article]
  4. Simon WA, Herrmann M, Klein T, Shin JM, Huber R, Senn-Bilfinger J, Postius S: Soraprazan: setting new standards in inhibition of gastric acid secretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jun;321(3):866-74. Epub 2007 Mar 16. [Article]
  5. Iannello S, Milazzo P, Belfiore F: Animal and human tissue Na,K-ATPase in normal and insulin-resistant states: regulation, behaviour and interpretative hypothesis on NEFA effects. Obes Rev. 2007 May;8(3):231-51. [Article]

Drug created at June 30, 2007 18:13 / Updated at February 20, 2024 23:55