Identification
- Summary
NADH is a nutrient used in some supplement products.
- Brand Names
- EnBrace HR, EnLyte
- Generic Name
- NADH
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00157
- Background
NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage. (Dorland, 27th ed)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Nutraceutical
- Structure
Structure for NADH (DB00157)
- Weight
- Average: 665.441
Monoisotopic: 665.124771695 - Chemical Formula
- C21H29N7O14P2
- Synonyms
- 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- DPNH
- NAD reduced form
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)
- Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, reduced
- Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
- Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide
Pharmacology
- Indication
Some evidence suggests that NADH might be useful in treating Parkinson's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Macrocytic anemia •••••••••••• •••••••• ••••• Prevention of Vitamin b12 deficiency •••••••••••• •••••••• ••••• Prevention of Vitamin b12 deficiency •••••••••••• •••••••• ••••••• ••••••• ••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). The action of supplemental NADH is unclear. Oral NADH supplementation has been used to combat simple fatigue as well as such mysterious and energy-sapping disorders as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Researchers are also studying the value of NADH supplements for improving mental function in people with Alzheimer's disease, and minimizing physical disability and relieving depression in people with Parkinson's disease. Some healthy individuals also take NADH supplements orally to improve concentration and memory capacity, as well as to increase athletic endurance. However, to date there have been no published studies to indicate that using NADH is in any way effective or safe for these purposes.
- Mechanism of action
NADH is synthesized by the body and thus is not an essential nutrient. It does require the essential nutrient nicotinamide for its synthesis, and its role in energy production is certainly an essential one. In addition to its role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADH is produced in the cytosol. The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH, and this permeability barrier effectively separates the cytoplasmic from the mitochondrial NADH pools. However, cytoplasmic NADH can be used for biologic energy production. This occurs when the malate-aspartate shuttle introduces reducing equivalents from NADH in the cytosol to the electron transport chain of the mitochondria. This shuttle mainly occurs in the liver and heart.
- Absorption
Unclear how much of an administered dose is absorbed.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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No reports of overdose, however, high doses of NADH (10 mg a day or more) may cause jitteriness, anxiety, and insomnia.
- Pathways
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image HEPASELAMİN AMİNOASİT IV İNFÜZYON ÇÖZELTİSİ 500 ML SETLİ ŞİŞE NADH (0.45 %) + Ademetionine (0.24 %) + Adenine (0.8 %) + Ascorbic acid (0.6 %) + Aspartame (0.9 %) + Biotin (0.1 %) + Calcifediol (0.9 %) + Cysteine (0.066 %) + Lysine (0.61 %) + Methionine (0.5 %) + Phosphoric acid (0.115 %) + Thiamine (0.02 %) + Tryptophan (1.1 %) + Tyrosine (0.1 %) + Valine (0.77 %) + Vitamin A (0.84 %) Solution Intravenous OSEL İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2003-12-31 Not applicable Turkey 
HEPASELAMİN AMİNOASİT IV İNFÜZYON ÇÖZELTİSİ 500 ML SETSİZ ŞİŞE NADH (0.45 %) + Ademetionine (0.24 %) + Adenine (0.8 %) + Ascorbic acid (0.6 %) + Aspartame (0.9 %) + Biotin (0.1 %) + Calcifediol (0.9 %) + Cysteine (0.066 %) + Lysine (0.61 %) + Methionine (0.5 %) + Phosphoric acid (0.115 %) + Thiamine (0.02 %) + Tryptophan (1.1 %) + Tyrosine (0.1 %) + Valine (0.77 %) + Vitamin A (0.84 %) Solution Intravenous OSEL İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2003-12-31 Not applicable Turkey HEPATAMINE %8 500 ML(SETLI) NADH (0.45 %) + Ademetionine (0.24 %) + Adenine (0.8 %) + Ascorbic acid (0.6 %) + Aspartame (0.9 %) + Biotin (0.1 %) + Calcifediol (0.9 %) + Cysteine (0.066 %) + Lysine (0.61 %) + Methionine (0.5 %) + Phosphoric acid (0.115 %) + Sodium bisulfite (0.01 %) + Thiamine (0.02 %) + Tryptophan (1.1 %) + Tyrosine (0.1 %) + Valine (0.77 %) + Vitamin A (0.84 %) Solution Intravenous ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 1990-01-16 2024-01-23 Turkey HEPATAMINE %8 500 ML(SETSIZ) NADH (0.45 %) + Ademetionine (0.24 %) + Adenine (0.8 %) + Ascorbic acid (0.6 %) + Aspartame (0.9 %) + Biotin (0.1 %) + Calcifediol (0.9 %) + Cysteine (0.066 %) + Lysine (0.61 %) + Methionine (0.5 %) + Phosphoric acid (0.115 %) + Sodium bisulfite (0.01 %) + Thiamine (0.02 %) + Tryptophan (1.1 %) + Tyrosine (0.1 %) + Valine (0.77 %) + Vitamin A (0.84 %) Solution Intravenous ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 1990-01-16 2024-01-23 Turkey PramLyte NADH (25 ug/1) + 1,2-docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine calcium (6.4 mg/1) + 1,2-icosapentoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine calcium (800 ug/1) + Betaine (500 ug/1) + Citric acid monohydrate (1.83 mg/1) + Cobamamide (50 ug/1) + Cocarboxylase (25 ug/1) + Escitalopram oxalate (10 mg/1) + Ferrous cysteine glycinate (13.6 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (25 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Leucovorin (2.5 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (7 mg/1) + Magnesium ascorbate (24 mg/1) + Phosphatidyl serine (12 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (25 ug/1) + Sodium citrate (3.67 mg/1) + Zinc ascorbate (1 mg/1) Kit Oral Allegis Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2015-09-11 2016-01-04 US 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BumP DHA NADH (25 ug/1) + Cobamamide (500 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (1 mg/1) + Flavin mononucleotide (2 mg/1) + Iron (15 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (125 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (250 ug/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Zinc glycinate (15 1/1) Capsule Oral Centurion Labs 2017-03-24 2017-04-17 US EnBrace HR NADH (25 ug/1) + 1,2-docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine calcium (6.4 mg/1) + 1,2-icosapentoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine calcium (800 ug/1) + Betaine (500 ug/1) + Cobamamide (50 ug/1) + Cocarboxylase (25 ug/1) + Ferrous cysteine glycinate (13.6 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (25 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium L-threonate (1 mg/1) + Leucovorin (2.5 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (5.23 mg/1) + Magnesium ascorbate (24 mg/1) + Phosphatidyl serine (12 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (25 ug/1) + Zinc ascorbate (1 mg/1) Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral Jaymac Pharma 2011-08-12 Not applicable US Lexazin NADH (5 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (500 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Thiamine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Coenzyme q10, (2z)- (50 mg/1) Capsule Oral Sterling Knight Pharmaceuticals LLC 2018-01-02 2018-10-01 US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as (5'->5')-dinucleotides. These are dinucleotides where the two bases are connected via a (5'->5')-phosphodiester linkage.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
- Class
- (5'->5')-dinucleotides
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- (5'->5')-dinucleotides
- Alternative Parents
- Purine nucleotide sugars / Purine ribonucleoside diphosphates / Purine ribonucleoside monophosphates / Nicotinamide nucleotides / Pentose phosphates / Glycosylamines / 6-aminopurines / Monosaccharide phosphates / N-substituted nicotinamides / Organic pyrophosphates show 19 more
- Substituents
- (5'->5')-dinucleotide / 6-aminopurine / Alcohol / Alkyl phosphate / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aminopyrimidine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole show 42 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- NAD, NAD(P)H (CHEBI:16908)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 4J24DQ0916
- CAS number
- 58-68-4
- InChI Key
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C21H29N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1,3-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,2,5-6H2,(H2,23,33)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)(H2,22,24,25)/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- [({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy})phosphinic acid
- SMILES
- NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@](O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Youichi Niimura, Michio Kozaki, Hisashi Yamagata, Miki Ikuta, Yasurou Kurusu, Hideaki Yukawa, Makiko Kukushima, Masato Terasausa, "Process for producing NADH oxidase." U.S. Patent US5416012, issued February, 1984.
US5416012- General References
- Belenky P, Bogan KL, Brenner C: NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends Biochem Sci. 2007 Jan;32(1):12-9. Epub 2006 Dec 11. [Article]
- Pollak N, Dolle C, Ziegler M: The power to reduce: pyridine nucleotides--small molecules with a multitude of functions. Biochem J. 2007 Mar 1;402(2):205-18. [Article]
- Khan JA, Forouhar F, Tao X, Tong L: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism as an attractive target for drug discovery. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007 May;11(5):695-705. [Article]
- Lin SJ, Guarente L: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of transcription, longevity and disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003 Apr;15(2):241-6. [Article]
- Biellmann JF, Lapinte C, Haid E, Weimann G: Structure of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor generated from coenzyme. Biochemistry. 1979 Apr 3;18(7):1212-7. [Article]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0001487
- KEGG Compound
- C00004
- PubChem Compound
- 439153
- PubChem Substance
- 46504879
- ChemSpider
- 388299
- 7222
- ChEBI
- 16908
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1234616
- ZINC
- ZINC000008215403
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001291
- PharmGKB
- PA164755085
- PDBe Ligand
- NAI
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide
- PDB Entries
- 1ahi / 1arz / 1c1d / 1dlj / 1e3e / 1e3i / 1ek6 / 1f17 / 1fmc / 1giq … show 391 more
- MSDS
- Download (136 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Withdrawn Treatment Menstrual Related Mood Disorder / Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) / Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) / Premenstrual tension with edema 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral Solution Intravenous Kit Oral Tablet Oral - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Nicotinamide adenine powder 154.53USD g DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 140.0-142.0 °C Not Available logP -5.1 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 2.95 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -1.4 ALOGPS logP -6 Chemaxon logS -2.4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) -7.5 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 4.93 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 16 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 8 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 317.62 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 11 Chemaxon Refractivity 143 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 59.53 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 5 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.6017 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.5641 Caco-2 permeable - 0.7045 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.601 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.7066 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.912 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9361 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8412 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8303 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.5242 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7565 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.849 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8849 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8294 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8753 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8373 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8146 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9227 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9883 Rat acute toxicity 2.8642 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9379 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.5992
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 273.2848527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 271.9955527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 274.6383527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 209.5491 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 274.6828527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 273.8931527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 275.9093527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 211.374 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 274.0187527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 274.0605527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 274.8503527 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 217.1927 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Udp-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans; hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate.
- Gene Name
- UGDH
- Uniprot ID
- O60701
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 55023.545 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Castellani AA, De Luca G, Rindi S, Salvini R, Tira ME: Regulatory mechanisms of UDP-glucuronic acid biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Ital J Biochem. 1986 Sep-Oct;35(5):296-303. [Article]
- Alary J, Cravedi JP, Baradat M, Carrera G: Mechanism of cadmium-decreased glucuronidation in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Dec 1;44(11):2139-47. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ADH1A
- Uniprot ID
- P07327
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A
- Molecular Weight
- 39858.37 Da
References
- Bieganowski P, Seidle HF, Wojcik M, Brenner C: Synthetic lethal and biochemical analyses of NAD and NADH kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae establish separation of cellular functions. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 11;281(32):22439-45. Epub 2006 Jun 7. [Article]
- Manriquez D, El-Sharkawy I, Flores FB, El-Yahyaoui F, Regad F, Bouzayen M, Latche A, Pech JC: Two highly divergent alcohol dehydrogenases of melon exhibit fruit ripening-specific expression and distinct biochemical characteristics. Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Jul;61(4-5):675-85. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Converts sorbitol to fructose. Part of the polyol pathway that plays an important role in sperm physiology. May play a role in the sperm motility by providing an energetic source for sperm.
- Gene Name
- SORD
- Uniprot ID
- Q00796
- Uniprot Name
- Sorbitol dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 38324.25 Da
References
- Ido Y: Pyridine nucleotide redox abnormalities in diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007 Jul;9(7):931-42. [Article]
- Klimacek M, Hellmer H, Nidetzky B: Catalytic mechanism of Zn2+-dependent polyol dehydrogenases: kinetic comparison of sheep liver sorbitol dehydrogenase with wild-type and Glu154-->Cys forms of yeast xylitol dehydrogenase. Biochem J. 2007 Jun 15;404(3):421-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ADH4
- Uniprot ID
- P08319
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 4
- Molecular Weight
- 40221.335 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Thielen J, Ciriacy M: Biochemical basis of mitochondrial acetaldehyde dismutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1991 Nov;173(21):7012-7. [Article]
- Plapp BV, Mitchell JL, Berst KB: Mouse alcohol dehydrogenase 4: kinetic mechanism, substrate specificity and simulation of effects of ethanol on retinoid metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. 2001 Jan 30;130-132(1-3):445-56. [Article]
- Widenius TV: Ethanol-induced inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis in vitro: lack of acetaldehyde effect. Alcohol Alcohol. 1987;22(1):17-22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ADH1C
- Uniprot ID
- P00326
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C
- Molecular Weight
- 39867.27 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Plapp BV, Berst KB: Specificity of human alcohol dehydrogenase 1C*2 (gamma2gamma2) for steroids and simulation of the uncompetitive inhibition of ethanol metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. 2003 Feb 1;143-144:183-93. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ADH1B
- Uniprot ID
- P00325
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B
- Molecular Weight
- 39854.21 Da
References
- Manriquez D, El-Sharkawy I, Flores FB, El-Yahyaoui F, Regad F, Bouzayen M, Latche A, Pech JC: Two highly divergent alcohol dehydrogenases of melon exhibit fruit ripening-specific expression and distinct biochemical characteristics. Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Jul;61(4-5):675-85. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Could function in retinol oxidation for the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. Medium-chain (octanol) and aromatic (m-nitrobenzaldehyde) compounds are the...
- Gene Name
- ADH7
- Uniprot ID
- P40394
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain
- Molecular Weight
- 41480.985 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Dalfo D, Marques N, Albalat R: Analysis of the NADH-dependent retinaldehyde reductase activity of amphioxus retinol dehydrogenase enzymes enhances our understanding of the evolution of the retinol dehydrogenase family. FEBS J. 2007 Jul;274(14):3739-52. Epub 2007 Jul 2. [Article]
- Suzuki Y, Ishiguro S, Tamai M: Identification and immunohistochemistry of retinol dehydrogenase from bovine retinal pigment epithelium. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 May 13;1163(2):201-8. [Article]
- Kim DS, Lee CB, Park YS, Ahn YH, Kim TW, Kee CS, Kang JS, Om AS: Effect of thyroid hormone on the alcohol dehydrogenase activities in rat tissues. J Korean Med Sci. 2001 Jun;16(3):313-6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- GPD1
- Uniprot ID
- P21695
- Uniprot Name
- Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], cytoplasmic
- Molecular Weight
- 37567.4 Da
References
- Fonvielle M, Therisod H, Hemery M, Therisod M: New competitive inhibitors of cytosolic (NADH-dependent) rabbit muscle glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Jan 15;17(2):410-3. Epub 2006 Oct 17. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Displays an lactate dehydrogenase activity. Significantly increases the transcriptional activity of JUN, when overexpressed.
- Gene Name
- LDHAL6A
- Uniprot ID
- Q6ZMR3
- Uniprot Name
- L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A
- Molecular Weight
- 36507.015 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol, but it readily catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione.
- Gene Name
- ADH5
- Uniprot ID
- P11766
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3
- Molecular Weight
- 39723.945 Da
References
- Schirwitz K, Schmidt A, Lamzin VS: High-resolution structures of formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii. Protein Sci. 2007 Jun;16(6):1146-56. [Article]
- Baumchen C, Roth AH, Biedendieck R, Malten M, Follmann M, Sahm H, Bringer-Meyer S, Jahn D: D-mannitol production by resting state whole cell biotrans-formation of D-fructose by heterologous mannitol and formate dehydrogenase gene expression in Bacillus megaterium. Biotechnol J. 2007 Nov;2(11):1408-16. [Article]
- Okochi M, Nakagawa I, Kobayashi T, Hayashi S, Furusaki S, Honda H: Enhanced activity of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by addition of the co-solvent 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (L)-lactate in aqueous phase of biphasic systems for reductive production of steroids. J Biotechnol. 2007 Feb 1;128(2):376-82. Epub 2006 Oct 12. [Article]
- Baron R, Lioubashevski O, Katz E, Niazov T, Willner I: Logic gates and elementary computing by enzymes. J Phys Chem A. 2006 Jul 13;110(27):8548-53. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
- Gene Name
- AKR1B1
- Uniprot ID
- P15121
- Uniprot Name
- Aldose reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 35853.125 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Testosterone dehydrogenase [nad(p)] activity
- Specific Function
- Functions in mitochondrial tRNA maturation. Part of mitochondrial ribonuclease P, an enzyme composed of MRPP1/TRMT10C, MRPP2/HSD17B10 and MRPP3/KIAA0391, which cleaves tRNA molecules in their 5'-en...
- Gene Name
- HSD17B10
- Uniprot ID
- Q99714
- Uniprot Name
- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2
- Molecular Weight
- 26922.87 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Poly(a) rna binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- MDH2
- Uniprot ID
- P40926
- Uniprot Name
- Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 35502.935 Da
References
- Baumchen C, Roth AH, Biedendieck R, Malten M, Follmann M, Sahm H, Bringer-Meyer S, Jahn D: D-mannitol production by resting state whole cell biotrans-formation of D-fructose by heterologous mannitol and formate dehydrogenase gene expression in Bacillus megaterium. Biotechnol J. 2007 Nov;2(11):1408-16. [Article]
- Gallarta F, Sainz FJ, Saenz C: Fluorescent sensing layer for the determination of L-malic acid in wine. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Mar;387(6):2297-305. Epub 2007 Jan 4. [Article]
- Markova EV, Zotova NV, Savchenko AA, Titova NM, Slepov EV, Cherdantsev DV, Konovalenko AN: [Lymphocyte metabolism in patients with acute pancreatitis with different genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes]. Biomed Khim. 2006 May-Jun;52(3):317-26. [Article]
- Yennaco LJ, Hu Y, Holden JF: Characterization of malate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum. Extremophiles. 2007 Sep;11(5):741-6. Epub 2007 May 9. [Article]
- Rzem R, Vincent MF, Van Schaftingen E, Veiga-da-Cunha M: L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a defect of metabolite repair. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007 Oct;30(5):681-9. Epub 2007 Jun 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- LDHA
- Uniprot ID
- P00338
- Uniprot Name
- L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain
- Molecular Weight
- 36688.465 Da
References
- Semenza GL: Oxygen-dependent regulation of mitochondrial respiration by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Biochem J. 2007 Jul 1;405(1):1-9. [Article]
- Draghia AC: Histochemical and histopathological study of the gastric mucosa in the portal hypertensive gastropathy. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2006;47(3):259-62. [Article]
- O'Brien J, Kla KM, Hopkins IB, Malecki EA, McKenna MC: Kinetic parameters and lactate dehydrogenase isozyme activities support possible lactate utilization by neurons. Neurochem Res. 2007 Apr-May;32(4-5):597-607. Epub 2006 Sep 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ME2
- Uniprot ID
- P23368
- Uniprot Name
- NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 65442.945 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Bifunctional enzyme acting on the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids. Catalyzes the formation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA intermediates from both straight-chain and 2-methyl-branched-chain fa...
- Gene Name
- HSD17B4
- Uniprot ID
- P51659
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2
- Molecular Weight
- 79685.715 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Haapalainen AM, Koski MK, Qin YM, Hiltunen JK, Glumoff T: Binary structure of the two-domain (3R)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from rat peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 at 2.38 A resolution. Structure. 2003 Jan;11(1):87-97. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- LDHAL6B
- Uniprot ID
- Q9BYZ2
- Uniprot Name
- L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B
- Molecular Weight
- 41942.53 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Possible role in sperm motility.
- Gene Name
- LDHC
- Uniprot ID
- P07864
- Uniprot Name
- L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain
- Molecular Weight
- 36310.965 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Spielmann H, Eibs HG, Mentzel C: Rapid purification of lactate dehydrogenase X from mouse testes by two steps of affinity chromatography on oxamate-sepharose. Experientia. 1976 Aug 15;32(8):1085-6. [Article]
- Morris ID, Higgins C, Matlin SA: Inhibition of testicular LDH-X from laboratory animals and man by gossypol and its isomers. J Reprod Fertil. 1986 Jul;77(2):607-12. [Article]
- Gu Y, Davis DR, Lin YC: Developmental changes in lactate dehydrogenase-X activity in young jaundiced male rats. Arch Androl. 1989;22(2):131-6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- LDHB
- Uniprot ID
- P07195
- Uniprot Name
- L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain
- Molecular Weight
- 36638.225 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Razeto A, Kochhar S, Hottinger H, Dauter M, Wilson KS, Lamzin VS: Domain closure, substrate specificity and catalysis of D-lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus bulgaricus. J Mol Biol. 2002 Apr 19;318(1):109-19. [Article]
- Mdluli K, Booth MP, Brady RL, Rumsby G: A preliminary account of the properties of recombinant human Glyoxylate reductase (GRHPR), LDHA and LDHB with glyoxylate, and their potential roles in its metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Dec 1;1753(2):209-16. Epub 2005 Aug 22. [Article]
- Clausen J: Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes of sperm cells and tests. Biochem J. 1969 Jan;111(2):207-18. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- EHHADH
- Uniprot ID
- Q08426
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme
- Molecular Weight
- 79494.18 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad+ binding
- Specific Function
- Plays an essential role in the mitochondrial beta-oxidation of short chain fatty acids. Exerts it highest activity toward 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA.
- Gene Name
- HADH
- Uniprot ID
- Q16836
- Uniprot Name
- Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 34293.275 Da
References
- Norman JP, Perry SW, Kasischke KA, Volsky DJ, Gelbard HA: HIV-1 trans activator of transcription protein elicits mitochondrial hyperpolarization and respiratory deficit, with dysregulation of complex IV and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis in cortical neurons. J Immunol. 2007 Jan 15;178(2):869-76. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ME3
- Uniprot ID
- Q16798
- Uniprot Name
- NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 67067.875 Da
References
- Luo C, Wang X, Long J, Liu J: An NADH-tetrazolium-coupled sensitive assay for malate dehydrogenase in mitochondria and crude tissue homogenates. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2006 Aug 31;68(2):101-11. Epub 2006 Apr 26. [Article]
- Wei H, Dhanaraj AL, Arora R, Rowland LJ, Fu Y, Sun L: Identification of cold acclimation-responsive Rhododendron genes for lipid metabolism, membrane transport and lignin biosynthesis: importance of moderately abundant ESTs in genomic studies. Plant Cell Environ. 2006 Apr;29(4):558-70. [Article]
- Rzem R, Vincent MF, Van Schaftingen E, Veiga-da-Cunha M: L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a defect of metabolite repair. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007 Oct;30(5):681-9. Epub 2007 Jun 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- BDH1
- Uniprot ID
- Q02338
- Uniprot Name
- D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 38156.77 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Tabata M, Totani M: A chemiluminescence-flow injection analysis of serum 3-hydroxybutyrate using a bioreactor consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase. Anal Biochem. 1995 Jul 20;229(1):133-8. [Article]
- Rudy B, Dubois H, Mink R, Trommer WE, McIntyre JO, Fleischer S: Coenzyme binding by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, a lipid-requiring enzyme: lecithin acts as an allosteric modulator to enhance the affinity for coenzyme. Biochemistry. 1989 Jun 27;28(13):5354-66. [Article]
- Smith CM, Plaut GW: Activities of NAD-specific and NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenases in rat-liver mitochondria. Studies with D-threo-alpha-methylisocitrate. Eur J Biochem. 1979 Jun;97(1):283-95. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- MDH1
- Uniprot ID
- P40925
- Uniprot Name
- Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
- Molecular Weight
- 36425.795 Da
References
- Drew DP, Lunde C, Lahnstein J, Fincher GB: Heterologous expression of cDNAs encoding monodehydroascorbate reductases from the moss, Physcomitrella patens and characterization of the expressed enzymes. Planta. 2007 Mar;225(4):945-54. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- HIBADH
- Uniprot ID
- P31937
- Uniprot Name
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 35328.515 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (nadp+) activity
- Specific Function
- Favors the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone. Uses NADPH while the two other EDH17B enzymes use NADH.
- Gene Name
- HSD17B3
- Uniprot ID
- P37058
- Uniprot Name
- Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3
- Molecular Weight
- 34515.345 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Inano H, Tamaoki B: Relationship between steroids and pyridine nucleotides in the oxido-reduction catalyzed by the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase purified from the porcine testicular microsomal fraction. Eur J Biochem. 1975 May 6;53(2):319-26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadph binding
- Specific Function
- Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including...
- Gene Name
- HMGCR
- Uniprot ID
- P04035
- Uniprot Name
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 97475.155 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Huber R, Riepe MW: Improved posthypoxic recovery in vitro on treatment with drugs used for secondary stroke prevention. Neuropharmacology. 2005 Mar;48(4):558-65. [Article]
- Hedl M, Rodwell VW: Inhibition of the class II HMG-CoA reductase of Pseudomonas mevalonii. Protein Sci. 2004 Jun;13(6):1693-7. [Article]
- Li S, Wagner CA, Friesen JA, Borst DW: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in the lobster mandibular organ: regulation by the eyestalk. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2003 Nov;134(2):147-55. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ME1
- Uniprot ID
- P48163
- Uniprot Name
- NADP-dependent malic enzyme
- Molecular Weight
- 64149.075 Da
References
- McKinlay JB, Shachar-Hill Y, Zeikus JG, Vieille C: Determining Actinobacillus succinogenes metabolic pathways and fluxes by NMR and GC-MS analyses of 13C-labeled metabolic product isotopomers. Metab Eng. 2007 Mar;9(2):177-92. Epub 2006 Nov 17. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- PHGDH
- Uniprot ID
- O43175
- Uniprot Name
- D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 56650.03 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Grant GA: A new family of 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 29;165(3):1371-4. [Article]
- Goldsmith LA, O'Barr T: Serine biosynthesis in human hair follicles by the phosphorylated pathway: follicular 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. J Invest Dermatol. 1976 Jun;66(6):360-6. [Article]
- Grant GA, Hu Z, Xu XL: Cofactor binding to Escherichia coli D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase induces multiple conformations which alter effector binding. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277(42):39548-53. Epub 2002 Aug 14. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the reduction of the keto group on the C-3 of sterols.
- Gene Name
- HSD17B7
- Uniprot ID
- P56937
- Uniprot Name
- 3-keto-steroid reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 38205.77 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- IDH3G
- Uniprot ID
- P51553
- Uniprot Name
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit gamma, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 42793.97 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Stein AM, Stein JH, Kirkman SK: Diphosphopyridine nucleotide specific isocitric dehydrogenase of mammalian mitochondria. I. On the roles of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase and the isocitric dehydrogenases in the respiration of mitochondria of normal and neoplastic tissues. Biochemistry. 1967 May;6(5):1370-9. [Article]
- SANWAL BD, ZINK MW, STACHOW CS: NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-SPECIFIC ISOCITRIC DEHYDROGENASE. A POSSIBLE REGULATORY PROTEIN. J Biol Chem. 1964 May;239:1597-603. [Article]
- Rose ZB: The stereochemistry of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitric dehydrogenase reaction. J Biol Chem. 1966 May 25;241(10):2311-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- IDH3B
- Uniprot ID
- O43837
- Uniprot Name
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 42183.39 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Stein AM, Stein JH, Kirkman SK: Diphosphopyridine nucleotide specific isocitric dehydrogenase of mammalian mitochondria. I. On the roles of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase and the isocitric dehydrogenases in the respiration of mitochondria of normal and neoplastic tissues. Biochemistry. 1967 May;6(5):1370-9. [Article]
- SANWAL BD, ZINK MW, STACHOW CS: NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-SPECIFIC ISOCITRIC DEHYDROGENASE. A POSSIBLE REGULATORY PROTEIN. J Biol Chem. 1964 May;239:1597-603. [Article]
- Rose ZB: The stereochemistry of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitric dehydrogenase reaction. J Biol Chem. 1966 May 25;241(10):2311-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- IDH3A
- Uniprot ID
- P50213
- Uniprot Name
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 39591.365 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- PLAUT GW, SUNG SC: Diphosphopyridine nucleotide isocitric dehydrogenase from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1954 Mar;207(1):305-14. [Article]
- Stein AM, Stein JH, Kirkman SK: Diphosphopyridine nucleotide specific isocitric dehydrogenase of mammalian mitochondria. I. On the roles of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase and the isocitric dehydrogenases in the respiration of mitochondria of normal and neoplastic tissues. Biochemistry. 1967 May;6(5):1370-9. [Article]
- Rose ZB: The stereochemistry of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitric dehydrogenase reaction. J Biol Chem. 1966 May 25;241(10):2311-3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Testosterone dehydrogenase (nad+) activity
- Specific Function
- Favors the reduction of estrogens and androgens. Also has 20-alpha-HSD activity. Uses preferentially NADH.
- Gene Name
- HSD17B1
- Uniprot ID
- P14061
- Uniprot Name
- Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 34949.715 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Pineda JA, Murdock GL, Watson RJ, Warren JC: Stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer by bovine testicular 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. J Steroid Biochem. 1989 Dec;33(6):1223-8. [Article]
- Fukuda T, Hirato K, Yanaihara T, Nakayama T: Microsomal 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity for progesterone in human placenta. Endocrinol Jpn. 1986 Jun;33(3):361-8. [Article]
- Rimsay RL, Murphy GW, Martin CJ, Orr JC: The 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of Streptomyces hydrogenans. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Jun 1;174(2):437-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Testosterone dehydrogenase (nad+) activity
- Specific Function
- Capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione, as well as estradiol and estrone. Also has 20-alpha-HSD activity. Uses NADH while EDH17B3 uses NADPH.
- Gene Name
- HSD17B2
- Uniprot ID
- P37059
- Uniprot Name
- Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 42784.75 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Fukuda T, Hirato K, Yanaihara T, Nakayama T: Microsomal 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity for progesterone in human placenta. Endocrinol Jpn. 1986 Jun;33(3):361-8. [Article]
- Pineda JA, Murdock GL, Watson RJ, Warren JC: Stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer by bovine testicular 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. J Steroid Biochem. 1989 Dec;33(6):1223-8. [Article]
- Wintergalen N, Thole HH, Galla HJ, Schlegel W: Prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase from corpus luteum of pseudopregnant rabbit is a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily featuring 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Nov 15;234(1):264-70. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Retinol dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Stereospecific 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of 11-cis retinaldehyde, the universal chromophore of visual pigments. Also able to oxidize 9-cis-ret...
- Gene Name
- RDH5
- Uniprot ID
- Q92781
- Uniprot Name
- 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 34978.425 Da
References
- Dalfo D, Marques N, Albalat R: Analysis of the NADH-dependent retinaldehyde reductase activity of amphioxus retinol dehydrogenase enzymes enhances our understanding of the evolution of the retinol dehydrogenase family. FEBS J. 2007 Jul;274(14):3739-52. Epub 2007 Jul 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function
- Oxidizes glucose-6-phosphate and glucose, as well as other hexose-6-phosphates.
- Gene Name
- H6PD
- Uniprot ID
- O95479
- Uniprot Name
- GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein
- Molecular Weight
- 88891.99 Da
References
- Siu E, Won K, Park CB: Electrochemical regeneration of NADH using conductive vanadia-silica xerogels. Biotechnol Prog. 2007 Jan-Feb;23(1):293-6. [Article]
- Lu Y, Mei L: Co-expression of P450 BM3 and glucose dehydrogenase by recombinant Escherichia coli and its application in an NADPH-dependent indigo production system. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Mar;34(3):247-53. Epub 2006 Dec 14. [Article]
- Takenaka M, Verbitskiy D, van der Merwe JA, Zehrmann A, Plessmann U, Urlaub H, Brennicke A: In vitro RNA editing in plant mitochondria does not require added energy. FEBS Lett. 2007 Jun 12;581(14):2743-7. Epub 2007 May 21. [Article]
- Markova EV, Zotova NV, Savchenko AA, Titova NM, Slepov EV, Cherdantsev DV, Konovalenko AN: [Lymphocyte metabolism in patients with acute pancreatitis with different genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes]. Biomed Khim. 2006 May-Jun;52(3):317-26. [Article]
- Zhang M, Mullens C, Gorski W: Coimmobilization of dehydrogenases and their cofactors in electrochemical biosensors. Anal Chem. 2007 Mar 15;79(6):2446-50. Epub 2007 Feb 14. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Testosterone dehydrogenase (nad+) activity
- Specific Function
- NAD-dependent 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with highest activity towards estradiol. Has very low activity towards testosterone. The heteroteramer with CBR4 has NADH-dependent 3-ketoacyl-acy...
- Gene Name
- HSD17B8
- Uniprot ID
- Q92506
- Uniprot Name
- Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 8
- Molecular Weight
- 26973.56 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Retinal dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the transformation of the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) into the less active form, 5-alpha-androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol (3-alpha-diol). Also has some 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid...
- Gene Name
- AKR1C4
- Uniprot ID
- P17516
- Uniprot Name
- Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4
- Molecular Weight
- 37066.52 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Atalla A, Breyer-Pfaff U, Maser E: Purification and characterization of oxidoreductases-catalyzing carbonyl reduction of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in human liver cytosol. Xenobiotica. 2000 Aug;30(8):755-69. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Rna binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore pl...
- Gene Name
- IMPDH2
- Uniprot ID
- P12268
- Uniprot Name
- Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 55804.495 Da
References
- Wang J, Zeevi A, Webber S, Girnita DM, Addonizio L, Selby R, Hutchinson IV, Burckart GJ: A novel variant L263F in human inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 is associated with diminished enzyme activity. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2007 Apr;17(4):283-90. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2....
- Gene Name
- AKR1C3
- Uniprot ID
- P42330
- Uniprot Name
- Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3
- Molecular Weight
- 36852.89 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Pineda JA, Murdock GL, Watson RJ, Warren JC: Stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer by bovine testicular 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. J Steroid Biochem. 1989 Dec;33(6):1223-8. [Article]
- Pineda JA, Murdock GL, Watson RJ, Warren JC: Stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer between progesterone and cofactor by human placental estradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1990 Sep;37(1):65-70. [Article]
- Nicolas JC, Boussioux AM, Boularan AM, Descomps B, Crastes de Paulet A: Bioluminescent assay of femtomole levels of estrone and estradiol. Anal Biochem. 1983 Nov;135(1):141-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Prostaglandin inactivation. Contributes to the regulation of events that are under the control of prostaglandin levels. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent dehydrogenation of lipoxin A4 to form 15-oxo-lipo...
- Gene Name
- HPGD
- Uniprot ID
- P15428
- Uniprot Name
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]
- Molecular Weight
- 28977.105 Da
References
- Gao L, He P, Sha J, Liu C, Dai L, Hui N, Ni X: Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 and type 2 mediate differential effects on 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase expression in cultured human chorion trophoblasts. Endocrinology. 2007 Aug;148(8):3645-54. Epub 2007 Apr 26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Isomerase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the two-step NADP-dependent conversion of GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose to GDP-fucose, involving an epimerase and a reductase reaction.
- Gene Name
- TSTA3
- Uniprot ID
- Q13630
- Uniprot Name
- GDP-L-fucose synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 35892.46 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts progesterone to its inactive form, 20-alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone (20-alpha-OHP). In the liver and intestine, may have a role in the transport of bile. May have a role in monitoring the in...
- Gene Name
- AKR1C1
- Uniprot ID
- Q04828
- Uniprot Name
- Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1
- Molecular Weight
- 36788.02 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Pineda JA, Murdock GL, Watson RJ, Warren JC: Stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer by bovine testicular 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. J Steroid Biochem. 1989 Dec;33(6):1223-8. [Article]
- Fukuda T, Hirato K, Yanaihara T, Nakayama T: Microsomal 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity for progesterone in human placenta. Endocrinol Jpn. 1986 Jun;33(3):361-8. [Article]
- Burczynski ME, Sridhar GR, Palackal NT, Penning TM: The reactive oxygen species--and Michael acceptor-inducible human aldo-keto reductase AKR1C1 reduces the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-nonene. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2890-7. Epub 2000 Nov 1. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [nad(p)] activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol. In intact cells, the rea...
- Gene Name
- HSD11B1
- Uniprot ID
- P28845
- Uniprot Name
- Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1
- Molecular Weight
- 32400.665 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Diederich S, Hanke B, Oelkers W, Bahr V: Metabolism of dexamethasone in the human kidney: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent 11beta-reduction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1598-602. [Article]
- Hermans JJ, Steckel B, Thijssen HH, Janssen BJ, Netter KJ, Maser E: Comparison of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Steroids. 1995 Nov;60(11):773-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid delta-isomerase activity
- Specific Function
- 3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system pl...
- Gene Name
- HSD3B2
- Uniprot ID
- P26439
- Uniprot Name
- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 2
- Molecular Weight
- 42051.845 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Widenius TV, Orava MM, Vihko RK, Ylikahri RH, Eriksson CJ: Inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis by ethanol: multiple sites and mechanisms in dispersed Leydig cells. J Steroid Biochem. 1987 Aug;28(2):185-8. [Article]
- Fan DF, Troen P: Studies of the human testis. VII. Conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Sep;41(3):563-74. [Article]
- Thomas JL, Myers RP, Strickler RC: Analysis of coenzyme binding by human placental 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase and steroid 5----4-ene-isomerase using 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine, an affinity labeling cofactor analog. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991 Oct;39(4A):471-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid delta-isomerase activity
- Specific Function
- 3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system pl...
- Gene Name
- HSD3B1
- Uniprot ID
- P14060
- Uniprot Name
- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1
- Molecular Weight
- 42251.25 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Widenius TV, Orava MM, Vihko RK, Ylikahri RH, Eriksson CJ: Inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis by ethanol: multiple sites and mechanisms in dispersed Leydig cells. J Steroid Biochem. 1987 Aug;28(2):185-8. [Article]
- Thomas JL, Myers RP, Rosik LO, Strickler RC: Affinity alkylation of human placental 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase and steroid 5----4-ene-isomerase by 2 alpha-bromoacetoxyprogesterone: evidence for separate dehydrogenase and isomerase sites on one protein. J Steroid Biochem. 1990 Jun;36(1-2):117-23. [Article]
- Ishii-Ohba H, Inano H, Tamaoki B: Testicular and adrenal 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase and 5-ene-4-ene isomerase. J Steroid Biochem. 1987;27(4-6):775-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Rna binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore pl...
- Gene Name
- IMPDH1
- Uniprot ID
- P20839
- Uniprot Name
- Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 55405.365 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Bowne SJ, Sullivan LS, Mortimer SE, Hedstrom L, Zhu J, Spellicy CJ, Gire AI, Hughbanks-Wheaton D, Birch DG, Lewis RA, Heckenlively JR, Daiger SP: Spectrum and frequency of mutations in IMPDH1 associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and leber congenital amaurosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Jan;47(1):34-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Bifunctional subunit.
- Gene Name
- HADHA
- Uniprot ID
- P40939
- Uniprot Name
- Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 82998.97 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Electron carrier activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ALDH2
- Uniprot ID
- P05091
- Uniprot Name
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 56380.93 Da
References
- Quintanilla ME, Tampier L, Sapag A, Gerdtzen Z, Israel Y: Sex differences, alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde burst, and aversion to ethanol in the rat: a systems perspective. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Aug;293(2):E531-7. Epub 2007 May 8. [Article]
- Quintanilla ME, Israel Y, Sapag A, Tampier L: The UChA and UChB rat lines: metabolic and genetic differences influencing ethanol intake. Addict Biol. 2006 Sep;11(3-4):310-23. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Modulates intracellular glucocorticoid levels, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation...
- Gene Name
- HSD11B2
- Uniprot ID
- P80365
- Uniprot Name
- Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2
- Molecular Weight
- 44126.06 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Mercer WR, Krozowski ZS: Localization of an 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity to the distal nephron. Evidence for the existence of two species of dehydrogenase in the rat kidney. Endocrinology. 1992 Jan;130(1):540-3. [Article]
- Hermans JJ, Steckel B, Thijssen HH, Janssen BJ, Netter KJ, Maser E: Comparison of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Steroids. 1995 Nov;60(11):773-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Works in concert with the 5-alpha/5-beta-steroid reductases to convert steroid hormones into the 3-alpha/5-alpha and 3-alpha/5-beta-tetrahydrosteroids. Catalyzes the inactivation of the most potent...
- Gene Name
- AKR1C2
- Uniprot ID
- P52895
- Uniprot Name
- Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2
- Molecular Weight
- 36734.97 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Rizner TL, Lin HK, Peehl DM, Steckelbroeck S, Bauman DR, Penning TM: Human type 3 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (aldo-keto reductase 1C2) and androgen metabolism in prostate cells. Endocrinology. 2003 Jul;144(7):2922-32. [Article]
- Trauger JW, Jiang A, Stearns BA, LoGrasso PV: Kinetics of allopregnanolone formation catalyzed by human 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type III (AKR1C2). Biochemistry. 2002 Nov 12;41(45):13451-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the sequential removal of two C-4 methyl groups in post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis.
- Gene Name
- NSDHL
- Uniprot ID
- Q15738
- Uniprot Name
- Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylating
- Molecular Weight
- 41899.99 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Cunningham D, Swartzlander D, Liyanarachchi S, Davuluri RV, Herman GE: Changes in gene expression associated with loss of function of the NSDHL sterol dehydrogenase in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. J Lipid Res. 2005 Jun;46(6):1150-62. Epub 2005 Apr 1. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase [nad(p)+] activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ALDH3B2
- Uniprot ID
- P48448
- Uniprot Name
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2
- Molecular Weight
- 42634.6 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thiolester hydrolase activity
- Specific Function
- Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA.
- Gene Name
- ALDH6A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q02252
- Uniprot Name
- Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 57839.31 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Kedishvili NY, Popov KM, Harris RA: The effect of ligand binding on the proteolytic pattern of methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Oct;290(1):21-6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (nad+) activity
- Specific Function
- ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. Th...
- Gene Name
- ALDH3A1
- Uniprot ID
- P30838
- Uniprot Name
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
- Molecular Weight
- 50394.57 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Wroczynski P, Nowak M, Wierzchowski J, Szubert A, Polanski J: Activities of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in colon cancer: determination using selective, fluorimetric assays. Acta Pol Pharm. 2005 Nov-Dec;62(6):427-33. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Retinal dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Binds free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Can convert/oxidize retinaldehyde to retinoic acid (By similarity).
- Gene Name
- ALDH1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P00352
- Uniprot Name
- Retinal dehydrogenase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 54861.44 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Wroczynski P, Nowak M, Wierzchowski J, Szubert A, Polanski J: Activities of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in colon cancer: determination using selective, fluorimetric assays. Acta Pol Pharm. 2005 Nov-Dec;62(6):427-33. [Article]
- Russo J, Barnes A, Berger K, Desgrosellier J, Henderson J, Kanters A, Merkov L: 4-(N,N-dipropylamino)benzaldehyde inhibits the oxidation of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinoic acid by ALDH1A1, but not the differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells exposed to all-trans retinal. BMC Pharmacol. 2002;2:4. Epub 2002 Feb 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function
- May play an important role in regulating the switch between different pathways for energy production during spermiogenesis and in the spermatozoon. Required for sperm motility and male fertility (B...
- Gene Name
- GAPDHS
- Uniprot ID
- O14556
- Uniprot Name
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific
- Molecular Weight
- 44500.835 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Maeda K, Nagata H, Nonaka A, Kataoka K, Tanaka M, Shizukuishi S: Oral streptococcal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mediates interaction with Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae. Microbes Infect. 2004 Nov;6(13):1163-70. [Article]
- Graciet E, Lebreton S, Camadro JM, Gontero B: Characterization of native and recombinant A4 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Kinetic evidence for confromation changes upon association with the small protein CP12. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Jan;270(1):129-36. [Article]
- Ismail SA, Park HW: Structural analysis of human liver glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005 Nov;61(Pt 11):1508-13. Epub 2005 Oct 19. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma-butyrobetaine. Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction.
- Gene Name
- ALDH9A1
- Uniprot ID
- P49189
- Uniprot Name
- 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 53801.495 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Prieto MI, Martin J, Balana-Fouce R, Garrido-Pertierra A: Properties of gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Biochimie. 1987 Nov-Dec;69(11-12):1161-8. [Article]
- Testore G, Colombatto S, Silvagno F, Bedino S: Purification and kinetic characterization of gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from rat liver. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1995 Nov;27(11):1201-10. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thyroid hormone binding
- Specific Function
- Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Seems to be the key enzyme in the formation of an RA gradient along the dorso-ventral axis during the early...
- Gene Name
- ALDH1A3
- Uniprot ID
- P47895
- Uniprot Name
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3
- Molecular Weight
- 56107.995 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Graham CE, Brocklehurst K, Pickersgill RW, Warren MJ: Characterization of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3. Biochem J. 2006 Feb 15;394(Pt 1):67-75. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase (nad) activity
- Specific Function
- ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation.
- Gene Name
- ALDH1B1
- Uniprot ID
- P30837
- Uniprot Name
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 57205.93 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase [nad(p)+] activity
- Specific Function
- Oxidizes medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. Metabolizes also benzaldehyde. Low activity towards acetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. May not metabolize short ch...
- Gene Name
- ALDH3B1
- Uniprot ID
- P43353
- Uniprot Name
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1
- Molecular Weight
- 51839.245 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Peptidyl-cysteine s-nitrosylase activity
- Specific Function
- Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including tran...
- Gene Name
- GAPDH
- Uniprot ID
- P04406
- Uniprot Name
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 36053.0 Da
References
- Markova EV, Zotova NV, Savchenko AA, Titova NM, Slepov EV, Cherdantsev DV, Konovalenko AN: [Lymphocyte metabolism in patients with acute pancreatitis with different genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes]. Biomed Khim. 2006 May-Jun;52(3):317-26. [Article]
- Ido Y: Pyridine nucleotide redox abnormalities in diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007 Jul;9(7):931-42. [Article]
- Trost P, Fermani S, Marri L, Zaffagnini M, Falini G, Scagliarini S, Pupillo P, Sparla F: Thioredoxin-dependent regulation of photosynthetic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: autonomous vs. CP12-dependent mechanisms. Photosynth Res. 2006 Sep;89(2-3):263-75. Epub 2006 Sep 22. [Article]
- Swearengin TA, Fibuch EE, Seidler NW: Sevoflurane modulates the activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2006 Oct;21(5):575-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Retinal dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Does metabolize octanal and decanal but does not metabolize citral, benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal...
- Gene Name
- ALDH1A2
- Uniprot ID
- O94788
- Uniprot Name
- Retinal dehydrogenase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 56723.495 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Lamb AL, Newcomer ME: The structure of retinal dehydrogenase type II at 2.7 A resolution: implications for retinal specificity. Biochemistry. 1999 May 11;38(19):6003-11. [Article]
- Russo J, Barnes A, Berger K, Desgrosellier J, Henderson J, Kanters A, Merkov L: 4-(N,N-dipropylamino)benzaldehyde inhibits the oxidation of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinoic acid by ALDH1A1, but not the differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells exposed to all-trans retinal. BMC Pharmacol. 2002;2:4. Epub 2002 Feb 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Medium-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to fatty acids. Active on a variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes between 6 and 24 carbons in length. Responsible for co...
- Gene Name
- ALDH3A2
- Uniprot ID
- P51648
- Uniprot Name
- Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 54847.36 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Bognar A, Meighen E: Mechanism of a long-chain fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase induced during the development of bioluminescence in Beneckea harveyi. Can J Biochem Cell Biol. 1983 May;61(5):301-6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [nad(p)+] activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes one step in the degradation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
- Gene Name
- ALDH5A1
- Uniprot ID
- P51649
- Uniprot Name
- Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 57214.23 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by meta...
- Gene Name
- ALDH7A1
- Uniprot ID
- P49419
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 58486.74 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- de La Fuente JL, Rumbero A, Martin JF, Liras P: Delta-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase, a new enzyme that forms alpha-aminoadipate in Streptomyces clavuligerus and other cephamycin C-producing actinomycetes. Biochem J. 1997 Oct 1;327 ( Pt 1):59-64. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Riboflavin reductase (nadph) activity
- Specific Function
- Broad specificity oxidoreductase that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a variety of flavins, such as riboflavin, FAD or FMN, biliverdins, methemoglobin and PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone)....
- Gene Name
- BLVRB
- Uniprot ID
- P30043
- Uniprot Name
- Flavin reductase (NADPH)
- Molecular Weight
- 22119.215 Da
References
- Deng D, Li X, Fang X, Sun G: Characterization of two components of the 2-naphthoate monooxygenase system from Burkholderia sp. strain JT1500. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 Aug;273(1):22-7. Epub 2007 Jun 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
- Specific Function
- Housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis. In some cell types, such as erythrocytes, its primary function may be the generation of NADP(+). Can utilize both NAD and N...
- Gene Name
- PYCR2
- Uniprot ID
- Q96C36
- Uniprot Name
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 33636.815 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Murahama M, Yoshida T, Hayashi F, Ichino T, Sanada Y, Wada K: Purification and characterization of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase isoenzymes, indicating differential distribution in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 2001 Jul;42(7):742-50. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity
- Specific Function
- Housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis. Can utilize both NAD and NADP, but has higher affinity for NAD. Involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress.
- Gene Name
- PYCR1
- Uniprot ID
- P32322
- Uniprot Name
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 33360.27 Da
References
- Wang ZQ, Yuan YZ, Ou JQ, Lin QH, Zhang CF: Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase contribute differentially to proline accumulation in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings exposed to different salinity. J Plant Physiol. 2007 Jun;164(6):695-701. Epub 2006 Jun 14. [Article]
- Forlani G, Giberti S, Berlicki L, Petrollino D, Kafarski P: Plant P5C reductase as a new target for aminomethylenebisphosphonates. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 30;55(11):4340-7. Epub 2007 May 3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad+ binding
- Specific Function
- Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase that converts L-glutamate into alpha-ketoglutarate. Plays a key role in glutamine anaplerosis by producing alpha-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in th...
- Gene Name
- GLUD1
- Uniprot ID
- P00367
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 61397.315 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
- Gene Name
- PDHB
- Uniprot ID
- P11177
- Uniprot Name
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 39233.1 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Taylor SI, Mukherjee C, Jungas RL: Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Effects of octanoate, oxidation-reduction state, and adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate ratio. J Biol Chem. 1975 Mar 25;250(6):2028-35. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity
- Specific Function
- The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
- Gene Name
- PDHA2
- Uniprot ID
- P29803
- Uniprot Name
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 42932.855 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
- Gene Name
- PDHA1
- Uniprot ID
- P08559
- Uniprot Name
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 43295.255 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reduces the gamma-methene bridge of the open tetrapyrrole, biliverdin IX alpha, to bilirubin with the concomitant oxidation of a NADH or NADPH cofactor.
- Gene Name
- BLVRA
- Uniprot ID
- P53004
- Uniprot Name
- Biliverdin reductase A
- Molecular Weight
- 33428.225 Da
References
- Franklin E, Browne S, Hayes J, Boland C, Dunne A, Elliot G, Mantle TJ: Activation of biliverdin-IXalpha reductase by inorganic phosphate and related anions. Biochem J. 2007 Jul 1;405(1):61-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
- Specific Function
- Introduces a double bond at position 2 in saturated acyl-CoA's of short chain length, i.e. less than 6 carbon atoms.
- Gene Name
- ACADS
- Uniprot ID
- P16219
- Uniprot Name
- Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 44296.705 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadph binding
- Specific Function
- Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA pre...
- Gene Name
- DHFR
- Uniprot ID
- P00374
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydrofolate reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 21452.61 Da
References
- Argyrou A, Jin L, Siconilfi-Baez L, Angeletti RH, Blanchard JS: Proteome-wide profiling of isoniazid targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochemistry. 2006 Nov 28;45(47):13947-53. [Article]
- Vickers TJ, Orsomando G, de la Garza RD, Scott DA, Kang SO, Hanson AD, Beverley SM: Biochemical and genetic analysis of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in Leishmania metabolism and virulence. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 15;281(50):38150-8. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Thiamine pyrophosphate binding
- Specific Function
- The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: 2-oxoglutarate dehy...
- Gene Name
- OGDH
- Uniprot ID
- Q02218
- Uniprot Name
- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 115934.37 Da
References
- Mailloux RJ, Beriault R, Lemire J, Singh R, Chenier DR, Hamel RD, Appanna VD: The tricarboxylic acid cycle, an ancient metabolic network with a novel twist. PLoS One. 2007 Aug 1;2(8):e690. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Leucine binding
- Specific Function
- Important for recycling the chief excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, during neurotransmission.
- Gene Name
- GLUD2
- Uniprot ID
- P49448
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 61433.465 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase activity
- Specific Function
- Production of cholesterol by reduction of C7-C8 double bond of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC).
- Gene Name
- DHCR7
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UBM7
- Uniprot Name
- 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 54488.98 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadph dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
- Specific Function
- The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinones involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vi...
- Gene Name
- NQO2
- Uniprot ID
- P16083
- Uniprot Name
- Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]
- Molecular Weight
- 25918.4 Da
References
- Jamieson D, Tung AT, Knox RJ, Boddy AV: Reduction of mitomycin C is catalysed by human recombinant NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as an electron donating co-factor. Br J Cancer. 2006 Nov 6;95(9):1229-33. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [Article]
- Iskander K, Li J, Han S, Zheng B, Jaiswal AK: NQO1 and NQO2 regulation of humoral immunity and autoimmunity. J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 13;281(41):30917-24. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND2
- Uniprot ID
- P03891
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2
- Molecular Weight
- 38960.47 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Nikonova EV, Vijayasarathy C, Zhang L, Cater JR, Galante RJ, Ward SE, Avadhani NG, Pack AI: Differences in activity of cytochrome C oxidase in brain between sleep and wakefulness. Sleep. 2005 Jan;28(1):21-7. [Article]
- Zhang HB, Chen SL, Liu JZ, Xiao B, Chen ZB, Wang HJ: [The changes of gene expression in multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2003 May;42(5):300-2. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Saccharopine dehydrogenase (nadp+, l-lysine-forming) activity
- Specific Function
- Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in lysine degradation. The N-terminal and the C-terminal contain lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity, respe...
- Gene Name
- AASS
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UDR5
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 102130.895 Da
References
- Xu H, West AH, Cook PF: Determinants of substrate specificity for saccharopine dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry. 2007 Jun 26;46(25):7625-36. Epub 2007 Jun 2. [Article]
- Xu H, West AH, Cook PF: Overall kinetic mechanism of saccharopine dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry. 2006 Oct 3;45(39):12156-66. [Article]
- Xu H, Alguindigue SS, West AH, Cook PF: A proposed proton shuttle mechanism for saccharopine dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry. 2007 Jan 23;46(3):871-82. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND3
- Uniprot ID
- P03897
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3
- Molecular Weight
- 13185.87 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Quinone binding
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- NDUFS7
- Uniprot ID
- O75251
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 23563.3 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Schuler F, Yano T, Di Bernardo S, Yagi T, Yankovskaya V, Singer TP, Casida JE: NADH-quinone oxidoreductase: PSST subunit couples electron transfer from iron-sulfur cluster N2 to quinone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):4149-53. [Article]
- Hyslop SJ, Duncan AM, Pitkanen S, Robinson BH: Assignment of the PSST subunit gene of human mitochondrial complex I to chromosome 19p13. Genomics. 1996 Nov 1;37(3):375-80. [Article]
- Albracht SP: Intimate relationships of the large and the small subunits of all nickel hydrogenases with two nuclear-encoded subunits of mitochondrial NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Sep 13;1144(2):221-4. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [nad(p)+] activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- MTHFD1
- Uniprot ID
- P11586
- Uniprot Name
- C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic
- Molecular Weight
- 101558.37 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Phosphate ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- MTHFD2
- Uniprot ID
- P13995
- Uniprot Name
- Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 37894.775 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function
- Irreversible conversion of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), derived either from proline or ornithine, to glutamate. This is a necessary step in the pathway interconnecting the urea and tricar...
- Gene Name
- ALDH4A1
- Uniprot ID
- P30038
- Uniprot Name
- Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 61718.93 Da
References
- Inagaki E, Ohshima N, Takahashi H, Kuroishi C, Yokoyama S, Tahirov TH: Crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. J Mol Biol. 2006 Sep 22;362(3):490-501. Epub 2006 Jul 29. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and, in erythrocyte, methemoglobin reduction.
- Gene Name
- CYB5R3
- Uniprot ID
- P00387
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
- Molecular Weight
- 34234.55 Da
References
- Roma GW, Crowley LJ, Barber MJ: Expression and characterization of a functional canine variant of cytochrome b5 reductase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2006 Aug 1;452(1):69-82. Epub 2006 May 24. [Article]
- Nussenzveig RH, Lingam HB, Gaikwad A, Zhu Q, Jing N, Prchal JT: A novel mutation of the cytochrome-b5 reductase gene in an Indian patient: the molecular basis of type I methemoglobinemia. Haematologica. 2006 Nov;91(11):1542-5. [Article]
- Kim S, Suga M, Ogasahara K, Ikegami T, Minami Y, Yubisui T, Tsukihara T: Structure of Physarum polycephalum cytochrome b5 reductase at 1.56 A resolution. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2007 Apr 1;63(Pt 4):274-9. Epub 2007 Mar 23. [Article]
- Kurian JR, Chin NA, Longlais BJ, Hayes KL, Trepanier LA: Reductive detoxification of arylhydroxylamine carcinogens by human NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006 Oct;19(10):1366-73. [Article]
- Ikegami T, Kameyama E, Yamamoto SY, Minami Y, Yubisui T: Structure and properties of the recombinant NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase of Physarum polycephalum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Mar;71(3):783-90. Epub 2007 Mar 7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA11
- Uniprot ID
- Q86Y39
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11
- Molecular Weight
- 14851.96 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND4
- Uniprot ID
- P03905
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4
- Molecular Weight
- 51580.26 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Shen XY, Zacal N, Singh G, Rainbow AJ: Alterations in mitochondrial and apoptosis-regulating gene expression in photodynamic therapy-resistant variants of HT29 colon carcinoma cells. Photochem Photobiol. 2005 Mar-Apr;81(2):306-13. [Article]
- Carper DA, Sun JK, Iwata T, Zigler JS Jr, Ibaraki N, Lin LR, Reddy V: Oxidative stress induces differential gene expression in a human lens epithelial cell line. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Feb;40(2):400-6. [Article]
- Dzelzkalns VA, Obinger C, Regelsberger G, Niederhauser H, Kamensek M, Peschek GA, Bogorad L: Deletion of the structural gene for the NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 4 of Synechocystis 6803 alters respiratory properties. Plant Physiol. 1994 Dec;106(4):1435-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadph binding
- Specific Function
- The product of this enzyme, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH-4), is an essential cofactor for phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan hydroxylases.
- Gene Name
- QDPR
- Uniprot ID
- P09417
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydropteridine reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 25789.295 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Nakanishi N, Ozawa K, Yamada S: Determination of NADPH-specific dihydropteridine reductase in extract from human, monkey, and bovine livers by single radial immunodiffusion: selective assay differentiating NADPH- and NADH-specific enzymes. J Biochem. 1986 May;99(5):1311-5. [Article]
- van der Heiden C, Brink W: Spectral studies of the interaction of the substrate 'quinonoid' 6-methyl dihydropterine and the coenzyme NADH used as marker in the dihydropteridine reductase assay. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1982;5(3):132-6. [Article]
- Lee PL, Halloran C, Cross AR, Beutler E: NADH-ferric reductase activity associated with dihydropteridine reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 May 19;271(3):788-95. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND1
- Uniprot ID
- P03886
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1
- Molecular Weight
- 35660.055 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function
- The transhydrogenation between NADH and NADP is coupled to respiration and ATP hydrolysis and functions as a proton pump across the membrane. May play a role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxi...
- Gene Name
- NNT
- Uniprot ID
- Q13423
- Uniprot Name
- NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 113894.595 Da
References
- Kabus A, Georgi T, Wendisch VF, Bott M: Expression of the Escherichia coli pntAB genes encoding a membrane-bound transhydrogenase in Corynebacterium glutamicum improves L-lysine formation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 May;75(1):47-53. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA5
- Uniprot ID
- Q16718
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5
- Molecular Weight
- 13458.605 Da
References
- Chen CL, Zhang L, Yeh A, Chen CA, Green-Church KB, Zweier JL, Chen YR: Site-specific S-glutathiolation of mitochondrial NADH ubiquinone reductase. Biochemistry. 2007 May 15;46(19):5754-65. Epub 2007 Apr 20. [Article]
- Belevich G, Euro L, Wikstrom M, Verkhovskaya M: Role of the conserved arginine 274 and histidine 224 and 228 residues in the NuoCD subunit of complex I from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 2007 Jan 16;46(2):526-33. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein complex binding
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA9
- Uniprot ID
- Q16795
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 42509.18 Da
References
- Barker CD, Reda T, Hirst J: The flavoprotein subcomplex of complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) from bovine heart mitochondria: insights into the mechanisms of NADH oxidation and NAD+ reduction from protein film voltammetry. Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 20;46(11):3454-64. Epub 2007 Feb 27. [Article]
- Balaban RS: Maintenance of the metabolic homeostasis of the heart: developing a systems analysis approach. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Oct;1080:140-53. [Article]
- Matsuzaki S, Szweda LI: Inhibition of complex I by Ca2+ reduces electron transport activity and the rate of superoxide anion production in cardiac submitochondrial particles. Biochemistry. 2007 Feb 6;46(5):1350-7. [Article]
- Fisher N, Bray PG, Ward SA, Biagini GA: The malaria parasite type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase: an alternative enzyme for an alternative lifestyle. Trends Parasitol. 2007 Jul;23(7):305-10. Epub 2007 May 10. [Article]
- Liu Y, Qiao DR, Zheng HB, Dai XL, Bai LH, Zeng J, Cao Y: Cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding 19-kD subunit of Complex I from Dunaliella salina. Mol Biol Rep. 2008 Sep;35(3):397-403. Epub 2007 May 26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND4L
- Uniprot ID
- P03901
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L
- Molecular Weight
- 10741.005 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA10
- Uniprot ID
- O95299
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 40750.28 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Structural constituent of ribosome
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA7
- Uniprot ID
- O95182
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7
- Molecular Weight
- 12551.27 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA1
- Uniprot ID
- O15239
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1
- Molecular Weight
- 8072.325 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Au HC, Seo BB, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T, Scheffler IE: The NDUFA1 gene product (MWFE protein) is essential for activity of complex I in mammalian mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 13;96(8):4354-9. [Article]
- Raha S, Myint AT, Johnstone L, Robinson BH: Control of oxygen free radical formation from mitochondrial complex I: roles for protein kinase A and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Mar 1;32(5):421-30. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND6
- Uniprot ID
- P03923
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6
- Molecular Weight
- 18622.045 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND5
- Uniprot ID
- P03915
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5
- Molecular Weight
- 67025.67 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Johnson WE, O'Brien SJ: Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes. J Mol Evol. 1997;44 Suppl 1:S98-116. [Article]
- Bao HG, Zhao CJ, Li JY, Wu Ch: Association of MT-ND5 gene variation with mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and NADH dehydrogenase activity in Tibet chicken embryos. Anim Genet. 2007 Oct;38(5):514-6. Epub 2007 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein complex binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochrome c oxidase (COX, complex IV) is the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Required for complex IV maintenance.
- Gene Name
- NDUFA4
- Uniprot ID
- O00483
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4
- Molecular Weight
- 9369.78 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed to be not involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA6
- Uniprot ID
- P56556
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6
- Molecular Weight
- 17870.715 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria. Accessory and non-catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I...
- Gene Name
- NDUFAB1
- Uniprot ID
- O14561
- Uniprot Name
- Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 17417.095 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA2
- Uniprot ID
- O43678
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2
- Molecular Weight
- 10921.45 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein complex binding
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA8
- Uniprot ID
- P51970
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8
- Molecular Weight
- 20104.875 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Triepels R, van den Heuvel L, Loeffen J, Smeets R, Trijbels F, Smeitink J: The nuclear-encoded human NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase NDUFA8 subunit: cDNA cloning, chromosomal localization, tissue distribution, and mutation detection in complex-I-deficient patients. Hum Genet. 1998 Nov;103(5):557-63. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA3
- Uniprot ID
- O95167
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3
- Molecular Weight
- 9278.785 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB8
- Uniprot ID
- O95169
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 21765.665 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFC2
- Uniprot ID
- O95298
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2
- Molecular Weight
- 14187.33 Da
References
- Gyan S, Shiohira Y, Sato I, Takeuchi M, Sato T: Regulatory loop between redox sensing of the NADH/NAD(+) ratio by Rex (YdiH) and oxidation of NADH by NADH dehydrogenase Ndh in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 2006 Oct;188(20):7062-71. [Article]
- Quiles MJ: Stimulation of chlororespiration by heat and high light intensity in oat plants. Plant Cell Environ. 2006 Aug;29(8):1463-70. [Article]
- Brooijmans RJ, Poolman B, Schuurman-Wolters GK, de Vos WM, Hugenholtz J: Generation of a membrane potential by Lactococcus lactis through aerobic electron transport. J Bacteriol. 2007 Jul;189(14):5203-9. Epub 2007 May 11. [Article]
- Bao HG, Zhao CJ, Li JY, Wu Ch: Association of MT-ND5 gene variation with mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and NADH dehydrogenase activity in Tibet chicken embryos. Anim Genet. 2007 Oct;38(5):514-6. Epub 2007 Jul 5. [Article]
- Zhu X, Liu B, Zhou S, Chen YR, Deng Y, Zweier JL, He G: Ischemic preconditioning prevents in vivo hyperoxygenation in postischemic myocardium with preservation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Sep;293(3):H1442-50. Epub 2007 May 18. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons f...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB1
- Uniprot ID
- O75438
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1
- Molecular Weight
- 6961.165 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- NDUFS1
- Uniprot ID
- P28331
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 79466.77 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB10
- Uniprot ID
- O96000
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10
- Molecular Weight
- 20776.545 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB4
- Uniprot ID
- O95168
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4
- Molecular Weight
- 15208.4 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB3
- Uniprot ID
- O43676
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3
- Molecular Weight
- 11401.945 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB2
- Uniprot ID
- O95178
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 12058.36 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB7
- Uniprot ID
- P17568
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7
- Molecular Weight
- 16401.82 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Raha S, Myint AT, Johnstone L, Robinson BH: Control of oxygen free radical formation from mitochondrial complex I: roles for protein kinase A and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Mar 1;32(5):421-30. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed to be not involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB9
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y6M9
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9
- Molecular Weight
- 21830.75 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- NDUFS2
- Uniprot ID
- O75306
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 52545.26 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB5
- Uniprot ID
- O43674
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 21750.05 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFC1
- Uniprot ID
- O43677
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 8734.155 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFB6
- Uniprot ID
- O95139
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6
- Molecular Weight
- 15489.145 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Poly(a) rna binding
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFV3
- Uniprot ID
- P56181
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 11940.435 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nad binding
- Specific Function
- Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as of the alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Involved in the hyperactivation of spermatazoa during capacitation an...
- Gene Name
- DLD
- Uniprot ID
- P09622
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 54176.91 Da
References
- Yan LJ, Yang SH, Shu H, Prokai L, Forster MJ: Histochemical staining and quantification of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase diaphorase activity using blue native PAGE. Electrophoresis. 2007 Apr;28(7):1036-45. [Article]
- Gutierrez-Correa J: Trypanosoma cruzi dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase as target for phenothiazine cationic radicals. Effect of antioxidants. Curr Drug Targets. 2006 Sep;7(9):1155-79. [Article]
- Islam MM, Wallin R, Wynn RM, Conway M, Fujii H, Mobley JA, Chuang DT, Hutson SM: A novel branched-chain amino acid metabolon. Protein-protein interactions in a supramolecular complex. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11893-903. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- NDUFS3
- Uniprot ID
- O75489
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 30241.245 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function
- Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
- Gene Name
- GSR
- Uniprot ID
- P00390
- Uniprot Name
- Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 56256.565 Da
References
- Knapp KG, Swartz JR: Evidence for an additional disulfide reduction pathway in Escherichia coli. J Biosci Bioeng. 2007 Apr;103(4):373-6. [Article]
- Aon MA, Cortassa S, Maack C, O'Rourke B: Sequential opening of mitochondrial ion channels as a function of glutathione redox thiol status. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 27;282(30):21889-900. Epub 2007 May 31. [Article]
- Wan C, Li S, Wen L, Kong J, Wang K, Zhu Y: Damage of oxidative stress on mitochondria during microspores development in Honglian CMS line of rice. Plant Cell Rep. 2007 Mar;26(3):373-82. Epub 2006 Oct 12. [Article]
- Cheng Z, Arscott LD, Ballou DP, Williams CH Jr: The relationship of the redox potentials of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster to the enzymatic mechanism: reduced thioredoxin is the reductant of glutathione in Drosophila. Biochemistry. 2007 Jul 3;46(26):7875-85. Epub 2007 Jun 6. [Article]
- Gazaryan IG, Krasinskaya IP, Kristal BS, Brown AM: Zinc irreversibly damages major enzymes of energy production and antioxidant defense prior to mitochondrial permeability transition. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 17;282(33):24373-80. Epub 2007 Jun 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA12
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UI09
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12
- Molecular Weight
- 17114.43 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFS5
- Uniprot ID
- O43920
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5
- Molecular Weight
- 12517.415 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Loeffen J, Smeets R, Smeitink J, Triepels R, Sengers R, Trijbels F, van den Heuvel L: The human NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase NDUFS5 (15 kDa) subunit: cDNA cloning, chromosomal localization, tissue distribution and the absence of mutations in isolated complex I-deficient patients. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1999 Feb;22(1):19-28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFS4
- Uniprot ID
- O43181
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 20107.84 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Papa S, Sardanelli AM, Scacco S, Petruzzella V, Technikova-Dobrova Z, Vergari R, Signorile A: The NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of the mammalian respiratory chain and the cAMP cascade. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2002 Feb;34(1):1-10. [Article]
- Petruzzella V, Vergari R, Puzziferri I, Boffoli D, Lamantea E, Zeviani M, Papa S: A nonsense mutation in the NDUFS4 gene encoding the 18 kDa (AQDQ) subunit of complex I abolishes assembly and activity of the complex in a patient with Leigh-like syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Mar 1;10(5):529-35. [Article]
- Raha S, Myint AT, Johnstone L, Robinson BH: Control of oxygen free radical formation from mitochondrial complex I: roles for protein kinase A and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Mar 1;32(5):421-30. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- NDUFV1
- Uniprot ID
- P49821
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 50816.685 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Schuelke M, Loeffen J, Mariman E, Smeitink J, van den Heuvel L: Cloning of the human mitochondrial 51 kDa subunit (NDUFV1) reveals a 100% antisense homology of its 3'UTR with the 5'UTR of the gamma-interferon inducible protein (IP-30) precursor: is this a link between mitochondrial myopathy and inflammation? Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Apr 17;245(2):599-606. [Article]
- Ali ST, Duncan AM, Schappert K, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Chow W, Robinson BH: Chromosomal localization of the human gene encoding the 51-kDa subunit of mitochondrial complex I (NDUFV1) to 11q13. Genomics. 1993 Nov;18(2):435-9. [Article]
- Grad LI, Lemire BD: Mitochondrial complex I mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans produce cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, oxidative stress and vitamin-responsive lactic acidosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2004 Feb 1;13(3):303-14. Epub 2003 Dec 8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- NDUFV2
- Uniprot ID
- P19404
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 27391.36 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Paunesku T, Chang-Liu CM, Shearin-Jones P, Watson C, Milton J, Oryhon J, Salbego D, Milosavljevic A, Woloschak GE: Identification of genes regulated by UV/salicylic acid. Int J Radiat Biol. 2000 Feb;76(2):189-98. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFA13
- Uniprot ID
- Q9P0J0
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13
- Molecular Weight
- 16698.175 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ferrous iron binding
- Specific Function
- Initiates several important metabolic pathways related to pyruvate and several sulfurate compounds including sulfate, hypotaurine and taurine. Critical regulator of cellular cysteine concentrations...
- Gene Name
- CDO1
- Uniprot ID
- Q16878
- Uniprot Name
- Cysteine dioxygenase type 1
- Molecular Weight
- 22971.745 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFS6
- Uniprot ID
- O75380
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 13711.535 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- NDUFA4L2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NRX3
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2
- Molecular Weight
- 9965.58 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- NDUFS8
- Uniprot ID
- O00217
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 23704.795 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Albracht SP, Hedderich R: Learning from hydrogenases: location of a proton pump and of a second FMN in bovine NADH--ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I). FEBS Lett. 2000 Nov 17;485(1):1-6. [Article]
- Loeffen J, Smeitink J, Triepels R, Smeets R, Schuelke M, Sengers R, Trijbels F, Hamel B, Mullaart R, van den Heuvel L: The first nuclear-encoded complex I mutation in a patient with Leigh syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Dec;63(6):1598-608. [Article]
- Jose Quiles M, Cuello J: Association of ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase with the chloroplastic pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase complex in barley leaves Plant Physiol. 1998 May;117(1):235-44. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Leukotriene-b4 20-monooxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of various fatty acids such as laurate, myristate and palmitate. Has little activity toward prostaglandins A1 and E1. Oxidizes arachidonic acid to 2...
- Gene Name
- CYP4A11
- Uniprot ID
- Q02928
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 4A11
- Molecular Weight
- 59347.31 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Ngo S, Kong S, Kirlich A, McKinnon RA, Stupans I: Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;127(3):327-34. [Article]
Details138. Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
- Gene Name
- DLAT
- Uniprot ID
- P10515
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 68996.03 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Shi S, Ehrt S: Dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. Infect Immun. 2006 Jan;74(1):56-63. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transaminase activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine.
- Gene Name
- AMT
- Uniprot ID
- P48728
- Uniprot Name
- Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 43945.65 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- MSMO1
- Uniprot ID
- Q15800
- Uniprot Name
- Methylsterol monooxygenase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 35215.42 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Signal transducer activity
- Specific Function
- Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the a...
- Gene Name
- HMOX1
- Uniprot ID
- P09601
- Uniprot Name
- Heme oxygenase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 32818.345 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Calo LA, Pagnin E, Davis PA, Sartori M, Semplicini A: Oxidative stress-related factors in Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes: relevance for angiotensin II signalling. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Aug;18(8):1518-25. [Article]
- Auclair K, Huang HW, Moenne-Loccoz P, Ortiz de Montellano PR: Cloning and expression of a heme binding protein from the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif. 2003 Apr;28(2):340-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function
- Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the a...
- Gene Name
- HMOX2
- Uniprot ID
- P30519
- Uniprot Name
- Heme oxygenase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 36032.615 Da
References
- Tanaka M, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S: DNA cleavage by UVA irradiation of NADH with dioxygen via radical chain processes. J Phys Chem A. 2006 Sep 28;110(38):11214-8. [Article]
- Goldstone AB, Liochev SI, Fridovich I: Inactivation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase by H2O2 : mechanism of protection. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Dec 15;41(12):1860-3. Epub 2006 Sep 19. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone to their 17-alpha-hydroxylated products and subsequently to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Catalyzes both the 17-alpha-hydroxylation ...
- Gene Name
- CYP17A1
- Uniprot ID
- P05093
- Uniprot Name
- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase
- Molecular Weight
- 57369.995 Da
References
- Pandey AV, Kempna P, Hofer G, Mullis PE, Fluck CE: Modulation of human CYP19A1 activity by mutant NADPH P450 oxidoreductase. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Oct;21(10):2579-95. Epub 2007 Jun 26. [Article]
Details144. Tyrosinase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA ...
- Gene Name
- TYR
- Uniprot ID
- P14679
- Uniprot Name
- Tyrosinase
- Molecular Weight
- 60392.69 Da
References
- Jadhav JP, Parshetti GK, Kalme SD, Govindwar SP: Decolourization of azo dye methyl red by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 463. Chemosphere. 2007 Jun;68(2):394-400. Epub 2007 Feb 9. [Article]
- Zafar KS, Siegel D, Ross D: A potential role for cyclized quinones derived from dopamine, DOPA, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in proteasomal inhibition. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;70(3):1079-86. Epub 2006 Jun 21. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- L-glucuronate reductase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of mevaldate to mevalonic acid and of glyceraldehyd...
- Gene Name
- AKR1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P14550
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
- Molecular Weight
- 36572.71 Da
References
- Plapp BV: Conformational changes and catalysis by alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Jan 1;493(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ADH1A
- Uniprot ID
- P07327
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A
- Molecular Weight
- 39858.37 Da
References
- Plapp BV: Conformational changes and catalysis by alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Jan 1;493(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ADH1B
- Uniprot ID
- P00325
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B
- Molecular Weight
- 39854.21 Da
References
- Plapp BV: Conformational changes and catalysis by alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Jan 1;493(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ADH4
- Uniprot ID
- P08319
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 4
- Molecular Weight
- 40221.335 Da
References
- Plapp BV: Conformational changes and catalysis by alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Jan 1;493(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol, but it readily catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione.
- Gene Name
- ADH5
- Uniprot ID
- P11766
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3
- Molecular Weight
- 39723.945 Da
References
- Plapp BV: Conformational changes and catalysis by alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Jan 1;493(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Could function in retinol oxidation for the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. Medium-chain (octanol) and aromatic (m-nitrobenzaldehyde) compounds are the...
- Gene Name
- ADH7
- Uniprot ID
- P40394
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain
- Molecular Weight
- 41480.985 Da
References
- Plapp BV: Conformational changes and catalysis by alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Jan 1;493(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xanthine oxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Ha...
- Gene Name
- XDH
- Uniprot ID
- P47989
- Uniprot Name
- Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
- Molecular Weight
- 146422.99 Da
References
- Kalimuthu P, Leimkuhler S, Bernhardt PV: Xanthine dehydrogenase electrocatalysis: autocatalysis and novel activity. J Phys Chem B. 2011 Mar 24;115(11):2655-62. doi: 10.1021/jp111809f. Epub 2011 Mar 1. [Article]
- Al-Gonaiah M, Smith RA, Stone TW: Xanthine oxidase-induced neuronal death via the oxidation of NADH: prevention by micromolar EDTA. Brain Res. 2009 Jul 14;1280:33-42. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.024. Epub 2009 May 18. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xanthine dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and N-methylphthalazinium, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal...
- Gene Name
- AOX1
- Uniprot ID
- Q06278
- Uniprot Name
- Aldehyde oxidase
- Molecular Weight
- 147916.735 Da
References
- Mantle D, Preedy VR: Free radicals as mediators of alcohol toxicity. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev. 1999 Nov;18(4):235-52. [Article]
- Li H, Kundu TK, Zweier JL: Characterization of the magnitude and mechanism of aldehyde oxidase-mediated nitric oxide production from nitrite. J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 4;284(49):33850-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.019125. Epub 2009 Sep 28. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateActivator
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ADH6
- Uniprot ID
- P28332
- Uniprot Name
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 6
- Molecular Weight
- 39088.335 Da
References
- Plapp BV: Conformational changes and catalysis by alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Jan 1;493(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 5. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:42